UAT Boot Camp 2019

የዛሬው የግማሽ ቀን ጥናታችን ይሄን ይመስል ነበር እንዴት አገኛችሁት? በኮመንት የተሰማችሁን ጻፉልን👇 ከሰዓት የልምምድ ጥያቄ ይቀጥላል። @UATbootcamp

Today CHALLENGE Try these questions before checking the answers! 👇 1️⃣ A number increases from 240 to 300. Find the percentage increase. 2️⃣ A product costs 2,000 birr. After a 15% discount, what is the new price? 3️⃣ A salary increases by 10% and then decreases by 10%. What is the overall percentage change? 4️⃣ 35% of a number is 140. Find the number. 5️⃣ An item is sold for 1,200 birr at a 20% profit. Find the cost price. 6️⃣ A population of 50,000 decreases by 10% and then increases by 20%. Find the final population. 💬 COMMENT YOUR ANSWERS BELOW! Don't just read the notes solve the questions first! 🧠✍️ 📌 Remember: In percentage questions, the biggest secret is identifying the WHOLE or ORIGINAL VALUE. Once you know the correct base value, most questions become much easier. 🔥 UAT SUCCESS TIP: Understand the concept first, memorize the key formulas second, and then practice as many different question types as possible. @UATbootcamp

FINAL FORMULA SHEET Percentage Percentage = (Part ÷ Whole) × 100 Part Part = Percentage × Whole Whole Whole = Part ÷ Percentage Percentage Change Percentage Change = (Change ÷ Original) × 100 Increase Increase = Original × Percentage New Value = Original × (1 + Percentage) Decrease Decrease = Original × Percentage New Value = Original × (1 − Percentage) Profit Profit = Selling Price − Cost Price Profit % = (Profit ÷ Cost Price) × 100 Loss Loss = Cost Price − Selling Price Loss % = (Loss ÷ Cost Price) × 100 @UATbootcamp

⚠️ COMMON MISTAKES TO AVOID ❌ Dividing percentage change by the new value. ✅ Always divide by the original value. ❌ Adding successive percentage changes directly. For example: 20% increase + 10% increase ≠ always 30% increase. Use multipliers instead. ❌ Thinking +20% and −20% cancel each other. They don't! +20% then −20% = 4% overall decrease. ❌ Finding the original value by subtracting the percentage from the final value. If a value became 600 after a 20% increase: ❌ 600 − 20% = Wrong approach. ✅ Original = 600 ÷ 1.20 = 500 @UATbootcamp

COMMON PERCENTAGE EQUIVALENTS Memorizing these will save you valuable time during the UAT! ⏱️ Percentage  Fraction  Decimal 1%  1/100    0.01 10%  1/10    0.1 20%  1/5      0.2 25%  1/4      0.25 33⅓%  1/3  0.333... 50%  1/2     0.5 66⅔%  2/3 0.666... 75%  3/4     0.75 100%  1      1 @UATbootcamp

UAT EXAM STRATEGY: THE MULTIPLIER METHOD Memorize these shortcuts: Change  Multiply by Increase by 10%  × 1.10 Increase by 20%  × 1.20 Increase by 25%  × 1.25 Increase by 50%  × 1.50 Decrease by 10%  × 0.90 Decrease by 20%  × 0.80 Decrease by 25%  × 0.75 Decrease by 50%  × 0.50 @UATbootcamp

