Anupam Upadhyay - OFFICIAL
Physics Educator in NEET UG Unacadmy 8+ Years Experience Produced Multiple AIR's Under Top 50 Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/anupam.unacadmy?igshid=YzAwZjE1ZTI0Zg YouTube Channel - https://youtube.com/@Anupam.unacadmy?si=sf_qY3mDTJSXQDRC
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🔥Periodic Table Chemistry Tricks 🔥
Group 1 - Lina Kare Rab Se Fariyad
Elements - Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
Group 2 - Beta Mange Car Safari Baap Razi
Elements - Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
Group 13 - Bengan, Aaloo, Gazar In Thella
Elements - B, Al, Ga, In, Tl
Group 14 - Chemistry Sir Gives Sanki Problems.
Elements - C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb
Group 15 - Nepal Pakistan Australia Sab Bikhari (No offence!!)
Elements - N, P, As, Sb, Bi
Group 16 - Old Style Se Tepo
Elements - O, S, Se, Te, Po
Group 17 - Fir Call kar Bahaar AayI Aunty
Elements - F, Cl, Br, I, At
Group 18 - Heena Neena Aur Kareena Xenath Rangeen
Elements - He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
D blocks elements -
Esi TV Corporation Mange Fir raha hein, Koi Ni Kuch nahi Janta
Elements - Sc, T, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn
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Some Important Points :
🌟BORON :
•In casting of copper as a dioxidizer
•Boron rods used in automic reactor.
•Boron fiber used in bullet proof jacket,
•In composite material of aircraft
•Used in braintumer therapy.
🌟 BORAX :
•As a flux for soldring metal.
•In borex bead test
•In softning of water
•Antiseptic
•Manufacturing of enamels of glazes, tiles.
•For making optical and borosilicals SS.
•Food preservative
🌟ALUMINIUM :
• Making house hold, untensils, frames, roof,aircrafts.
• Electric wire.
•Thermite process (In metallurgy of Cr, Mn, Fe)
•For transportin nitric acid.
•AI, Hg used as reducing agent.
•Aluminium powder + Ammonium nitrate.
⚡LEAD [Pb] :
•In making telegraph and telephone wires
•Making bullets
•Making chamber in HSO, process.
⚡️NITROGEN :
•In the manufacturing of HNO3, NH3, CaCN2.
•Liquid nitrogen used as refrigrant.
•Inert atmosphere in metallurgy.
•Gas thermometer and electrical bulb
⚡️NH3 :
• Refrigeration
•Manufacturing HNO3, NaHCO3
•Artificial Silk.
• Urea Formation
•For solvent
⚡️HNO3 :
• Manufacturing of ammonium nitrateas fertilizer.
•In explosive
• For making nitroglycerine.
• Making TNT.
• Pickling against of stainless steel.
• Etching of Metal
•Oxidizer in rocket fule.
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Tricks to remember first 30 elements in periodic table
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Learn P Block Elements - Periodic Table
Funny mnemonics which will help you learn periodic table easily
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Learn S Block Elements - Periodic Table
Funny mnemonics which will help you learn periodic table easily
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Learn D Block Elements - Periodic Table
Funny mnemonics which will help you learn periodic table easily
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🔰 Important Notes on P-Block Elements – Nitric Acid 🔰
✍️ Hyponitric acid does not exist. The rest three mentioned are commonly occurring oxoacids of nitrogen. Hyponitrous acid, H2N2O2 is an isomer tautomer of nitramide, with the structure of the former being HON = NOH. Nitrous acid, HNO2 is usually formed in the atmosphere prior conversion to nitric acid. It is highly unstable.
✍️ Nitric acid is a very weak reducing agent since it has a polar O – H bond. This breaks to donate the H+ ion which is why it is a strong oxidizing agent and a strong acid. Since there is only one cleavable O – H bond, the basicity of nitric acid is unity (one HNO3 molecule can donate only 1 H+ ion). It exists as a planar molecule in vapor phase.
✍️ The most appropriate lab scale preparation method of nitric acid, HNO3 is using an alkali nitrate salt and react it with concentration nitric acid in a glass retort. Nitrous acid being highly unstable decomposes into nitric acid. The other two sets of reaction represent the industrial process of manufacturing nitric acid i.e. Ostwald’s process.
✍️ Ostwald’s process is the name of the industrial process to manufacture nitric acid in bulk. It involves the oxidation of ammonia which forms nitric oxide. This is then reacted with more oxygen to produce nitrogen dioxide. Subsequently, nitrogen dioxide is dissolved in water to produce adequate concentrations of nitric acid. Contact process is used to produce sulfuric acid. Solvay is used to obtain sodium carbonate and Haber-Bosch to obtain ammonia.
✍️ Pt-Rh gauze sheet is widely used as the catalyst in ammonic oxidation, the first step of Ostwald’s process. Fe2O3 is used in Haber’s process; V2O5 in contact process and Zn (Hg) is used in Clemmensen reduction of aldehydes.
✍️ Experimentally, it is determined that nitric acid and water form a constant boiling azeotrope at 68% – 32% by mass composition, respectively. Here, it becomes impossible to separate water and nitric acid by distillation methods. Thus, concentrated sulfuric acid is used for dehydration and removal of water.
✍️ The products released depend on the concentration of nitric acid. In case of zinc metal, diluted nitric acid treatment release nitrous oxide and concentrated nitric acid causes the release of nitrogen dioxide.
✍️ Aluminum does not dissolve in nitric acid. This is because treatment with nitric acid results in the formation of a tough oxide layer. This oxide layer prevents it from further reacting with the oxide. Hence, the compound formed is Al2O3 i.e. aluminum (III) oxide.
