DevOps & Cloud (AWS, AZURE, GCP) Tech Free Learning

🖥 DevOps Engineer Interview Questions at Stripe ❓ ⚡️ Round 1 - Infrastructure & Reliability at Scale 1. Stripe runs payments across multiple regions with active-active architecture. How would you ensure transaction consistency and prevent drift during partial regional failovers? 2. Your team reports slow API response times, but CPU, memory, and request volume look stable. What non-obvious infra metrics do you check before suspecting the app layer? 3. You’re asked to migrate a Terraform backend from S3 to GCS without breaking concurrent CI pipelines. How do you plan for state locking, parallel applies, and drift protection during migration? 4. A new container image passed CI but failed readiness probes in production. No logs, no crashloops - just hangs. How would you debug this, step by step? 5. Describe your zero-downtime strategy for rolling out config changes to Nginx ingress across 500+ services, when 20% of traffic is long-lived HTTP connections. ⚡️ Round 2 - Incident Simulation & RCA 1. Payments API latency spikes by 600ms only in one region. No new deploys. DNS propagation, load balancers, and instances are all healthy. Where do you start your RCA? 2. You rolled out a new sidecar container for caching, and suddenly, Redis connection resets appear intermittently. What’s your hypothesis, and how do you prove or disprove it? 3. One of your CI runners keeps deleting the /tmp directory during builds, breaking workflows. Walk through your isolation, tracing, and mitigation steps. 4. During an SRE review, your system passes SLO targets but still experiences user complaints. What hidden reliability gaps could explain this discrepancy? ⚡️ Round 3 - Reliability Leadership & Culture 1. How would you build a postmortem process that improves velocity without creating fear? 2. You’re asked to roll out service-level chaos testing across payments infra. How do you choose test boundaries without risking actual transactions? 3. What does “reliability” mean when the cost of one incident equals $5M in transactions? 4️⃣ 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐦𝐞 𝐨𝐧 𝐆𝐢𝐭𝐇𝐮𝐛 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐬 : https://github.com/NotHarshhaa 📱 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 @prodevopsguy 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐥𝐨𝐮𝐝 & 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬!!! // 𝐉𝐨𝐢𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬 𝐃𝐎𝐂𝐬: @devopsdocs

100 Terms & Services which every DevOps ♾ Engineer should be aware of: 1. Continuous Integration (CI): Automates code integration. 2. Continuous Deployment (CD): Automated code deployment. 3. Version Control System (VCS): Manages code versions. 4. Git: Distributed version control. 5. Jenkins: Automation server for CI/CD. 6. Build Automation: Automates code compilation. 7. Artifact: Build output package. 8. Maven: Build and project management. 9. Gradle: Build automation tool. 10. Containerization: Application packaging and isolation. 11. Docker: Containerization platform. 12. Kubernetes: Container orchestration. 13. Orchestration: Automated coordination of components. 14. Microservices: Architectural design approach. 15. Infrastructure as Code (IaC): Manage infrastructure programmatically. 16. Terraform: IaC provisioning tool. 17. Ansible: IaC automation tool. 18. Chef: IaC automation tool. 19. Puppet: IaC automation tool. 20. Configuration Management: Automates infrastructure configurations. 21. Monitoring: Observing system behavior. 22. Alerting: Notifies on issues. 23. Logging: Recording system events. 24. ELK Stack: Log management tools. 25. Prometheus: Monitoring and alerting toolkit. 26. Grafana: Visualization platform. 27. Application Performance Monitoring (APM): Monitors app performance. 28. Load Balancing: Distributes traffic evenly. 29. Reverse Proxy: Forwards client requests. 30. NGINX: Web server and reverse proxy. 31. Apache: Web server and reverse proxy. 32. Serverless Architecture: Code execution without servers. 33. AWS Lambda: Serverless compute service. 34. Azure Functions: Serverless compute service. 35. Google Cloud Functions: Serverless compute service. 36. Infrastructure Orchestration: Automates infrastructure deployment. 37. AWS CloudFormation: IaC for AWS. 38. Azure Resource Manager (ARM): IaC for Azure. 39. Google Cloud Deployment Manager: IaC for GCP. 40. Continuous Testing: Automated testing at all stages. 41. Unit Testing: Tests individual components. 42. Integration Testing: Tests component interactions. 43. System Testing: Tests entire system. 44. Performance Testing: Evaluates system speed. 45. Security Testing: Identifies vulnerabilities. 46. DevSecOps: Integrates security in DevOps. 47. Code Review: Inspection for quality. 48. Static Code Analysis: Examines code without execution. 49. Dynamic Code Analysis: Analyzes running code. 50. Dependency Management: Handles code dependencies. 51. Artifact Repository: Stores and manages artifacts. 52. Nexus: Repository manager. 53. JFrog Artifactory: Repository manager. 54. Continuous Monitoring: Real-time system observation. 55. Incident Response: Manages system incidents. 56. Site Reliability Engineering (SRE): Ensures system reliability. 57. Collaboration Tools: Facilitates team communication. 58. Slack: Team messaging platform. 59. Microsoft Teams: Collaboration platform. 60. ChatOps: Collaborative development through chat. ✈️ 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 @prodevopsguy 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐥𝐨𝐮𝐝 & 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬!!! // 𝐉𝐨𝐢𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬 𝐃𝐎𝐂𝐬: @devopsdocs