6️⃣ REAL-LIFE APPLICATIONS 🛒 A. Discount A discount is a percentage reduction in price. Formula Discount = Original Price × Discount Rate Selling Price = Original Price − Discount Example A phone costs 10,000 birr with a 15% discount. Discount: 10,000 × 0.15 = 1,500 Selling price: 10,000 − 1,500 = 8,500 birr 💰 B. Profit Formula Profit = Selling Price − Cost Price Profit Percentage = (Profit ÷ Cost Price) × 100 Example A trader buys an item for 500 birr and sells it for 650 birr. Profit: 650 − 500 = 150 Profit percentage: 150 ÷ 500 × 100 = 30% 📉 C. Loss Formula Loss = Cost Price − Selling Price Loss Percentage = (Loss ÷ Cost Price) × 100 Example An item costs 1,000 birr but is sold for 850 birr. Loss: 1,000 − 850 = 150 Loss percentage: 150 ÷ 1,000 × 100 = 15% 🧾 D. Tax Tax is usually added as a percentage of the original price. Formula Tax = Price × Tax Rate Final Price = Original Price + Tax Example An item costs 2,000 birr before tax. Tax is 15%. Tax: 2,000 × 0.15 = 300 Final price: 2,000 + 300 = 2,300 birr 🤝 E. Commission Commission is money earned based on a percentage of sales. Formula Commission = Sales × Commission Rate Example A salesperson sells products worth 50,000 birr and earns a 5% commission. Commission: 50,000 × 0.05 = 2,500 birr 👥 F. Population Change Population questions often involve percentage increase or decrease. Example A town has a population of 20,000. It increases by 8%. Increase: 20,000 × 0.08 = 1,600 New population: 20,000 + 1,600 = 21,600 💼 G. Salary Increase A worker earns 8,000 birr per month. Their salary increases by 12%. Increase: 8,000 × 0.12 = 960 New salary: 8,000 + 960 = 8,960 birr 📈 H. Price Changes A product costs 500 birr. The price increases by 30%. New price: 500 × 1.30 = 650 birr If the new price later decreases by 30%: 650 × 0.70 = 455 birr ⚠️ The final price is NOT 500 birr! @UATbootcamp

5️⃣ PERCENTAGE MORE THAN / LESS THAN This topic is all about identifying the correct base value. 📈 Percentage More Than Suppose A = 120 and B = 100. How much percent is A more than B? Difference: 120 − 100 = 20 Percentage: 20 ÷ 100 × 100 = 20% Therefore:

120 is 20% more than 100.

📉 Percentage Less Than Now ask: How much percent is B less than A? Difference: 120 − 100 = 20 Percentage: 20 ÷ 120 × 100 = 16.67% Therefore:

100 is approximately 16.67% less than 120.

⚠️ “More than” and “less than” do not always give the same percentage! The denominator changes depending on what you are comparing with. @UATbootcamp

4️⃣ SUCCESSIVE PERCENTAGE CHANGES A successive percentage change means a value changes more than once. The most important rule is:

Each percentage change is calculated using the value at that particular stage.

📈 Increase → Increase A price of 1,000 birr increases by 10%, then increases by 20%. First increase: 1,000 × 1.10 = 1,100 Second increase: 1,100 × 1.20 = 1,320 Overall increase: 1,320 − 1,000 = 320 Percentage increase: (320 ÷ 1,000) × 100 = 32% ⚠️ Notice: 10% + 20% = 30% But the actual increase is 32%. Why? Because the second 20% is calculated using 1,100, not 1,000. 📉 Decrease → Decrease A price of 1,000 decreases by 10%, then by 20%. First decrease: 1,000 × 0.90 = 900 Second decrease: 900 × 0.80 = 720 Overall decrease: 1,000 − 720 = 280 Percentage decrease: 280 ÷ 1,000 × 100 = 28% 📈 ➡️ 📉 Increase → Decrease A product worth 1,000 birr increases by 20%, then decreases by 20%. After increase: 1,000 × 1.20 = 1,200 After decrease: 1,200 × 0.80 = 960 Final value = 960 The original was 1,000. So the overall result is: 4% decrease 🤯 WHY +20% AND −20% DO NOT CANCEL OUT This is a VERY IMPORTANT concept! 🔥 Start with 100. Increase by 20%: 100 → 120 Now decrease 120 by 20%: 20% of 120 = 24 120 − 24 = 96 So: 100 → 120 → 96 You do not return to 100. Why? Because: The +20% was calculated using 100 The −20% was calculated using 120 The percentages use different base values. 🎯 Successive Change Shortcut If the percentage changes are a% and b%, use the multipliers. Increase by a% Multiply by: (1 + a/100) Decrease by a% Multiply by: (1 − a/100) Then multiply all the factors together. Example Increase by 10%, then decrease by 10%. Multiplier: 1.10 × 0.90 = 0.99 This means the final value is 99% of the original. ✅ Overall result = 1% decrease 🛍 SUCCESSIVE DISCOUNTS A product costs 2,000 birr. It receives: First discount: 20% Second discount: 10% First: 2,000 × 0.80 = 1,600 Second: 1,600 × 0.90 = 1,440 Total discount: 2,000 − 1,440 = 560 Percentage discount: 560 ÷ 2,000 × 100 = 28% ⚠️ 20% + 10% is NOT 30%. The actual total discount is 28%. @UATbootcamp

