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Full resolution can be found on Maptism: https://maptism.org/maps/bell-beaker/

2	The Bell Beaker culture represents the Indo-European migrations into Western Europe, as multiple ancient DNA studies have shown both with Autosomal DNA, Y-DNA, mtDNA and IBD sharing. The dominant paternal lineage of the Bell Beaker culture was Y-Chromosome Haplogroup R1b-P312, which was absent anywhere west of the Rhine until 2600bc, and its father, R1b-L11, is found in Corded Ware males. R1b stands at 89% of all tested Beaker Males, while the dominant Megalithic Lineages of the previous period, I2a1, sits at only 5%, surviving strongest in peripheral regions far away from Central Europe. In addition to this, Beaker people almost all carry some percentage (sometimes majority) Corded Ware ancestry, with strong IBD links back to Central Europe. Materially, the Bell Beaker culture carries various Central-European elements invented in Corded Ware contexts west of the Rhine into every corner of Europe, notably Potruding Foot Beakers evolved into AOC and AOO Beakers, Begleitkeramik, Single Burials and Stone Wrist Guards. Despite this, the “Beaker Folk” were also highly syncretic with local cultures, adopting the Iberian “Maritime” Beaker, as well as Palmela Arrow-/Lance-heads, Atlantic Copper Halberds, and often re-using Megalithic Graves of the preceeding periods. Although it must be said that the extreme dominance of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup R1b-P312 reveals that Beaker Males replaced Local males in most places they migrated to, as well as introducing Corded Ware ancestry, therefore this process was likely violent in many places. This expansion was unbelievably Rapid, with Indo-Europeans conquering all of Brittain, reaching Iberia from Germany and conquering all of France in just 100 years. The Bell Beaker culture is the most important culture of the Late Chalcolithic / Earliest Bronze Age, defined by distinctive Bell Shaped Beakers and associated package of "warrior" or "archer" personal equipment. It runs roughly from 2600 BC to 2100 BC, with regional chronological variation. (Primarily in Iberia, where earliest forms of the Maritime Bell Beaker are as early as 2900 BC). The latest dates in Britain and Ireland stretch into the early 2nd millennium, while in Central Europe it already terminates in 2300 BC, with the transition into the Unetice Culture.	233
3	THE BELL BEAKER CULTURE 2600-2100 BC, the Indo-European conquest of Western Europe. A Complete map of the Bell Beaker Culture (14780 Catalogued Sites) in all its forms, displaying every site, find, type, as well as supplementaries detailing Genetic Makeup, C14 dating, and Individual Find Types.	550
4	(Full res, not really that high res because i slopped this shit up in draw.io in like a day)	401
5	Evolution of Dacians and Thracians: Illustrative Graph showing the Evolution of Southeast European Cultures from Vucedol to the Iron Age, highlighting specifically the Daco Thracian branch, and omitting the Illyrian one, which continues from Cetina downward. Based on Archaeology, since almost no Genetic material is available on the majority these Cultures.	384
6	this supports our entire >20k site Corded Ware temporal geodata at acceptable frame rates so hopefully you will see the coming Gigadrop for what it is	544
7	For Free, ForEver	523
8	An imageboard taking GIS geodata you can fork and edit (including e.g. the DOI you sourced) rather than actual images is coming soon on an invite-only basis, btw	525
9	You're free to reverse engineer all of this as, unlike our competitors, we do not charge for Information That Wants To Be Free	523
10	sneak peek at our upcoming MapCut animation engine that renders rendering our animations real-time instead of an 8h endeavor (with non-mercator projections)	532
11	EarlyHelladic_Minoan_YDNA_highres.png	582
12	Y-DNA of the Pre-Hellenic inhabitants of Greece and Crete, the Early Helladic and Minoan people. The Early Helladic stands in stark contrast to the Later Mycenaean, not just due to the presence of Steppe Lineages, but also a stark decline of the previous dominant lineage, J1b-F1615, which is extremely marginal in the Mycenaean period. L, I2a and J1a vanish completely after 1700bc, and new Lineages such as J2b-L283, R1b-Pf7562, R1b-M269, C1a-V20, , J2a-PF7416, J2a-PF5197, J2a-PF5007, and G2a-P287 appear, which are Absent in the preceeding periods. Crete sees more continuity from the Minoan to the Mycenean periods, however J1 disappears as well, G2a grows dramatically, and R1b-PF7562 and E-L618 (E being absent on the mainland) appear. This speaks for more than just an introduction of Steppe Lineages at the switch from Helladic to Mycenaean Civilization, but also attests other migratory events seperate from the Proto-Greek movement happening paralell to it into Greece.	573