🚀 Update: Helm Documentation Expanded 📘 Project: Certified Kubernetes Administrator 🛠 Update: Expanded the Helm README with a new section on Best Practices and Common Workflows. ✨ Highlights: Added detailed guidelines for chart development, testing, security, and deployment strategies. * Included CI integration and chart testing best practices to boost reliability. * Updated Helm version comparison to cover Helm 4 features and improvements. 📈 This update enhances clarity and ensures consistency with modern Helm workflows.

🔖 I call it 'DevOps Day 0' Roadmap 👇 ⚡️Linux: File Systems, Package Management, Systemd, Permissions, Logs, Disk and Process Management ⚡️Networking: TCP/IP, DNS, HTTP/S, VPN, Load Balancers, Firewalls, Network Protocols, Subnetting ⚡️Database: SQL vs. NoSQL, ACID Properties, Scalability, Data Modeling ⚡️Security: Encryption, Authentication, Authorization, OWASP Top 10, Security Policies, Risk Assessment, Compliance Standards (like GDPR, HIPAA). ⚡️Storage: Block Storage, Object Storage, File Storage, NAS, SAN, SSD vs. HDD. ⚡️Cache: In-memory Caches (Redis, Memcached), CDN, Cache Invalidation, Write-through vs. Write-back Cache, Cache Hit Ratio. ⚡️DR: Backup and Restore, Pilot Light, Warm Standby, Multi-site, RTO (Recovery Time Objective), RPO (Recovery Point Objective).

DevOps is 20% building, 80% optimizing and operating. Get the 'Day 0' basics right before jumping into tools.

📱 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 @prodevopsguy 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐥𝐨𝐮𝐝 & 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬!!! // 𝐉𝐨𝐢𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬 𝐃𝐎𝐂𝐬: @devopsdocs

🚀 DevOps Environment Toolkit for Beginners One-click setup for your DevOps learning journey 💻 Get all essential tools installed and configured on your local machine — in just minutes! ✨ What It Does: This lightweight toolkit automatically installs and configures the most essential DevOps tools you need to start learning — no complex setup, no headaches. Perfect for beginners who want to *learn by doing* 🧠 🛠 Tools Included: Version Control: Git — Code versioning with helpful aliases Containerization: Docker, Docker Compose — Container management & orchestration Orchestration: Kubernetes (kubectl + Minikube) — Local K8s setup Infrastructure: Terraform — Infrastructure as Code Configuration: Ansible — Automation & configuration management Development: VS Code — Preloaded with DevOps extensions Cloud CLI: AWS CLI, Azure CLI — Multi-cloud management tools 🔗 Quick Start: 👉 Get Started Now // GitHub Source 🎯 Key Features: 🚀 One-click local installation (Windows / macOS / Linux) ⚡️ Lightning-fast setup — ready in minutes 🎨 Pre-configured with beginner-friendly defaults 🔧 Fully customizable & extendable 🛡 Safe, rollback-supported installation 📊 Progress tracking, health checks & reports 📚 Learning-focused with clear docs and examples 🌐 More Info: 🔗 https://devops-environment-toolkit.vercel.app 💡 Perfect for students, DevOps beginners, and anyone who wants to kickstart their DevOps journey the easy way!

