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The segment of the nephron that is indicated in the figure is the proximal convoluted tubule. The major function of this segment is bulk reabsorption of metabolites such as glucose, amino acids, bicarbonate, and phosphate. Each segment of the nephron is specialized for differential processing of metabolites and electrolytes. The proximal convoluted tubule functions primarily for bulk reabsorption of metabolites such as glucose that are not excreted in the urine. The descending loop of Henle allows for isolated water reabsorption, which is important for fueling the countercurrent multiplier. The thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle allows for energy-driven reabsorption of sodium, potassium, and chloride. The distal convoluted tubule allows for the management of calcium and further reabsorption of sodium and chloride. Finally, the collecting duct allows for final sodium reabsorption in exchange for potassium or hydrogen ions. Figure A is a drawing of a nephron with the proximal convoluted tubule circled. Illustration A is a figure of the nephron with the major features of each segment annotated. The linked topic further discusses each of the items highlighted on this illustration. Incorrect Answers: Answer 1: Creatinine is only marginally reabsorbed or secreted throughout the tubular components of the nephron, which is why it is useful as a marker for glomerular filtration. Answer 3: Potassium is actively reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle and it is secreted in exchange for sodium reabsorption in the collecting duct. Answer 4: Sodium is actively reabsorbed in all parts of the nephron; however, the proximal convoluted tubule is the segment where sodium concentration changes the least. The absorption of metabolites in this segment happens primarily isotonically. Answer 5: Water is reabsorbed in isolated in the descending limb of the loop of Henle. This allows for increased concentration of the solutes within the filtrate and fuels the countercurrent multiplier effect.

A researcher is studying the effect of a novel bacterial toxin on the kidney. She finds that the toxin binds to the segment of the nephron that is circled in Figure A. The concentration of which of the following substances decreases the most dramatically in this segment of the nephron? A. Creatinine B. Glucose C. Sodium D. Water

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