3rd stage MCQs

مرحبا طلاب اكو طالبة ويانة والدتها شوية صحتها تعبانة ف ادعولها. وايضا سوينا ختمة بنية شفائها الي يكدر يقرا لايقصر خل يختار جزء من الرابط الجوة حتى نعرف شنو الاجزاء المأخوذة وشنو الممأخوذة 🍃 ختمة قرآن لشفاء 🍃 https://khatmatquran.com/khatma/65969767ba9c1

امسكيوات من جات GPT من الملازم الخاصة بينا. الامسكيوات كلهن المفروض بمستوى صعب تبقى بس نقطة تأكدوا اذا اكو نقطة مكررة لو حلها غلط فمن يمكم عدلوها. ملزمة١ https://t.me/microomcqs/237 ملزمة ٢ https://t.me/microomcqs/239 ملزمة٣ https://t.me/microomcqs/242 ملزمة ٤ https://t.me/microomcqs/245 ملزمة ٥ https://t.me/microomcqs/248 ملزمة ٦ https://t.me/microomcqs/251 ملزمة ٧ https://t.me/microomcqs/254 ملزمة ٨ https://t.me/microomcqs/258 ملزمة ٩ https://t.me/microomcqs/261

Answer: a) Enlarged thyroid due to iodine deficiency 18. Which of the following glands is referred to as the "master gland"? a) Thyroid b) Pituitary c) Adrenals d) Gonads Answer: b) Pituitary 19. In which cells does insulin stimulate glycogen synthesis? a) Liver cells b) Muscle cells c) Adipose cells d) Pancreatic cells Answer: a) Liver cells 20. What is the term for a swelling within a normal thyroid gland? a) Thyroiditis b) Hyperthyroidism c) Goiter d) Thyroid nodules Answer: d) Thyroid nodules 21. Which of the following is NOT a class of hormones? a) Polypeptide b) Steroids c) Nucleic acids d) Amino acids derivatives Answer: c) Nucleic acids 22. Where does hormone-receptor interaction occur? a) Nucleus b) Cytoplasm c) Cell membrane d) All of the above Answer: d) All of the above 23. What is the main characteristic of hormones in comparison to enzymes? a) Hormones are consumed in reactions b) Hormones are not required in small quantities c) Hormones are produced in the same organ where they act d) Hormones are not always proteins Answer: d) Hormones are not always proteins 24. What is the main function of the endocrine system? a) Regulating body temperature b) Controlling digestion c) Regulating biological processes through hormone secretion d) Building bones Answer: c) Regulating biological processes through hormone secretion 25. Which of the following is NOT a primary endocrine gland? a) Brain b) Lungs c) Liver d) Kidneys Answer: d) Kidneys 26. What action does paracrine action involve? a) Hormone acts on the same cell b) Hormone is distributed in blood c) Hormone acts locally on nearby cells d) Hormone is transported to distant cells Answer: c) Hormone acts locally on nearby cells 27. What does positive feedback control in hormone regulation involve? a) Reversal of increased blood hormone levels b) Maintaining hormone levels within narrow ranges c) An increase in hormone production causes more hormone release d) Decreasing blood hormone levels Answer: c) An increase in hormone production causes more hormone release 28. What is the function of calcitonin? a) Raises blood calcium levels b) Lowers blood calcium levels c) Promotes bone breakdown d) Stimulates muscle contraction Answer: b) Lowers blood calcium levels 29. How do target cells respond to hormones? a) By releasing more hormones b) By changing permeability of the membrane c) By producing antibodies d) By generating heat Answer: b) By changing permeability of the membrane 30. Which of the following hormones is NOT produced by the thyroid gland? a) Thyroxine (T4) b) Triiodothyronine (T3) c) Calcitonin (CT) d) Insulin Answer: d) Insulin