♾ DevOps Zero to Hero ♾ 🖥 AWS Zero to Hero Course 🔠https://lnkd.in/dgZ446me 🖥 DevOps Zero to Hero Course 🔠https://lnkd.in/dbfYhieG 🖥 Terraform Zero to Hero 🔠https://lnkd.in/dafDXUh6 🖥 Docker 🔠https://lnkd.in/dV2myVq6 🖥 Kubernetes 🔠https://lnkd.in/dynrCFVy 🖥 Observability Zero to Hero 🔠https://lnkd.in/dHwdSa4W 🖥 Azure Zero to Hero 🔠https://lnkd.in/d3PCGrrA 🖥 What is CICD ? 🔠https://lnkd.in/d7EN3Ymi 🖥 Jenkins ZERO to HERO 🔠https://lnkd.in/dvPCQ9XZ 🖥 Real-Time Projects for DevOps and Cloud 🔠https://lnkd.in/dtuqFPNQ 🖥 GitOps & Argo CD 🔠https://lnkd.in/dBCpzJ5f 🖥 Python for DevOps 🔠https://lnkd.in/dewqThFz 🖥 Shell Scripting for DevOps 🔠https://lnkd.in/dbXVPbyT 🖥 Ansible Zero to Hero 🔠https://lnkd.in/df_Gnn74 🖥 Real DevOps Podcasts 🔠https://lnkd.in/ds6XAx_S 📱 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 @prodevopsguy 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐥𝐨𝐮𝐝 & 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬!!! // 𝐉𝐨𝐢𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬 𝐃𝐎𝐂𝐬: @devopsdocs

🚀 Essential Docker Commands for DevOps Engineers 🐳 📌 Docker Basics: - docker --version: Check Docker version. - docker info: Get system-wide information. - docker help: Get help with Docker commands. 📌 Container Lifecycle: - docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]: Run a container. - docker ps: List running containers. - docker ps -a: List all containers. - docker stop CONTAINER: Stop a running container. - docker start CONTAINER: Start a stopped container. - docker restart CONTAINER: Restart a container. - docker rm CONTAINER: Remove a container. - docker kill CONTAINER: Kill a running container. 📌 Images: - docker images: List images. - docker pull IMAGE: Pull an image from a registry. - docker build -t TAG .: Build an image from a Dockerfile. - docker rmi IMAGE: Remove an image. 📌 Networking: - docker network ls: List networks. - docker network create NETWORK: Create a network. - docker network connect NETWORK CONTAINER: Connect a container to a network. - docker network disconnect NETWORK CONTAINER: Disconnect a container from a network. 📌 Volumes: - docker volume ls: List volumes. - docker volume create VOLUME: Create a volume. - docker volume rm VOLUME: Remove a volume. 📌 Docker Compose: - docker-compose up: Start services defined in a Compose file. - docker-compose down: Stop services defined in a Compose file. - docker-compose build: Build or rebuild services. - docker-compose logs: View output from services. 📌 Inspect & Logs: - docker inspect CONTAINER/IMAGE: Display detailed information. - docker logs CONTAINER: Fetch the logs of a container. - docker exec -it CONTAINER bash: Access a running container. Stay efficient and automate smartly! 💪 ⚡️ 𝗙𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗼𝘄 @prodevopsguy 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐥𝐨𝐮𝐝 & 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬!!! // 𝐉𝐨𝐢𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬 𝐃𝐎𝐂𝐬: @devopsdocs

