✧science stream students˚₊‧₊

ok ok kita bagi Chemistry jugak

flashback form 4 dulu ya para form 5 🫣

try je , bagi dalam bentuk point ☝🏼.. I'll send in more 🙊

bio mendahului..

#chemistry creds: to the rightful owner

#math

🤓jangan maless

jom cuba

#physics

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Chapter 5 : Metabolism & Enzymes 5.1 ) Metabolism A. Catabolism —> breaking down complex substance into simpler substance —> releases energy —> eg. breaking down of glucose during cellular respiration to generate energy 2. Anabolism —> synthesising complex molecules from simple molecules. —> uses/ absorbs energy —> eg. formation of glucose during photosynthesis 5.2 ) Enzymes 1. Characteristics ( a ) acts rapidly ( b ) small quantity and reusable ( c ) structure unchanged and undestroyed ( d ) specific ( e ) most reaction catalysts by enzymes are reversible ( f ) need inhibitors ( lead, mercury ) to slow down/ stop the enzyme activity ( e ) need cofactors ( vit. B, mg. ion ) to work effectively 2. Intracellular and Extracellular Enzymes A. Intracellular Enzymes - synthesized in a cell for it's own use - hexokinase enzyme that is used in glycolysis process during cellular respiration B. Extracellular Enzymes - secreted outside of the cell - trypsin enzymes produced from pancreatic cell is secreted into duodenum to break down polypeptides 3. Factors Affecting Mechanism of Enzyme Action ( a ) temperature ( b ) pH value ( c ) substrate ( d ) enzymes 5.3 ) Applications of Enzymes ( a ) digestive enzymes - medical sector ( b ) lactose enzymes - lactase-free milk ( c ) • pectinase - juice • cellulase production ( d ) protease enzymes - separate skin fish ( e ) • amylase - bio • lipase detergent ( f ) trypsin - extracts fur, leather products -mai @biologyspm #biology

#biology

Conclusion of form4 biology chapter3: 1) Plasma membrane 📍label phospholipid bilayer 📍label cholesterol & function 📍label channel protein & carrier protein 📎definition of selectively permeable membrane 2) Movement of Substances Across a Plasma Membrane 📍Water must be osmosis 📍ions/glucose/amino acid is facilitated diffusion (do not require energy because it is passive transport) 📍oxygen and carbon dioxide both are simple diffusion 📍lipid/ADEK direct diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer 📎 active VS passive transport ⭐⭐⭐ 📍explain the sodium-potassium pump 📍how inhabitor affects active transport ⭐⭐⭐ 3) hypotonic hypertonic isotonic 📍hypo is water come in because the O mean that H2O diffuse in 📍hyper is water diffuse out 📍iso is no net movement of water across plasma membrane ⭐red blood cell "more water - haemolysis" "less water - crenation" ⭐plant cell "more water - big vacuole" "less water - plasmolysis" "back to the ori state - deplasmolysis" ⭐potato strip "more water - epidermis small, surface become inward" "less water - epidermis big, surface become outward" 4) use the concept 📍isotonic drink: recover electrolytes⭐⭐⭐ 📍liposomes: prevent medicine destroyed by gastric juices / to deliver medicine to target cells⭐⭐⭐ 📍reverse osmosis: selectively permeable membrane only allow water to pass through and prevent salt from passing through credit: @spmchemistrya

heloo