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A client with a central venous catheter develops shortness of breath and chest pain. The nurse notes a drop in BP and muffled heart sounds. What is the priority action?
A client is receiving IV potassium chloride for hypokalemia. Which of the following f indings should the nurse report immediately?
A nurse is caring for a patient with heart failure who has gained 3 lbs (1.4 kg) in 24 hours and reports dyspnea. What is the nurseβs next action?
A client is post-op day 1 after abdominal surgery. The nurse notes absent bowel sounds and a distended abdomen. What is the nurseβs priority action?
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*β¨ ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE IMPORTANT MCQs β¨*
1. What is the most commonly used screening tool for alcohol use disorder?
*CAGE questionnaire*
2. What is the most severe form of alcohol withdrawal?
*Delirium tremens*
3. Which neurotransmitter is primarily affected in alcohol use disorder?
*GABA*
4. Which vitamin deficiency is commonly seen in chronic alcoholics?
*Thiamine (Vitamin B1)*
5. What is the triad of Wernickeβs encephalopathy?
*Confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia*
6. Which syndrome results from untreated Wernickeβs encephalopathy?
*Korsakoff syndrome*
7. What is the first-line pharmacological treatment for alcohol dependence?
*Naltrexone*
8. Which drug causes an aversive reaction to alcohol?
*Disulfiram*
9. What is the term for liver disease due to chronic alcohol use?
*Alcoholic hepatitis*
10. Which liver enzyme ratio is commonly elevated in alcohol use disorder?
*AST > ALT (usually 2:1)*
11. What is the term for alcohol-induced reversible memory impairment?
*Blackout*
12. Which electrolyte abnormality is common in chronic alcoholism?
*Hypomagnesemia*
13. Which scoring system is used to assess alcohol withdrawal severity?
*CIWA-Ar* (Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol)
14. What is the mechanism of action of disulfiram?
*Inhibits aldehyde* *dehydrogenase*
15. Which medication is used to reduce alcohol cravings?
*Acamprosate*
16. What is the most common complication of chronic alcohol use?
*Liver cirrhosis*
17. What is the characteristic hand tremor in alcohol withdrawal?
*Intentional tremor*
18. Which psychiatric disorder is commonly comorbid with alcohol use disorder?
*Depression*
19. Which ocular sign is seen in Wernickeβs encephalopathy?
*Nystagmus*
20. Which drug is used to treat acute alcohol withdrawal?
*Benzodiazepines*
21. What is the legal blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limit for driving in most countries?
*0.08%*
22. Which fetal condition results from alcohol consumption during pregnancy?
*Fetal alcohol syndrome*
23. What is the term for inflammation of the pancreas due to alcohol use?
*Alcoholic pancreatitis*
24. Which medication should be given before glucose in suspected Wernickeβs encephalopathy?
*Thiamine*
25. What is the hallmark neuropsychiatric symptom of Korsakoff syndrome?
*Anterograde amnesia*
26. Which enzyme metabolizes ethanol in the liver?
*Alcohol dehydrogenase*
27. What is the term for skin redness in chronic alcohol users?
*Facial flushing*
28. Which social factor is commonly linked to alcohol use disorder?
*Stress*
29. Which part of the brain is most affected in chronic alcohol use?
*Cerebellum*
30. Which therapy is commonly used in alcohol use disorder rehabilitation?
*Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)*
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A patient complains of sudden onset of floaters and flashes of light, followed by a shadow over their visual field. Which condition is most likely?
A patient presents with a red, swollen eyelid and purulent discharge. Which condition is most likely?
A patient presents with a painless, progressive enlargement of a pigmented lesion on the iris. Which condition should be considered?
A 70-year-old patient reports gradual loss of central vision, making it difficult to read or recognize faces. Fundoscopic examination reveals drusen deposits. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of retinitis pigmentosa?
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