basic nursing knowledge

seminar on foot care for diabetic patients, you can cover topics like: 🌞Importance of Foot Care: Emphasize why diabetic foot care is crucial to prevent complications. 🌞Risk Factors: Discuss factors that increase the risk of foot issues in diabetic individuals. 🌞Daily Inspection: Teach how to perform daily foot inspections for early detection of problems. 🌞Proper Footwear: Highlight the importance of comfortable, well-fitting shoes to prevent injuries. 🌞Hygiene Practices: Emphasize the need for regular cleaning and moisturizing to prevent dryness and cracking. 🌞Nail Care: Discuss proper nail trimming techniques and the risks of ingrown toenails. 🌞Blood Circulation: Address the importance of good blood circulation and activities to promote it. 🌞When to Seek Help: Educate on signs that indicate a need for professional medical attention. 🌞Neuropathy Awareness: Discuss the impact of neuropathy on foot health and ways to manage it.

five types of chest injuries: 🌞Rib Fractures: Occur when one or more ribs are broken, often due to trauma. This can cause pain and difficulty breathing. 🌞Pneumothorax: A condition where air enters the pleural cavity, leading to lung collapse. This can result from chest trauma or underlying lung conditions. 🌞Flail Chest: Involves multiple rib fractures, causing a segment of the chest wall to move independently from the rest. It can compromise lung function. 🌞Cardiac Contusion: A bruise or injury to the heart muscle, often caused by a blunt chest trauma. It can affect the heart's ability to pump blood. 🌞Sternal Fractures: Fractures of the sternum (breastbone) that can occur from direct trauma to the front of the chest. This can be painful and may affect breathing.

Menstrual terms Oligomenorrhea= irregular, infrequent menstrual cycle more than 35 day in duration 👉 Polymenorrhoea = Regular and frequent menstrual cycle less than 21day in duration. 👉 Menorrhagia= Excessive menstrual blood loss more than 80 ml with normal duration of cycle 👉 Mettorhagea = Excessive irregular menstrual cycle with normal amount of menstrual blood loss. 👉 Hypomenorrhoea= decrease amount of blood loss Less than 20 ml and less than 2day in duration. 👉 Dysmenorrhea= Excessive painful menstrual bleeding with normal duration of menstrual cycle and normal amount of menstrual blood loss 👉 Cryptomenorrhoea = present of menstrual like symptoms but absence of menstrual bleeding {Most common course- Imperforate hymen}

ABOUT VIT C. Vitamin C deficiency, also known as scurvy, can lead to various health problems due to its essential role in collagen synthesis, antioxidant activity, and immune function. Here are five diseases or conditions associated with vitamin C deficiency, along with their symptoms: 1. Scurvy: - *Explanation:Scurvy is the classic disease associated with severe vitamin C deficiency. Collagen synthesis is impaired without sufficient vitamin C, leading to weakened blood vessels, skin, and connective tissues. - *Symptoms: Symptoms of scurvy include fatigue, weakness, swollen and bleeding gums, joint pain, easy bruising, slow wound healing, and hair follicle abnormalities. 2. Anemia: - *Explanation: Vitamin C deficiency can impair the absorption of dietary iron, leading to anemia, particularly iron-deficiency anemia. Iron is essential for the production of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood. - *Symptoms: Symptoms of anemia may include fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, pale skin, dizziness, headache, and cold hands and feet. 3. Impaired Wound Healing: - *Explanation: Vitamin C plays a crucial role in wound healing by promoting collagen synthesis and supporting immune function. A deficiency in vitamin C can impair the body's ability to repair damaged tissues. - *Symptoms:Slow wound healing, increased susceptibility to infections, and formation of poorly healed scars are common symptoms associated with impaired wound healing due to vitamin C deficiency. 4. Gingivitis and Tooth Loss: - *Explanation: Vitamin C deficiency weakens the connective tissues that support the gums and teeth, making them more susceptible to infection and damage. - *Symptoms: Symptoms may include bleeding gums, swollen and inflamed gums, loose teeth, and eventually tooth loss if left untreated. 5. Easy Bruising and Petechiae: - *Explanation: Vitamin C deficiency weakens blood vessels due to impaired collagen synthesis, making them more prone to rupture. This can lead to easy bruising (ecchymoses) and the formation of small, red or purple spots called petechiae. - *Symptoms: Easy bruising, particularly in areas with thin skin or high pressure, and the appearance of petechiae on the skin are common symptoms associated with vitamin C deficiency. Preventing vitamin C deficiency is essential for maintaining overall health and preventing these and other associated conditions. Consuming a diet rich in vitamin C-containing foods such as citrus fruits (like 🍋lemon) , strawberries, bell peppers, and broccoli can help meet daily vitamin C requirements.

