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👑 Bacterial Evasion Mechanisms 🔹⭐️ Sequestration 🪽 Staphylococci → hide in bone (osteomyelitis). 🔹🎭 Antigen Shedding 🪽 Streptococcus pneumoniae → sheds large amounts of surface antigen → antibodies bind the shed antigen instead of the bacterium. 🔹🪝 Fc Binding 🪽 Staphylococci → produce Protein A → binds Fc portion of IgG. 🪽 Some Streptococci → produce substances that bind Fc portion of IgA. 🔹Result: 🪽 Opsonization ↓ 🪽 Complement activation ↓ 🔹🛡️ Resistance to Killing 🪽 Mycobacterium tuberculosis → resists oxidative killing inside macrophages. 🪽 Some Staphylococci → produce catalase → destroy hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). 🔹🚪 Escape from Phagosome 🪽 Mycobacterium leprae → enters phagosome then escapes into cytoplasm. 🔹❌ Inhibition of Chemotaxis 🪽 Clostridium perfringens 🪽 Staphylococcus aureus 🪽 Some Streptococci → inhibit recruitment of phagocytes to infection sites. 🔹🧱 Blocking Access of Cells 🪽 Staphylococci → produce coagulase → fibrin deposition around bacteria → blocks inflammatory cells. 🔹✂️ IgA Protease 🪽 Neisseria gonorrhoeae 🪽 Neisseria meningitidis 🪽 Haemophilus influenzae → cleave secretory IgA. 🔹🎭 Antigenic Variation 🪽 Neisseria gonorrhoeae → changes pili antigens → escapes antibodies. 🔹🛡️ Anti-Phagocytosis 🪽 Streptococcus pyogenes → M protein. 🪽 Many bacteria → capsule. → inhibit phagocytosis. 🔹💀 Macrophage Apoptosis 🪽 Shigella flexneri → induces apoptosis of macrophages. 🔹🧨 Destroy Complement Signals 🪽 Pseudomonas → secretes elastase → inactivates C3a and C5a. 🔹🚪 Increase Tissue Invasion 🪽 Some bacteria → secrete hyaluronidase → spread through tissues more easily.

🚨 MCQ ALERT Protein A (Staph aureus) binds Fc of IgG. Streptococcus pneumoniae → Antigen shedding. Mycobacterium tuberculosis → Resistant to intracellular killing. Mycobacterium leprae → Escapes from phagosome. Coagulase (Staph aureus) → Fibrin coat formation. Clostridium perfringens → Inhibits chemotaxis.

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شوفي هنا محاضره micro lec 10 ذاكرين ذني الادويه و متكرره نفسها بمحاضره medicine lec 8 نفس الادويه و مذكوره ال mechanism فممكن ذني تجي

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🚨 MCQ ALERT IgA protease → Neisseria, Haemophilus. M protein → anti-phagocytic. Capsule → inhibits phagocytosis. Pseudomonas elastase → destroys C3a and C5a. Hyaluronidase → enhances tissue invasion. Shigella flexneri → induces macrophage apoptosis.

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