3️⃣ PERCENTAGE CHANGE Students often confuse these concepts. Let's separate them clearly. 👇 🔹 Percentage of a Number Find 20% of 500. = 100 You are simply finding a portion. 🔹 Percentage Increase 500 increases by 20%. New value: 500 × 1.20 = 600 🔹 Percentage Decrease 500 decreases by 20%. New value: 500 × 0.80 = 400 📊 Percentage Change Percentage change measures how much a value changed compared to its original value. Formula Percentage Change = (Change ÷ Original Value) × 100 Where: Change = New Value − Original Value Example A price increases from 400 birr to 500 birr. Change: 500 − 400 = 100 Percentage change: = (100 ÷ 400) × 100 = 25% ✅ The price increased by 25%. Example: Decrease A population decreases from 2,000 to 1,600. Change: 2,000 − 1,600 = 400 Percentage decrease: = (400 ÷ 2,000) × 100 = 20% ⚠️ IMPORTANT When finding percentage change:

Always divide by the ORIGINAL VALUE.

@UATbootcamp

2️⃣ PERCENTAGE INCREASE AND DECREASE 📈 Percentage Increase A percentage increase means the value becomes larger. Step 1: Find the increase Increase = Original Value × Increase Percentage Step 2: Find the new value New Value = Original Value + Increase Example A salary of 5,000 birr increases by 20%. Increase: 20% × 5,000 = 0.20 × 5,000 = 1,000 New salary: 5,000 + 1,000 = 6,000 birr ⚡️ Faster Method Instead of finding the increase separately: New Value = Original × (1 + Percentage) For a 20% increase: 1 + 0.20 = 1.20 So: 5,000 × 1.20 = 6,000 📉 Percentage Decrease A percentage decrease means the value becomes smaller. Step 1: Find the decrease Decrease = Original Value × Decrease Percentage Step 2: Find the new value New Value = Original Value − Decrease Example A shirt costs 800 birr and receives a 25% discount. Discount: 25% × 800 = 200 New Price: 800 − 200 = 600 birr ⚡️ Faster Method New Value = Original × (1 − Percentage) For a 25% decrease: 1 − 0.25 = 0.75 800 × 0.75 = 600 birr 🔙 FINDING THE ORIGINAL VALUE This is a common UAT question! Example 1: After an Increase A price becomes 600 birr after a 20% increase. Find the original price. A 20% increase means: New value = 120% of Original Therefore: Original = 600 ÷ 1.20 = 500 birr ⚠️ Do NOT subtract 20% from 600. The 20% was calculated using the original value. Example 2: After a Decrease A product costs 720 birr after a 10% discount. Find the original price. After a 10% decrease: New value = 90% of Original 90% = 0.90 Original = 720 ÷ 0.90 = 800 birr @UATbootcamp

FINDING A PERCENTAGE OF A NUMBER Formula Percentage of a number = Percentage × Number Remember to convert the percentage into a decimal first. Example 1 Find 20% of 300. 20% = 0.20 0.20 × 300 = 60 ✅ Answer: 60 Example 2 Find 15% of 800. 15% × 800 = 0.15 × 800 = 120 🔍 FINDING THE WHOLE Sometimes you know the percentage and the part, but you need to find the original whole. Formula Whole = Part ÷ Percentage (in decimal form) Example 30% of a number is 60. 30% = 0.30 Whole = 60 ÷ 0.30 = 200 ✅ Answer: 200 FINDING THE PERCENTAGE WHEN PART AND WHOLE ARE GIVEN ⭐️ Most Important Formula Percentage = (Part ÷ Whole) × 100 Example A class has 40 students. 30 passed. Percentage passed: = (30 ÷ 40) × 100 = 0.75 × 100 = 75% QUICK PRACTICE Convert 0.45 into a percentage. Convert 35% into a decimal. Find 25% of 480. 40% of a number is 80. Find the number. 18 out of 60 students are absent. What percentage is absent? Answers 45% 0.35 120 200 30% @UATbootcamp