CHN GOLDEN KEY POINT 1. JSSK launch 1st June 2011 2. NRHM start 5 April 2005 3. NUHM started 2008 4. 0.5 to 0.8 MG per litre fluoride is normal in drinking water 5. Under five clinic also known as well baby clinic 6. Salter scale used for low birth weight monitoring 7. VDRL test used for diagnosis of STD 8. Sick test used diphtheria 9. Classical dengue fever known as the break bone fever 10. Measles known as the rubella 11. Leprosy is another name is the Hansen disease 12. Diphtheria whooping cough transmitted by droplet infection 13. Tubectomy permanent contraceptive method in female 14. Vasectomy permanent contraceptive method of male 15. Red Cross Society founder Henry Duralt 1919 16. MMR maternal mortality rate birth and death registration act passed 1969 Birth registration time 21 days 17. Death registration time 21 days. 18. 8 my 1984 declared smallpox the world 19. Oral polio vaccine stored -20 degree temperature 20. in pregnancy pregnant mother given 2- TT dose 21. pulse polio immunization programme start 1995 22. transplacental vertical transmission ex- AIDS ,syphilis , torch 23. Hepatitis A. diarrhoea, Typhoid fever is transmitted by contaminated food and water 24. Dengue malaria Chikungunya Filaria ji Kala Azhar is a Vector Borne Disease Epidemic usually effective large population 25. Koplik spot are seen in measles 26. Mums is a acute infectious disease caused by an RNA virus paramyxo virus Poliomyelitis is caused by polio virus incubation 7 to 14 days 27. Qunien is the common treatment of Malaria 28. Slim disease also known as the HIV 29. Treatment of HIV giving anti retroviral drug Zidovudin 30. first case of HIV in Chennai 1986 31. Rabies is caused by Lassa virus Type- 1 found warm blooded animals like dog Census in done every 10 - year 1. census in India 1881 32. tragi system used in in disaster and Management 33. Silicosis is occupational disease show X-Ray in snowstorm 34. ESI act passed 1948 35. first generation intrauterine contraceptive device is a lippes loop 36. Second generation intrauterine device copper-T 200, prevent 5 year copper T 380 prevent 10 year pregnancy 37. 3rd Generation hormonal intrauterine device LNG (Marina) 38. Copper T instillation timing 7 to 10 days during menses ,first week after delivery , Bleeding is a commonest complication 39. Combined pills oestrogen progesterone example Mala- N and Mala D in Mala -N levonorgestrel 40. MTP Act was passed 1971 duration 12 week pregnancy RMP doctor 41. Mishon indradhanush start 26 December 2014 42. 2005- eradicate Polio in India 43. STD Disease Control Programme 1946 44. National Malaria Control Programme 1953 45. National leprosy Control Programme 1955 46. Mid day meal programme 1961 47. National Goiter Control Programme 1962 48. National Cancer Control Programme 1975 49. National blindness Control Programme 1976 50. National AIDS control programme 1987 51. Janani Suraksha Yojana 2005 52. Bhore committee – 1946 ( health survey and development committee) 53. Mudaliar committee -1962 ( health survey and planning committee ) 54. Kartar singh committee-1974 ( multi-purpose worker committee) 55. W H O -7 April 1948 headquarter in Geneva 56. UNICEF- 1946 Headquarter New York 57. UNDP -1966 Headquarter New York 58. Food and Agriculture Organisation -1945 headquarter RO 59. International Labour Organisation- 1919 headquarter Geneva 60. USAID -1961 headquarter Washington 61. International Red Cross Society -1919 headquarter Geneva 62. Indian Red Cross 1920 ( 700 branches in India work relief work milk and medical supply armed forces and services family planning blood bank and first aid) 63. Hind quekusth Nivaran Sangh 1950 Headquarter New Delhi

Clotting mechanism

#basic nursing knowledge • Term ‘Vaccination’: Edward Jenner • Term ‘Vaccine’: Louis Pasteur • Vaccines- Anthrax, Rabies: Louis Pasteur • First Polio Vaccine: Jonas Salk • Penicillin (First antibiotic): Alexander Fleming • Growth Chart: David Morley • Homeopathy: Samuel Hahnemann • Blood group types: Karl Landsteiner • Citrus fruits in prevention of Scurvy: James Lind • Transmission of Yellow fever: Walter Reed • Life cycle of Plasmodium: Ronald Ross  First Country Honours • First country to socialize medicine completely: Russia • First country to introduce compulsory sickness insurance: Germany • First country to start family planning programme: India • First country to start blindness control programme: India • First country to establish finger printing bureau: India (Calcutta, 1897) IFA – SUPPLIMENTATION --   ACC. To ANEMIA MUKT BHARAT ( 2018-2022)   6-59 month children – 20mg + 100mcg – Biweekly – bottle – 50ml  5-9 years children  - 45 mg + 400 mcg – weekly – pink colour tablet  10-19 years adolescent  - 60  mg + 500mcg – weekly – blue colour tab.  20-49 years women ( non-preg) – 60 mg + 500 mcg – weekly – red colour tab  Preg. ,lactating mothers -   60 mg + 500 mcg – Daily  – red colour tab  Smallpox Eradication • Last case of smallpox in world: 26th October 1977 (Somalia) • WHO declared global eradication of smallpox: 8th May 1980 • Last indigenous case of smallpox in India: 17th May 1975 (Bihar) • Last known case of smallpox in India: 24th May 1975 (Importation from Bangladesh) • India declared smallpox free: April 1977  Few Important Diseases in Public Health  • Father of Public Health: Cholera • Barometer of Social Welfare: Tuberculosis • Slims’ Disease: HIV/AIDS Black Sickness: Kala Azar (Leishmaniasis) • Black Death: Plague • Cerebrospinal fever: Meningococcal meningitis • Break-bone fever: Dengue • Monkey fever/ disease: KFD (Kyasanur Forest Disease) • 5-day fever: Trench fever • 8th day disease: Tetanus neonatorum • 100-day cough: Pertussis (Whooping cough) • Koch’s Phenomenon: Tuberculosis • Hansen’s disease: Leprosy • Rubeola: Measles • Rubella: German measles • Rubula: Mumps