ملزمة ٩ ٣٠ امسكيو بمستوى صعب 1. What is the main function of hormones? a) Energy storage b) Coordination of metabolic activities c) Blood clotting d) Muscle contraction Answer: b) Coordination of metabolic activities 2. How are hormones transported in the body? a) Through the nervous system b) Through the lymphatic system c) In the bloodstream d) Through the digestive system Answer: c) In the bloodstream 3. What can hyposecretion or hypersecretion of hormones potentially lead to? a) Enhanced body functions b) Improved metabolism c) Harmful effects on the body d) Increased energy levels Answer: c) Harmful effects on the body 4. Which of the following is NOT a class of hormones? a) Polypeptide b) Steroids c) Enzymes d) Amino acids derivatives Answer: c) Enzymes 5. What is the term for the action when a hormone acts on the same cell that produced it? a) Endocrine action b) Paracrine action c) Autocrine action d) Hormonal feedback Answer: c) Autocrine action 6. What do target cells respond to in order to elicit a response from a hormone? a) Presence of water b) Specific receptor for that hormone c) Temperature changes d) Mechanical pressure Answer: b) Specific receptor for that hormone 7. Which hormones interact with intracellular receptors? a) Group I hormones b) Group II hormones c) Polypeptide hormones d) Steroid hormones Answer: a) Group I hormones 8. What is the primary function of the endocrine system? a) Digestion of food b) Regulation of biological processes c) Oxygen transport d) Formation of bones Answer: b) Regulation of biological processes 9. Which of the following is NOT a primary endocrine gland? a) Hypothalamus b) Liver c) Thyroid d) Pituitary Answer: b) Liver 10. How does hormone action begin? a) By breaking down cells b) By altering blood pH c) By binding to a receptor on a target cell d) By increasing body temperature Answer: c) By binding to a receptor on a target cell 11. What does negative feedback control in hormone regulation involve? a) Increasing blood levels of hormones b) Decreasing blood levels of hormones c) Maintaining hormone levels within narrow ranges d) Ignoring hormonal signals Answer: c) Maintaining hormone levels within narrow ranges 12. Which of the following disorders involves an underproduction of hormones? a) Hypersecretion b) Hyposecretion c) Non-functional receptor d) Positive feedback control Answer: b) Hyposecretion 13. What is essential to understanding the biochemical basis of disorders associated with hormones? a) Blood pressure b) Knowledge of hormone biosynthesis, secretion, and interaction with target cells c) Physical fitness d) Respiratory rate Answer: b) Knowledge of hormone biosynthesis, secretion, and interaction with target cells 14. What are the thyroid hormones responsible for? a) Regulating blood calcium levels b) Controlling body temperature c) Metabolic rate, protein synthesis, breakdown of fats d) Stimulating muscle growth Answer: c) Metabolic rate, protein synthesis, breakdown of fats 15. What is the function of calcitonin? a) Raising blood calcium levels b) Lowering blood calcium levels c) Promoting bone breakdown d) Enhancing muscle contraction Answer: b) Lowering blood calcium levels 16. What does hyperthyroidism mean? a) Overproduction of thyroid hormones b) Underproduction of thyroid hormones c) Normal thyroid function d) No effect on thyroid hormones Answer: a) Overproduction of thyroid hormones 17. What is a goiter? a) Enlarged thyroid due to iodine deficiency b) Inflammation of the thyroid gland c) Underproduction of thyroid hormones d) Overproduction of thyroid hormones

20. Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting and is synthesized by intestinal bacteria? a) Vitamin D b) Vitamin K c) Vitamin B12 d) Vitamin E Answer: b) Vitamin K 21. What is the function of vitamin K in the body? a) Enhances vision b) Supports immune system function c) Promotes blood clotting d) Regulates blood calcium levels Answer: c) Promotes blood clotting 22. What vitamin is known as the "anti-sterility" vitamin? a) Vitamin C b) Vitamin B7 c) Vitamin E d) Vitamin K Answer: c) Vitamin E 23. What is the active form of vitamin B6? a) Pyridoxine b) Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP) c) Pyridoxamine d) Pyridine Answer: b) Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP) 24. What deficiency symptoms are associated with vitamin B6? a) Beriberi b) Scurvy