👉 𝐇𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐨𝐦𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐨𝐧 𝐆𝐢𝐭 𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐫𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐛𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐟: 🆘 1. 𝐄𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐫: "𝐟𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐥: 𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐚 𝐠𝐢𝐭 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲"   - 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: Check that you are in the correct directory with a Git repository, or initialize a new repository using 𝐠𝐢𝐭 𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐭. 🆘 2. 𝐄𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐫: "𝐘𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐛𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐡 𝐢𝐬 𝐚𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐝/𝐛𝐞𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐝 '𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐧/𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫' 𝐛𝐲 𝐗 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐢𝐭𝐬"   - 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: Use 𝐠𝐢𝐭 𝐩𝐮𝐥𝐥 to update your local branch with the remote branch or 𝐠𝐢𝐭 𝐩𝐮𝐬𝐡 to push your changes to the remote branch. 🆘 3. 𝐄𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐫: "𝐌𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐭"   - 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: Resolve conflicts manually in the conflicting files, then use 𝐠𝐢𝐭 𝐚𝐝𝐝 to stage the changes, and commit them. 🆘 4. 𝐄𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐫: "𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐢𝐭 𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐲𝐧𝐜 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐨𝐭𝐞 𝐛𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐡"   - 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: Use  𝐠𝐢𝐭 𝐩𝐮𝐥𝐥 to get the latest changes from the remote branch and then commit your changes. 🆘 5. 𝐄𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐫: "𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐝 (𝐩𝐮𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐞𝐲)"   - 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: Ensure your SSH key is added to your SSH agent and associated with your Git account. 🆘 6. 𝐄𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐫: "𝐟𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐥: 𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐨𝐭𝐞 𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐧 𝐚𝐥𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐲 𝐞𝐱𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐬"   - 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: Update the remote's URL using 𝐠𝐢𝐭 𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐨𝐭𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐭-𝐮𝐫𝐥 𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐧 <𝐧𝐞𝐰_𝐮𝐫𝐥>. 🆘 7. 𝐄𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐫: "𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐫: 𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐡𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜 '𝐟𝐢𝐥𝐞' 𝐝𝐢𝐝 𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡 𝐚𝐧𝐲 𝐟𝐢𝐥𝐞(𝐬) 𝐤𝐧𝐨𝐰𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐠𝐢𝐭"   - 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: Check the spelling and case of the file name and ensure it's part of the repository. 🆘 8. 𝐄𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐫: "𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐢𝐭 𝐦𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐦𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠"   - 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: Provide a commit message using  𝐠𝐢𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐢𝐭 -𝐦 "Your message here". 🆘 9. 𝐄𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐫: "𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠: 𝐋𝐅 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐂𝐑𝐋𝐅"   - 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: Configure line endings using .𝐠𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐮𝐭𝐞𝐬 or global Git configuration. 🆘 10. 𝐄𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐫: "𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐫: 𝐘𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐟𝐢𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐰𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐛𝐞 𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐰𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐧 𝐛𝐲 𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐞"   - 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: Stash your local changes with 𝐠𝐢𝐭 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐬𝐡, then perform the merge, and finally apply your changes back with 𝐠𝐢𝐭 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐬𝐡 𝐚𝐩𝐩𝐥𝐲. Remember that these are just brief solutions. The specific actions needed may vary based on the context of the error and the state of your Git repository. ❤️ 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 @prodevopsguy 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐥𝐨𝐮𝐝 & 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬!!! // 𝐉𝐨𝐢𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬 𝐃𝐎𝐂𝐬: @devopsdocs