13	"The LRJ industry starts in europe during 50-45kya, contemporary to various transitional Neanderthal-Sapien industries such as Chatelperronian and Uluzzian. The Initial Upper Paleolithic culture (IUP), genetically related to East Eurasians, spreads to both Southeast Europe and the Altai in 45kya, while the East Eurasian Core and Flake industry spreads from the south northward into China. By 45kya, the West Eurasian Aurignacian Culture spreads into europe, possibly via Anatolia or the Caucasus. Partly Contemporarily, the closely related Gravettian Culture spreads northward into Eastern Eurpope via the Caucasus and then spreads West into the Aurignacian Culture and Eastward, replacing the Altai IUP Culture and migrating far to the to Yana and various related ivory sites. Before this, there were various possibly-IUP sites with evidence of human activity older than 40kya in the arctic circle, an remarkable testament to early humans climactic resilience. around 10 thousand years later, the Late Glacial Maximum event hits, drastically lowering temperatures across the globe, forcing the humans in the arctic to abandon their lands and migrate south. During this LGM, there is almost no evidence of Human presence north of the Carpathians and Alps in Europe. Only after the LGM in 15kya would Humans begin to resettle and expand out of the Refugia back into the rest of Europe as the Soluteran and Magdelanian Cultures. Following this Period, the Scandinavian ice cap started to melt, allowing humans to migrated into Scandinavia for the first time in prehistory, and when they did so, they did so very rapidly, reaching the northernmost part of Scandinavia by 11kya as the Komsa-Hensbacka Culture."	642
14	spread of humans.png	338
15	I saw a map on Twitter depicting the spread of Humans into Eurasia and America. The Europe and Siberia parts were extremely inaccurate, so i made this version showing it more accurately.	611
16	Mycenaean_YDNA_mainland_vs_Crete_highres.png	491
17	Y-DNA of Mycenaeans	520
18	This also sheds light on the origins of Ötzi the Iceman, a famous prehistoric ice-mummy from Austria. DNA Testing revealed that Ötzi belonged to the Haplogroup G-L166. This Haplogroup is not found as dominant in many of the cultures contemporary to Ötzis life, except for the Horgen Culture in Switzerland, which is completely Dominated by G-PF3148, which is ancestral to Ötzis G-L166. Furthermore, 7 of the 10 samples from the Horgen Culture are of Ötzis clade, G-L166. Archaeological evidence also lines up, as Ötzi also carried Stone Tools developed by the Horgen Culture. Therefore we can say confidently that Ötzi was a individual from the Swiss Neolithic Horgen Culture, possibly as a trader, a scout or a retreating raider, since Ötzi is largely outside the Horgen cultures area and was assailed by locals and died to the wounds they inflicted.	1 500
19	The Italian, British, French and Iberian Late Neolithic groups are unified through a common dominance of i2a1-m223, which is however a seperate clade from the I2a1 of the preceeding, and ancestral to all of these, Cardial Culture (I2a1-l161, the same as Funnelbeaker). There are many things that could have happened here, such as individual founder effects or contributions from local hunter gatherers. Singleing out exactly happened would only be possible through high-coverage IBD connections.	663
20	Around 5000bc, when the LBK culture falls, the gene pool in central europe becomes extremely heterogenous, with samples being all over the place on PCA with varying amounts of WHG and ANF ancestry. After 4500bc this stabilizes into the Ethnogenisation of new cultures such as Chasseen, Michelsberg, Lengyel and TRB, which are all dominated by Hunter Gatherer Lineages. The British Neolithic is derived from Chasseen and Michelsberg groups, where their line of I2a underwent a large founder effect. There are various weird discrepancies in the specific clades of I2a however, for example Wartberg having a large amount of I2a2, which is extremely rare in other groups. Other discrepancies are the dominance of I2a1-l161 in Funnelbeaker, and the dominance of I2a1-l801 in GAC, which is Autosomally identical to Funnelbeaker and materially derived from it.	855

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