c) Rickets d) Neurological symptoms and anemia Answer: d) Neurological symptoms and anemia 25. Which vitamin is synthesized from glucose and is an important coenzyme in oxidative phosphorylation? a) Biotin (B7) b) Vitamin C c) Folic acid (B9) d) Thiamine (B1) Answer: a) Biotin (B7) 26. What is the active form of folic acid? a) Folicol b) Folinic acid c) Folate d) Folicin Answer: c) Folate 27. What is the role of folic acid in the body? a) Enhances vision b) Supports immune system function c) Promotes blood clotting d) DNA reproduction and prevention of anemia Answer: d) DNA reproduction and prevention of anemia 28. What is the deficiency associated with folic acid? a) Night blindness b) Scurvy c) Beriberi d) Anemia and nerve damage Answer: d) Anemia and nerve damage 29. What is another name for vitamin B12? a) Pantothenic acid b) Cobalamin c) Pyridoxine d) Riboflavin Answer: b) Cobalamin 30. What does a deficiency of vitamin B12 cause? a) Scurvy b) Night blindness c) Pernicious anemia d) Beriberi Answer: c) Pernicious anemia 31. What is another name for vitamin C? a) Ascorbic acid b) Retinol c) Tocopherol d) Calcitriol Answer: a) Ascorbic acid 32. What is the primary function of vitamin C in the body? a) Regulates blood calcium levels b) Enhances vision c) Acts as an antioxidant and stimulates immune functions d) Promotes blood clotting Answer: c) Acts as an antioxidant and stimulates immune functions 33. What does a deficiency of vitamin C cause? a) Anemia b) Night blindness c) Scurvy d) Rickets Answer: c) Scurvy 34. What are the harmful effects of excessive vitamin C intake? a) Hemolysis of red blood cells b) Jaundice c) Diarrhea d) Night blindness Answer: c) Diarrhea 35. Which vitamin is synthesized from sunlight exposure? a) Vitamin D b) Vitamin A c) Vitamin E d) Vitamin C Answer: a) Vitamin D 36. What is the role of vitamin D in the body? a) Regulates blood calcium levels b) Acts as an antioxidant c) Supports immune system function d) Promotes blood clotting Answer: a) Regulates blood calcium levels 37. What does a deficiency of vitamin D cause in children? a) Night blindness b) Scurvy c) Rickets d) Pernicious anemia Answer: c) Rickets 38. What are the toxic effects of excessive vitamin D intake? a) Diarrhea b) Loss of appetite and nausea c) Swollen and painful joints d) Hypercalcemia and deposition of calcium in organs Answer: d) Hypercalcemia and deposition of calcium in organs 39. What is the primary function of vitamin E? a) Regulates blood calcium levels b) Enhances vision c) Acts as an antioxidant, protecting cell membranes d) Promotes blood clotting Answer: c) Acts as an antioxidant, protecting cell membranes

ملزمة ٨ ٥٠ امسكيو بمستوى صعب 1. What are vitamins? a) Inorganic compounds b) Essential minerals c) Organic compounds required in small amounts d) Proteins Answer: c) Organic compounds required in small amounts 2. Where does the word "vitamin" come from? a) Vita meaning energy b) Vitality c) Vita meaning life d) Vitamin meaning health Answer: c) Vita meaning life 3. What is the classification of fat-soluble vitamins? a) A, C, E b) A, D, E, K c) B complex d) B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12 Answer: b) A, D, E, K 4. How are fat-soluble vitamins absorbed into the body? a) Directly into the blood b) Via chylomicrons in the lymph and blood c) Through the skin d) Through the nervous system Answer: b) Via chylomicrons in the lymph and blood 5. Why can fat-soluble vitamins be stored in the body? a) They are rapidly metabolized b) They are excreted in urine c) They bind to proteins for storage d) They dissolve in water Answer: c) They can be stored within our fat 6. Which vitamins are water-soluble? a) A, D, E, K b) B complex and vitamin C c) B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12 d) C and E Answer: b) B complex and vitamin C 7. How are water-soluble vitamins absorbed