🚀 Top Terraform Commands Every DevOps Engineer Must Know 🔹 If you’re preparing for DevOps interviews or working on real-world infrastructure automation, mastering Terraform CLI commands is a must-have skill. Here’s a complete list of the most-used Terraform commands. 🔹 Basic Setup & Initialization terraform -version → Check Terraform version terraform init → Initialize working directory with required plugins & providers terraform validate → Validate syntax & configuration files terraform fmt → Format Terraform code in standard style terraform providers → Show all providers used in the configuration 🔹 Plan, Apply & Destroy terraform plan → Show what changes will be made before applying terraform apply → Apply infrastructure changes terraform destroy → Delete all resources created by Terraform terraform apply -auto-approve → Skip approval step terraform plan -out=tfplan → Save plan output to a file 🔹 Workspace & Environment Management terraform workspace list → List all workspaces terraform workspace new dev → Create a new workspace terraform workspace select dev → Switch to specific workspace terraform workspace delete dev → Delete workspace 🔹 State File Management (Critical for DevOps) terraform show → Show current state or plan terraform state list → List all resources tracked in state terraform state show <resource> → Show details of a specific resource terraform state rm <resource> → Remove resource from state terraform refresh → Update state file with real resource data terraform taint <resource> → Mark a resource for recreation terraform untaint <resource> → Undo taint 🔹 Variable & Output Management terraform output → Show output variables terraform output -json → Show outputs in JSON format terraform apply -var="instance_type=t2.micro" → Pass variable from CLI terraform plan -var-file="dev.tfvars" → Use variable file 🔹 Backend & Remote State (Used in DevOps Pipelines) terraform init -backend-config="backend.hcl" → Initialize backend configuration terraform state pull → Download remote state terraform state push → Upload local state to remote 🔹 Module Management terraform get → Download modules terraform init -upgrade → Upgrade modules & providers terraform graph → Visualize dependency graph 🔹 Cleanup & Troubleshooting terraform fmt -recursive → Format all .tf files recursively terraform validate → Detect configuration issues early terraform apply -refresh-only → Refresh state without changing infra terraform force-unlock <LOCK_ID> → Unlock a stuck state file 🔹Useful in CI/CD Pipelines terraform plan -input=false -out=tfplan → Non-interactive plan for pipelines terraform apply -input=false tfplan → Apply pre-generated plan terraform fmt -check → Check formatting in GitHub Actions terraform validate → Validate configs automatically in CI 📱 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐦𝐞 𝐨𝐧 𝐆𝐢𝐭𝐇𝐮𝐛 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐬 : https://github.com/NotHarshhaa 📱 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 @prodevopsguy 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐥𝐨𝐮𝐝 & 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬!!! // 𝐉𝐨𝐢𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬 𝐃𝐎𝐂𝐬: @devopsdocs

Basic 📱 Git Flow in DevOps ♾ CI-CD! 1️⃣. Developer Creates Feature Branch: The developer creates a new feature branch and is used to work on a new feature or a specific task. 2️⃣. Developer Writes Code: The developer writes the necessary code for the feature in their local development environment. 3️⃣. Developer Commits Changes: Once the developer is satisfied with the changes, they commit the changes to the feature branch in the local Git repository. 4️⃣. Developer Creates Pull Request: The developer pushes the committed changes by creating a pull request to merge the feature branch into the main branch. 5️⃣. Code Review by Team: The pull request initiates a code review process where team members review the changes. 6️⃣. Approval of Pull Request: After addressing any feedback and making necessary adjustments, the pull request is approved by the reviewers. 7️⃣. Merge to Main Branch: The approved pull request is merged into the main branch of the Git repository. 8️⃣. Triggers CI/CD Pipeline: This automation ensures that the changes are continuously integrated and deployed. 9️⃣. Then we follow the procedure for building and testing the code, deploying to staging env. Once the tests in the staging environment pass, a manual approval is required to deploy the changes to the production environment. Once the code is deployed to production env, the prod env is monitored using Prometheus to track the performance and health of the application. The collected metrics are visualized using Grafana. Finally alerts are configured. ❤️ 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 @prodevopsguy 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐥𝐨𝐮𝐝 & 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬!!! // 𝐉𝐨𝐢𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬 𝐃𝐎𝐂𝐬: @devopsdocs