1️⃣ BASIC PERCENTAGE CONCEPTS 💡 What Does Percentage Mean? The word percent means “per hundred.” Percent = Per 100 For example: 1% = 1 out of 100 25% = 25 out of 100 50% = 50 out of 100 100% = the whole amount Example If 25 out of 100 students passed an exam: Percentage passed = 25% 🔄 Percentage as a Fraction To convert a percentage into a fraction: Formula x% = x/100 Examples 25% = 25/100 = 1/4 50% = 50/100 = 1/2 75% = 75/100 = 3/4 20% = 20/100 = 1/5 10% = 10/100 = 1/10 🧠 Quick Tip Always remember:

Percentage → Put it over 100 → Simplify

🔢 Percentage as a Decimal To convert a percentage into a decimal: Rule Divide by 100 Or simply:

Move the decimal point two places to the left.

Examples 50% = 0.50 = 0.5 25% = 0.25 7% = 0.07 125% = 1.25 2.5% = 0.025 🔄 Decimal → Percentage To convert a decimal into a percentage: Rule Multiply by 100 Or:

Move the decimal point two places to the right and add %

Examples 0.5 = 50% 0.25 = 25% 0.75 = 75% 1.2 = 120% 0.08 = 8% 🔄 Fraction → Percentage Formula Fraction × 100% Examples 1/2 = 1/2 × 100% = 50% 3/4 = 3/4 × 100% = 75% 2/5 = 2/5 × 100% = 40% @UATbootcamp

2. What subjects does the UAT test? The UAT focuses on reasoning skills rather than school subjects. The examination includes:    1️⃣Verbal Reasoning   2️⃣Quantitative Reasoning                                      Questions are designed to assess analytical thinking, comprehension, problem-solving, and logical reasoning. 3. What areas/topics should you prepare for: The UAT focuses on reasoning ability rather than subject memorization. The examination consists of: 1️⃣ Verbal Reasoning :  Verbal Reasoning measures your ability to understand, interpret, and analyze written information. Questions may assess: ✔️Reading comprehension ✔️Vocabulary in context ✔️ Logical reasoning ✔️ Critical thinking ✔️Identifying relationships between ideas ✔️ Drawing conclusions from passages ✔️gramma                     2️⃣Quantitative Reasoning : Quantitative Reasoning evaluates your ability to solve numerical and logical problems. Questions may involve: ✔️Arithmetic ✔️ Algebra ✔️ Percentages ✔️ Ratios ✔️Word problems ✔️ Data interpretation ✔️ Logical mathematical reasoning ✔️ Probabilities  ✔️ Statistics @UATbootcamp

UAT Awareness Lesson: 1. What is the Undergraduate Admission Test (UAT)? The Undergraduate Admission Test (UAT) is an entrance examination administered by Addis Ababa University (AAU) for applicants seeking admission to undergraduate programs. The exam evaluates applicants' university readiness by assessing their reasoning, problem-solving, and critical thinking abilities rather than memorization of high school subjects. The UAT is one of the requirements for admission into AAU. Successfully passing the UAT allows an applicant to be considered during the university's admission process, together with other admission criteria established by the university. Unlike traditional exams that mainly test subject knowledge, the UAT evaluates students' ability  to: ✔️Think critically ✔️ Solve unfamiliar problems ✔️Analyze information ✔️Reason logically ✔️Make sound decisions under time pressure The goal is to admit students who are well prepared for the academic demands of university. @UATbootcamp

DAY 2 IS HERE! 🔥 Today we’re focusing on one important thing: Do you really know what you’re preparing for? Stay active throughout the session. Take part in the polls, share your thoughts, and ask questions whenever something is not clear. Let’s begin Day 2.

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