into the body? a) Stored in fat b) Directly into the blood c) Through the skin d) Via chylomicrons in the lymph and blood Answer: b) Absorbed directly into the blood stream 8. Why are water-soluble vitamins less likely to cause toxicity? a) They are rapidly metabolized b) They are excreted in urine c) They bind to proteins for storage d) They dissolve in water Answer: b) They are excreted in urine 9. What are the general functions of vitamins in the body? a) Provide energy b) Build muscle c) Maintain good health and support body processes d) Store nutrients Answer: c) Maintain good health and support body processes 10. Which vitamin group includes retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid? a) B complex b) Vitamin C c) Vitamin D d) Vitamin A Answer: d) Vitamin A 11. What is the function of vitamin A in the body? a) Regulates blood calcium levels b) Supports immune system function c) Enhances vision, bone growth, and cell differentiation d) Promotes blood clotting Answer: c) Enhances vision, bone growth, and cell differentiation 12. What deficiency symptoms are associated with vitamin A? a) Pellagra b) Night blindness and dry skin c) Scurvy d) Rickets Answer: b) Night blindness and dry skin 13. What is the active form of vitamin D? a) Cholecalciferol b) Calciferol c) Ergocalciferol d) Calcitriol Answer: d) Calcitriol 14. What is the role of calcitriol in the body? a) Enhances vision b) Regulates blood calcium levels c) Supports immune system function d) Promotes blood clotting Answer: b) Regulates blood calcium levels 15. Which vitamin is synthesized only by microorganisms? a) Vitamin C b) Vitamin A c) Vitamin B12 d) Vitamin D Answer: c) Vitamin B12 16. What is the deficiency associated with vitamin B12? a) Scurvy b) Rickets c) Pernicious anemia d) Beriberi Answer: c) Pernicious anemia 17. Which vitamin is an antioxidant, protecting cell membranes from free radicals? a) Vitamin D b) Vitamin C c) Vitamin A d) Vitamin K Answer: b) Vitamin C 18. What is the primary function of vitamin E? a) Regulates blood calcium levels b) Enhances vision c) Acts as an antioxidant, protecting cell membranes d) Promotes blood clotting Answer: c) Acts as an antioxidant, protecting cell membranes 19. What does a deficiency of vitamin E cause? a) Anemia b) Night blindness c) Scurvy d) Hemolysis of red blood cells Answer: d) Hemolysis of red blood cells

40. What is the deficiency associated with vitamin E? a) Anemia b) Hemolysis of red blood cells c) Night blindness d) Scurvy Answer: b) Hemolysis of red blood cells 41. Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting and is synthesized by intestinal bacteria? a) Vitamin D b) Vitamin K c) Vitamin B12 d) Vitamin E Answer: b) Vitamin K 42. What is the function of vitamin K in the body? a) Enhances vision b) Supports immune system function c) Promotes blood clotting d) Regulates blood calcium levels Answer: c) Promotes blood clotting 43. What vitamin is known as the "anti-sterility" vitamin? a) Vitamin C b) Vitamin B7 c) Vitamin E d) Vitamin K Answer: c) Vitamin E 44. What is the active form of vitamin B6? a) Pyridoxine b) Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP) c) Pyridoxamine d) Pyridine Answer: b) Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP) 45. What deficiency symptoms are associated with vitamin B6? a) Beriberi b) Scurvy c) Rickets d) Neurological symptoms and anemia Answer: d) Neurological symptoms and anemia 46. Which vitamin is synthesized from glucose and is an important coenzyme in oxidative phosphorylation? a) Biotin (B7) b) Vitamin C c) Folic acid (B9) d) Thiamine (B1) Answer: a) Biotin (B7) 47. What is the active form of folic acid? a) Folicol b) Folinic acid c) Folate d) Folicin Answer: c) Folate 48. What is the role of folic acid in the body? a) Enhances vision b) Supports immune system function c) Promotes blood clotting d) DNA reproduction and prevention of anemia Answer: d) DNA reproduction and prevention of anemia 49. What is the deficiency associated with folic acid? a) Night blindness b) Scurvy c) Beriberi d) Anemia and nerve damage Answer: d) Anemia and nerve damage 50. What is another name for vitamin B12? a) Pantothenic acid b) Cobalamin c) Pyridoxine d) Riboflavin Answer: b) Cobalamin