🚨 Production-Level Errors in DevOps – What We See Frequently 🚨 Every DevOps engineer knows that “production” is the ultimate truth.” No matter how good your pipelines, tests, and staging environments are, production has its own surprises. Common production issues in DevOps: 1. CrashLoopBackOff Pods → Due to misconfigured environment variables, missing dependencies, or bad application code. 2. ImagePullBackOff → Wrong Docker image tag, private registry auth failure. 3. OOMKilled → Container exceeds memory limits. 4. CPU Throttling → Poorly tuned CPU requests/limits or noisy neighbors on the same node. 5. Insufficient IP Addresses → Pod IP exhaustion in VPC/CNI networking. 6. DNS Resolution Failures → CoreDNS issues, network policy misconfigurations. 7. Database Latency/Connection Leaks → Max connections hit, slow queries blocking requests. 8. SSL/TLS Certificate Expiry → Forgot renewal (ACM, Let’s Encrypt). 9. PersistentVolume Stuck in Pending → Storage class misconfigured or no nodes with matching storage. 10. Node Disk Pressure → Nodes running out of disk, causing pod evictions. 11. Node NotReady / Node Evictions → Node failures, taints not handled, or auto-scaling misconfig. 12. Configuration Drift → Infra changes in production not matching Git/IaC. 13. Secrets Mismanagement → Expired API keys, secrets not rotated, or exposed secrets in logs. 14. CI/CD Pipeline Failures → Failed deployments due to missing rollback or bad build artifacts. 15. High Latency in Services → Caused by poor load balancing, bad code, or overloaded services. 16. Network Partition / Split-Brain → Nodes unable to communicate due to firewall/VPC routing issues. 17. Service Discovery Failures → Misconfigured Ingress, Service, or DNS policies. 18. Canary/Blue-Green Deployment Failures → Incorrect traffic shifting causing downtime. 19. Health Probe Misconfiguration → Wrong liveness/readiness probes causing healthy pods to restart. 20. Pod Pending State → Due to resource limits (CPU/Memory not available in cluster). 21. Log Flooding / Noisy Logs → Excessive logging consuming storage or making troubleshooting harder. 22. Alert Fatigue → Too many false alerts causing critical issues to be missed. 23. Node Autoscaling Failures → Cluster Autoscaler unable to provision new nodes due to quota limits. 24. Security Incidents → Unrestricted IAM roles, exposed ports, or unpatched CVEs in container images. 25. Rate Limiting from External APIs → Hitting external service limits, leading to app failures. 26. Time Sync Issues (NTP drift) → Application failures due to inconsistent timestamps across systems. 27. Application Memory Leaks → App not releasing memory, leading to gradual OOMKills. 28. Indexing Issues in ELK/Databases → Queries slowing down due to unoptimized indexing. 29. Cloud Provider Quota Limits → Hitting AWS/Azure/GCP service limits. 📱 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐦𝐞 𝐨𝐧 𝐆𝐢𝐭𝐇𝐮𝐛 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐬 : https://github.com/NotHarshhaa 📱 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 @prodevopsguy 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐥𝐨𝐮𝐝 & 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬!!! // 𝐉𝐨𝐢𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬 𝐃𝐎𝐂𝐬: @devopsdocs

🐬 Kubernetes Commands: From Beginner to Advanced for DevOps Engineers 🖥 https://dev.to/prodevopsguytech/kubernetes-commands-for-devops-engineers-124o 🎯 Key Concepts Before we dive into the commands, let's review some fundamental Kubernetes concepts: ➡️Pod: The smallest and simplest Kubernetes object, representing a single instance of a running process in your cluster. ➡️Node: A worker machine in Kubernetes, which can be a virtual or a physical machine. ➡️Namespace: A way to divide cluster resources between multiple users. ➡️Deployment: A higher-level abstraction that manages a replicated application, ensuring that a specified number of replicas are running. ➡️Service: An abstraction that defines a logical set of pods and a policy by which to access them. ➡️ConfigMap and Secret: Mechanisms to inject configuration data into your applications ✈️ 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 @prodevopsguy 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐥𝐨𝐮𝐝 & 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬!!! // 𝐉𝐨𝐢𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬 𝐃𝐎𝐂𝐬: @devopsdocs