✍️ Pickling of stainless steel is the process of removal of a thin layer of the alloyed metal from the surface. The common reagent used is nitric acid along with calculated amounts of hydrofluoric acid.
✍️ 1 mole of sulfur, S8 requires 48 moles of concentrated nitric acid. The reaction is given by S8 + 48HNO3 → 8H2SO4 + 48NO2 + 16H2O. 10, 4 and 20 moles of concentrated nitric acid is required to produce iodic acid, carbon dioxide and phosphoric acid from 1 mole of iodine, carbon and phosphorus, respectively.
✅ वैधुत रसायन
👉 वैद्युत ऊर्जा एवं रासायनिक ऊर्जा के परस्पर संबंध का अध्ययन रसायन विज्ञान की जिस शाखा मे किया जाता है। उसे वैद्युत रसायन कहते है।
सेल दो प्रकार का होता है:
(1) विद्युत रासायनिक सैल
(2) विद्युत अपघटनी सेल
1👉वह युक्ति जो रासायनिक ऊर्जा को विद्युत ऊर्जा में परिवर्तित करने का कार्य करती है उसे वैद्युत रासायनिक सेल कहलाता है , इस सेल को गेल्वनी अथवा वोल्टीय सेल भी कहा जाता है।
2👉वह सेल जो विद्युत ऊर्जा को रासायनिक ऊर्जा में परिवर्तित कर देता है , उसे विद्युत अपघटनी सेल कहते है
✅डेनियल सेल
इस सेल में दो छड ली जाती है एक छड Zn की अर्थात जिंक की और दूसरी छड Cu की अर्थात कॉपर की लेते है , जिंक की छड को जिंक सल्फेट (ZnSO4) के विलयन में रखा जाता है और कॉपर की छड को कॉपर सल्फेट (CuSO4) के विलयन में रखा जाता है।
दोनों अर्द्ध सेलो की विद्युत उदासीनता बनाये रखने के लिए अगर-अगर जेल से भरी एक u आकार की नली जोड़ी जाती है , इसको KCl द्वारा संतृप्त किया जाता है , इसे लवण सेतु (salt bridge) कहा जाता है।
जब जिंक और कॉपर की छड को किसी धातु के तार द्वारा जोड़ा जाता है तो यहाँ इलेक्ट्रान का प्रवाह जिंक छड से कॉपर छड की तरफ होता है , जिंक इलेक्ट्रॉन त्यागने के कारण Zn2+ आयन के रूप में विलयन में जाने लगता है और दूसरी तरफ कॉपर (Cu) , इलेक्ट्रॉन ग्रहण करने के कारण Cu2- आयन रूप में इलेक्ट्रोड पर जमा होने लगता है।
दोनों इलेक्ट्रोड पर निम्न अभिक्रियाएँ संपन्न होती है –
जिंक की छड पर या इलेक्ट्रोड पर संपन्न होने वाली अभिक्रिया निम्न है –
Zn → Zn2+ + 2e (ऑक्सीकरण)
कॉपर (Cu) की इलेक्ट्रोड पर संपन्न होने वाली अभिक्रिया –
Cu2+ + 2e → Cu (अपचयन)
दोनों इलेक्ट्रोड पर सम्मिलित रूप से अर्थात सम्पूर्ण सेल की सम्पूर्ण अभिक्रिया को निम्न प्रकार लिखा जा सकता है –
Zn + Cu2+ → Cu + Zn2+
याद रखे कि जिस छड पर ऑक्सीकरण होता है उस छड को एनोड (anode) तथा जिस छड पर अपचयन होता है उस छड को कैथोड (cathode) कहते है , यहाँ Zn वाली छड को एनोड कहा जता है और Cu वाली छड को कैथोड कहते है।
चूँकि यहाँ इलेक्ट्रॉन का प्रवाह जिंक छड से कॉपर की छड की तरह होता है और हम जानते है कि धारा की दिशा इलेक्ट्रॉनों के प्रवाह की दिशा के विपरीत होता है , इसलिए यहाँ धारा का प्रवाह कॉपर इलेक्ट्रोड से जिंक एलेक्ट्रोड़ की तरफ होता है।
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Electric Charges and Fields
1. Electric Charge Charge is the property associated with matter due to which it produces and experiences electric and magnetic effect.
2. Conductors and Insulators Those substances which readily allow the passage of electricity through them are called conductors, e.g. metals, the earth and those substances which offer high resistance to the passage of electricity are called insulators, e.g. plastic rod and nylon.
3. Transference of electrons is the cause of frictional electricity.
4. Additivity of Charges- Charge are scalars and they add up like real numbers. It means if a system consists of n charges q1, q2, q3 , … ,qn, then total charge of the system will be q1 +q2 + … +qn.
5. Conservation of Charge The total charge of an isolated system is always conserved, i.e. initial and final charge of the system will be same.
6. Quantisation of Charge -Charge exists in discrete amount rather than continuous value and hence, quantised.
Mathematically, charge on an object, q=±ne
where, n is an integer and e is electronic charge. When any physical quantity exists in discrete packets rather than in continuous amount, the quantity is said to be quantised. Hence, charge is quantised.
7. Units of Charge
(i) SI unit coulomb (C)
(ii) CGS system
(a) electrostatic unit, esu of charge or stat-coulomb (stat-C)
(b) electromagnetic unit, emu of charge or ab-C (ab-coulomb)
1 ab-C = 10 C, 1 C = 3 x 109 stat-C
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