JavaScript

const str = 'JavaScript';
const result1 = str.slice(-6, -2);
const result2 = str.substring(-6, -2);
const result3 = str.substr(-6, 4);
const combined = [result1, result2, result3];
const final = combined.map(s => s || 'empty').join(' | ');
console.log(final);

function highlight(strings, ...values) {
  return strings.reduce((result, string, i) => {
    const value = values[i] ? `<mark>${values[i]}</mark>` : '';
    return result + string + value;
  }, '');
}

const name = 'Sarah';
const skill = 'React';
const template = highlight`Hello ${name}, you're great at ${skill}!`;

console.log(template);

const target = { name: 'Sarah', age: 25 };
const handler = {
  get(obj, prop) {
    if (prop in obj) {
      return obj[prop].toString().toUpperCase();
    }
    return `Property ${prop} not found`;
  },
  set(obj, prop, value) {
    obj[prop] = value * 2;
    return true;
  }
};
const proxy = new Proxy(target, handler);
proxy.salary = 50000;
console.log(proxy.name);
console.log(proxy.age);
console.log(proxy.salary);
console.log(proxy.city);

class DataProcessor {
  constructor(transform) {
    this.transform = transform;
  }
  
  process(data) {
    return this.transform(data);
  }
}

const multiply = x => x * 2;
const addTen = x => x + 10;
const toString = x => `Result: ${x}`;

const compose = (...fns) => x => fns.reduceRight((acc, fn) => fn(acc), x);

const processor = new DataProcessor(compose(toString, addTen, multiply));
console.log(processor.process(5));

async function fetchData() {
  return Promise.resolve('data');
}

async function processData() {
  const result = await fetchData();
  console.log('Processing:', result);
  return result.toUpperCase();
}

const promise = processData();
console.log('Promise:', promise);

promise.then(value => {
  console.log('Final:', value);
});

class EventManager {
  constructor() {
    this.listeners = new Map();
  }
  
  addListener(event, callback) {
    if (!this.listeners.has(event)) {
      this.listeners.set(event, new Set());
    }
    this.listeners.get(event).add(callback);
  }
  
  removeAllListeners() {
    this.listeners.clear();
  }
}

const manager = new EventManager();
const obj = { data: new Array(1000).fill('memory') };
manager.addListener('test', () => obj.data.length);
manager.removeAllListeners();
console.log(manager.listeners.size);

const Maybe = {
  of: (value) => ({ value, map: f => value == null ? Maybe.nothing() : Maybe.of(f(value)) }),
  nothing: () => ({ value: null, map: () => Maybe.nothing() })
};

const result = Maybe.of(5)
  .map(x => x * 2)
  .map(x => x > 15 ? null : x)
  .map(x => x + 1)
  .map(x => x.toString());

console.log(result.value);

function Vehicle(type) {
  this.type = type;
}

Vehicle.prototype.describe = function() {
  return `This is a ${this.type}`;
};

function Car(brand) {
  Vehicle.call(this, 'car');
  this.brand = brand;
}

Car.prototype = Object.create(Vehicle.prototype);
Car.prototype.constructor = Car;

Car.prototype.describe = function() {
  return Vehicle.prototype.describe.call(this) + ` made by ${this.brand}`;
};

const tesla = new Car('Tesla');
console.log(tesla.describe());
console.log(tesla.constructor.name);