➡️ 𝐃𝐨𝐜𝐤𝐞𝐫𝐟𝐢𝐥𝐞 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬: - FROM: Sets the base image. - RUN: Executes commands in the container. - MAINTAINER: Identifies the image creator. - LABEL: Adds metadata. - ADD: Copies files (supports URLs). - COPY: Copies files (no URLs). - VOLUME: Creates a shared mount point. - EXPOSE: Specifies listening port. - WORKDIR: Sets the working directory. - USER: Defines the user for processes. - STOPSIGNAL: Specifies stop signal. - ENTRYPOINT: Sets the start command. - CMD: Sets the default command. - ENV: Sets environment variables. ➡️ 𝐃𝐨𝐜𝐤𝐞𝐫 𝐑𝐮𝐧 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐬: - --name: Names the container. - -v, --volume: Mounts a volume. - --network: Connects to a network. - -d, --detach: Runs in background. - -i, --interactive: Keeps STDIN open. - -t, --tty: Allocates a pseudo-TTY. - --rm: Auto-removes container on exit. - -e, --env: Sets environment variables. - --restart: Sets restart policy. ➡️ 𝐂𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐃𝐨𝐜𝐤𝐞𝐫 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐬: - Docker Image: Read-only snapshot of a container. - Docker Container: Executable package with software and dependencies. - Docker Client: Tool to interact with Docker. - Docker Daemon: Service managing Docker objects. - Docker Registry: Storage for Docker images. ✈️ 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 @prodevopsguy 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐥𝐨𝐮𝐝 & 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬!!! // 𝐉𝐨𝐢𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬 𝐃𝐎𝐂𝐬: @devopsdocs

🚀 From Docker to Kubernetes [v2.2.0] Release 🔥 Big new drop! We've added advanced topics and real-world strategies across Docker & Kubernetes—take your skills to the next level! 👨‍💻⚙️ 🐳 Docker Section – Expanded! ➕ Added Docker Quantum Computing Support for containerizing and managing quantum workloads ➕ Added Docker Edge Computing Patterns for optimized edge deployment strategies ☸️ Kubernetes Section – Leveled Up! ➕ Added Kubernetes Quantum Workload Management for orchestrating quantum computing resources ➕ Added Kubernetes Edge Computing Integration for advanced edge deployment patterns 📌 Dive in now & level up your DevOps journey! ➗ dockertokubernetes.live ✉️ Read more about v2.2.0: https://www.dockertokubernetes.live/blog/v2-2 📱 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐦𝐞 𝐨𝐧 𝐆𝐢𝐭𝐇𝐮𝐛 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐬 : https://github.com/NotHarshhaa 📱 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 @prodevopsguy 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐥𝐨𝐮𝐝 & 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬!!! // 𝐉𝐨𝐢𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬 𝐃𝐎𝐂𝐬: @devopsdocs

🚀 Big Announcement! 🚀 After the overwhelming success of our DevOps Projects repo (💫 2.7k+ Stars ⭐️ & 2.6k+ Forks 🍴 on 📱 GitHub) ⏩ DevOps-Projects: https://github.com/NotHarshhaa/DevOps-Projects we’re excited to launch a brand new repository: ✨ 𝑨𝑾𝑺 𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒍 𝑾𝒐𝒓𝒍𝒅 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒋𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒔 ✨ for all aspiring AWS Cloud Engineers — from Beginners → Advanced. 📂 Explore hands-on AWS projects designed to strengthen your skills and prepare you for real-world challenges in cloud engineering. 📱 Check it out here: https://github.com/NotHarshhaa/AWS-Projects Let’s build, learn, and grow in the cloud together ☁️💪 📱 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 @prodevopsguy 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐥𝐨𝐮𝐝 & 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬!!! // 𝐉𝐨𝐢𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬 𝐃𝐎𝐂𝐬: @devopsdocs

🚀 AWS Project 01: Infrastructure as Code (IaC) with Terraform to host a simple web server in AWS (Beginners) 🌐 In this beginner-friendly project, we deploy a simple web server on AWS using Terraform! ⚡️ You’ll learn how to: ✅ Provision an EC2 instance via code ✅ Host a web server (Apache HTTP Server) ✅ Make it accessible over the internet 🌍 🔧 Technologies Used: ⏩ AWS – Cloud infrastructure ⏩ Terraform – Infrastructure as Code ⏩ Apache HTTP Server – Web server 📂 Project Repository: 📱 https://github.com/NotHarshhaa/AWS-Projects/tree/master/AWS-Project-01 Perfect for beginners to get hands-on with AWS + Terraform! 🚀 📱 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 @prodevopsguy 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐥𝐨𝐮𝐝 & 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬!!! // 𝐉𝐨𝐢𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬 𝐃𝐎𝐂𝐬: @devopsdocs

