Important knowledge

Other pictures (There is hydroureter & hydronephrosis & more severe trabuculation in other pictures )

What is the criteria of posterior urethral valve in voiding cystogram (VCUG) ? 1- dilated and balooning of the prostatic urethra 2- high bladder neck 3- trabculated bladder (due to thikning of bladder wall ) 4- high grade reflux

Meatal stenosis Treatment -Dilatation -meatatomy -meatoplasty

Anatomy of urethra

C.E for ESWL

⚡️Chemolytic Dissolution agents - potassium citrate - sodium bicarbonate - allopurinol

Indicatoin of JJ stent مهم

⚡️The 2 types of stones that are resistant to ESWL are 1)cysteine stone 2) Ca+2 oxalate monohydrate stone.

Set for PCN (Percutaneous nephrostomy )

Suprapubic cystostomy set

Staging of renal trauma

Surgeries for vasical stones • cystolitholapaxy: access through urethra • Suprapubic vesicolithotomy: open surgery • Percutaneous suprapubic litholapaxy: hole in suprapubic area

cystolitholapaxy

Vasicovaginal fistula

Surgeries for stress incontinence -slings -tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) -trans obturator tape (TOT) -Retropubic urethropexy -artificial sphincte