UPSC & PCS NOTES

🇮🇳 Prime Minister of India – Constitutional Provisions 🇮🇳 UPSC Polity Quick Revision ✍️ 📌 Articles 74, 75 & 78 form the constitutional backbone of the Prime Minister’s office. 📌 PM is the real executive and head of the Council of Ministers. 📌 Collective Responsibility to Lok Sabha. 📌 Key link between the President and the Council of Ministers. 💡 UPSC Quick Trick: PM = 74, 75, 78

RANI GAIDINLIU

Only six states in India still have a fertility rate above the replacement level of 2.1 1) Bihar - 2.9 2) Uttar Pradesh - 2.6 3) Madhya Pradesh - 2.4 4) Rajasthan - 2.3 5) Jharkhand - 2.3 6) Chhattisgarh - 2.2

Birsa Munda

🔴 𝐆𝐃𝐏 (𝐆𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐬 𝐃𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭) 𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚 𝑮𝑫𝑷=𝑪+𝑰+𝑮+(𝑿−𝑴) Where: C = Consumption Expenditure (households) I = Investment Expenditure (businesses) G = Government Expenditure X = Exports M = Imports 🔖 Example If: C = ₹500 crore I = ₹200 crore G = ₹150 crore X = ₹100 crore M = ₹50 crore Then, GDP = 500 + 200 + 150 + (100 − 50) = ₹900 crore

Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification (1991-2020) Source: Hylk E Beck et al. Nature Scientific Data.

🚨 Important rates 🔸CRR - 3.00 % 🔸SLR - 18 % 🔸Repo Rate - 5.25 % 🔸SDF - 5.00 % 🔸Reverse repo - 3.35 % 🔸Bank rate - 5.50 % 🔸MSF - 5.50 %

Supreme Court recently recognised trauma care of citizens as an integral part of right to life under Article 21 of Constitution, passing interim directions in Savelife Foundation (2024) Writ Petition case.

SOILS OF INDIA

ISRO

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RED Sea

Q. Mr. Z, a civil servant, refused to favor a particular group while allocating government benefits and ensured that all eligible citizens received assistance based solely on prescribed criteria. Which principle is best illustrated here? (a) Equity (b) Loyalty (c) Delegation (d) Hierarchy

It may be Dangerous to be AMERICA'S Enemy, But to be AMERICA'S Friend is Fatal. ~ Henry Kissinger

Black sea