33. What does specificity and speed of enzyme-catalyzed reactions result from? a) Large size of enzymes b) Unique sequence of specific amino acids c) Presence of covalent bonds d) Rigid structure of enzymes Answer: b) Unique sequence of specific amino acids 34. Which model compares the substrate and binding site to a key and lock? a) Induced fit model b) Lock-and-key model c) Allosteric model d) Competitive model Answer: b) Lock-and-key model 35. What type of interaction is observed between the substrate and the enzyme's amino acid residues? a) Ionic bonds b) Hydrogen bonds c) Covalent bonds d) All of the above Answer: d) All of the above 36. What model recognizes that the substrate binding site is a dynamic surface? a) Induced fit model b) Lock-and-key model c) Allosteric model d) Competitive model Answer: a) Induced fit model 37. What is the term for the dynamic change in an enzyme's shape upon substrate binding? a) Conformational shift b) Structural denaturation c) Catalytic rearrangement d) Induced fit Answer: d) Induced fit 38. What does the induced fit model emphasize about the substrate binding site? a) It is rigid and unchanging b) It is a static interaction c) It is created by the flexible overall three-dimensional structure d) It remains unaffected by substrate binding Answer: c) It is created by the flexible overall three-dimensional structure 39. How is specific activity measured? a) Enzyme concentration per milligram of total protein b) Rate of product formation per unit time c) pH of the reaction medium d) Concentration of substrate Answer: a) Enzyme concentration per milligram of total protein 40. What does specificity mean in terms of enzyme activity? a) Ability to catalyze multiple reactions b) Ability to bind to any substrate c) Ability to select one substrate and distinguish it from others d) Ability to undergo conformational changes Answer: c) Ability to select one substrate and distinguish it from others 41. What does specific activity give a measurement of? a) Purity of the enzyme b) Concentration of substrate c) Rate of reaction d) pH of the reaction medium Answer: a) Purity of the enzyme 42. What is the pH range at which every enzyme has optimal activity? a) Acidic b) Basic c) Neutral d) Alkaline Answer: c) Neutral 43. How does increasing temperature affect enzyme-catalyzed reactions? a) It decreases reaction rate b) It denatures enzymes c) It increases reaction rate d) It has no effect on enzymes Answer: c) It increases reaction rate 44. What is denaturation associated with in enzymes? a) Formation of new bonds b) Loss of structural integrity c) Increased catalytic activity d) Energy release Answer: b) Loss of structural integrity 45. What does the temperature optimum of an enzyme depend on? a) pH of the reaction medium b) Size of the enzyme c) Concentration of substrate d) Time of incubation Answer: d) Time of incubation 46. What is the effect of increasing enzyme concentration on the rate of reaction? a) Decreases the rate b) No effect on the rate c) Increases the rate linearly d) Increases the rate exponentially Answer: c) Increases the rate linearly 47. What is the term for the maximal rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction? a) Optimal velocity b) Saturation point c) Transition state d) Specific activity Answer: b) Saturation point 48. What is the primary function of allosteric enzymes? a) Block substrate binding b) Bind to allosteric sites c) Change enzyme conformation d) Form irreversible complexes Answer: c) Change enzyme conformation