🌐 Here are 30 GitHub commands that are every DevOps Engineer to know. 1. 𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘁: Initializes a new Git repository in the current directory. 2. 𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝗰𝗹𝗼𝗻𝗲 [𝘂𝗿𝗹]: Clones a repository into a new directory. 3. 𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝗮𝗱𝗱 [𝗳𝗶𝗹𝗲]: Adds a file or changes in a file to the staging area. 4. 𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗶𝘁 -𝗺 "[𝗺𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗮𝗴𝗲]": Records changes to the repository with a descriptive message. 5. 𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝗽𝘂𝘀𝗵: Uploads local repository content to a remote repository. 6. 𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝗽𝘂𝗹𝗹: Fetches changes from the remote repository and merges them into the local branch. 7. 𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘁𝘂𝘀: Displays the status of the working directory and staging area. 8. 𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝗯𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗵: Lists all local branches in the current repository. 9. 𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗰𝗸𝗼𝘂𝘁 [𝗯𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗵]: Switches to the specified branch. 10. 𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗲 [𝗯𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗵]: Merges the specified branch's history into the current branch. 11. 𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗼𝘁𝗲 -𝘃: Lists the remote repositories along with their URLs. 12. 𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝗹𝗼𝗴: Displays commit logs. 13. 𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗲𝘁 [𝗳𝗶𝗹𝗲]: Unstages the file, but preserves its contents. 14. 𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝗿𝗺 [𝗳𝗶𝗹𝗲]: Deletes the file from the working directory and stages the deletion. 15. 𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘀𝗵: Temporarily shelves (or stashes) changes that haven't been committed. 16. 𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝘁𝗮𝗴 [𝘁𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗮𝗺𝗲]: Creates a lightweight tag pointing to the current commit. 17. 𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝗳𝗲𝘁𝗰𝗵 [𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗼𝘁𝗲]: Downloads objects and refs from another repository. 18. 𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗲 --𝗮𝗯𝗼𝗿𝘁: Aborts the current conflict resolution process, and tries to reconstruct the pre-merge state. 19. 𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝗿𝗲𝗯𝗮𝘀𝗲 [𝗯𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗵]: Reapplies commits on top of another base tip, often used to integrate changes from one branch onto another cleanly. 20. 𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗳𝗶𝗴 --𝗴𝗹𝗼𝗯𝗮𝗹 𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗿.𝗻𝗮𝗺𝗲 "[𝗻𝗮𝗺𝗲]" 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗳𝗶𝗴 --𝗴𝗹𝗼𝗯𝗮𝗹 𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗿.𝗲𝗺𝗮𝗶𝗹 "[𝗲𝗺𝗮𝗶𝗹]": Sets the name and email to be used with your commits. 21. 𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝗱𝗶𝗳𝗳: Shows changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc. 22. 𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗼𝘁𝗲 𝗮𝗱𝗱 [𝗻𝗮𝗺𝗲] [𝘂𝗿𝗹]: Adds a new remote repository. 23. 𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗼𝘁𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗼𝘃𝗲 [𝗻𝗮𝗺𝗲]: Removes a remote repository. 24. 𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗰𝗸𝗼𝘂𝘁 -𝗯 [𝗯𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗵]: Creates a new branch and switches to it. 25. 𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝗯𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗵 -𝗱 [𝗯𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗵]: Deletes the specified branch. 26. 𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝗽𝘂𝘀𝗵 --𝘁𝗮𝗴𝘀: Pushes all tags to the remote repository. 27. 𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗿𝘆-𝗽𝗶𝗰𝗸 [𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗶𝘁]: Picks a commit from another branch and applies it to the current branch. 28. 𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝗳𝗲𝘁𝗰𝗵 --𝗽𝗿𝘂𝗻𝗲: Prunes remote tracking branches no longer on the remote. 29. 𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝗰𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗻 -𝗱𝗳: Removes untracked files and directories from the working directory. 30. 𝗴𝗶𝘁 𝘀𝘂𝗯𝗺𝗼𝗱𝘂𝗹𝗲 𝘂𝗽𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗲 --𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘁 --𝗿𝗲𝗰𝘂𝗿𝘀𝗶𝘃𝗲: Initializes and updates submodules recursively. 🎄 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 @prodevopsguy 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐥𝐨𝐮𝐝 & 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬!!! // 𝐉𝐨𝐢𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐎𝐩𝐬 𝐃𝐎𝐂𝐬: @devopsdocs