49. What is the role of irreversible inhibitors in drug action? a) Increase enzyme activity b) Form irreversible complexes c) Covalently modify enzymes d) Decrease enzyme concentration Answer: c) Covalently modify enzymes 50. Which inhibitor binds to the enzyme-substrate complex? a) Competitive inhibitor b) Non-competitive inhibitor c) Uncompetitive inhibitor d) Irreversible inhibitor **Answer: c

18. What is the term for the measurement of enzyme activity per milligram of total protein? a) Specificity b) Specific activity c) Substrate concentration d) Transition state Answer: b) Specific activity 19. What does specificity refer to in enzyme activity? a) The ability to catalyze multiple reactions b) The ability to bind to any substrate c) The ability to select one substrate and distinguish it from others d) The ability to undergo conformational changes Answer: c) The ability to select one substrate and distinguish it from others 20. What factors affect enzyme activity? a) pH, temperature, and concentration of substrate b) Size and shape of the enzyme c) Charge and color of the enzyme d) Structural integrity and flexibility Answer: a) pH, temperature, and concentration of substrate 21. What is the optimum pH for most human enzymes? a) Acidic b) Neutral c) Basic d) Alkaline Answer: b) Neutral 22. Why do chemical reactions proceed faster at higher temperatures? a) Molecules move slower b) Electrons lose activation energy c) Molecules move faster, increasing collision chances d) Enzymes denature at higher temperatures Answer: c) Molecules move faster, increasing collision chances 23. What is denaturation of the enzyme associated with? a) Loss of structural integrity b) Loss of energy c) Increased catalytic activity d) Formation of new bonds Answer: a) Loss of structural integrity 24. What is the effect of increasing enzyme concentration on reaction rate? a) Decrease in product formation b) Linear increase in product formation c) No effect on the rate of reaction d) Increase in substrate concentration Answer: b) Linear increase in product formation 25. What is the name for enzymes with cooperative substrate binding? a) Competitive enzymes b) Non-competitive enzymes c) Allosteric enzymes d) Irreversible enzymes Answer: c) Allosteric enzymes 26. **What do allosteric enzymes contain in addition to substrate binding sites?** a) Structural sites b) Catalytic sites c) Allosteric sites d) Binding sites Answer: c) Allosteric sites 27. What is the mechanism of action of competitive inhibitors? a) Covalently bind to enzymes b) Bind to an alternative site c) Block substrate binding or catalytic steps d) Undergo conformational changes Answer: c) Block substrate binding or catalytic steps 28. Which inhibitor binds to the enzyme at a position separate from the active site? a) Competitive inhibitor b) Non-competitive inhibitor c) Uncompetitive inhibitor d) Irreversible inhibitor Answer: b) Non-competitive inhibitor 29. What happens when an enzyme is irreversibly inhibited? a) It dissociates rapidly from the enzyme b) It tightly binds to the enzyme covalently c) It becomes less specific d) It competes with the substrate for binding Answer: b) It tightly binds to the enzyme covalently 30. Which irreversible inhibitor is used to treat cancer? a) Aspirin b) Methotrexate c) Penicillin d) Tetrahydrofolate Answer: b) Methotrexate 31. What is the primary function of competitive inhibitors? a) Block substrate binding b) Bind to allosteric sites c) Change enzyme conformation d) Inhibit the formation of the enzyme-substrate complex Answer: a) Block substrate binding 32. How does an increase in substrate concentration affect competitive inhibition? a) It decreases the inhibitor's affinity b) It overcomes the inhibitor c) It enhances the inhibitor's binding d) It has no effect on the rate of reaction Answer: b) It overcomes the inhibitor