Descriptive Prep: Brajesh Mohan

❇️ Current Account Deficit India’s current account deficit (CAD) shot up to an all-time high of $36.4 billion, about 4.4 per cent of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP), in the quarter ended September 2022 (Q2FY23) The high CAD in Q2FY23 was due to the widening of the merchandise trade deficit to $83.5 billion from $63 billion in Q1FY23 and an increase in the net outgo under investment income The RBI’s Financial Stability Report (FSR), released on Thursday, said the rise in the CAD due to the huge trade deficit in Q2FY23 reflected the impact of slowing global demand for exports, even as growth in services exports and remittances remained robust. What is CAD? CAD comprises a trade account (imports and exports of merchandise goods), services account (imports and exports of services), and net income from abroad (such as remittances). Out of these three components, the dent to CAD is our trade account. Surplus in the services account and net income from abroad are smaller in comparison to the deficit in the trade account. ✅What happens if the current account deficit keeps worsening? Depreciation of Rupee: Due to the ballooning current account deficit, the demand for foreign currency will rise, leading to the depreciation of the home currency. Depleted foreign exchange reserves: The Reserve Bank of India will continue to defend against the fall of the rupee from the mighty dollar's rise and this depletes the forex reserves. It is expected that the reserves will fall to $523 billion by end of this year. Rise in imported inflation: Another aspect of the depreciating rupee is the rise in imported inflation, which in turn, leads to an uptick in broad-based inflation in India. Costlier Imports: The depreciating rupee has made imports costlier, therefore, for a country like India, which imports costly items and commodities like crude oil, semiconductors, and electronic goods, the burden on the exchequer is rising and this is pushing the current account deficit higher. Flight of Capital: The depreciating currency and rising current account deficit will lead to a capital flight away from India. It is also going to affect investor sentiments and macroeconomic stability. For the currency to be stable, it is important to keep the current account deficit in check. Usually, the current account deficit widens due to higher trade deficits. Join 👉👉 @descriptive_bankexam

✅ CBDC by RBI for Retail and Wholesale RBI has launched pilots of CBDC in both Wholesale and Retail segments. The pilot in wholesale segment, known as the Digital Rupee -Wholesale (e₹-W), was launched on November 1, 2022, with use case being limited to the settlement of secondary market transactions in government securities. The pilot in retail segment, known as digital Rupee-Retail (e₹-R), was launched on December 01, 2022, within a closed user group (CUG) comprising participating customers and merchants. ✅First phase of the retail e-rupee pilot project It initially covers four cities – Mumbai, New Delhi, Bengaluru, and Bhubaneswar. Four banks are controlling the launch of the retail e-rupee – SBI, ICICI Bank, Yes Bank and IDFC First Bank. The e₹-R will be issued in the same denominators as paper currency and coins distributed via banks. It does not earn any interest like in the case of physical cash . It can be converted into other forms of money like deposits with banks. For more Details Read Concept Note by RBI on CBDC https://m.rbi.org.in//Scripts/PublicationReportDetails.aspx?UrlPage=&ID=1218

Discussion on Demography - Population and Related Issue

❇️Relevance: CCI has been in the news a lot due to the imposition of penalties on Google in October, 2022, penalty on Tyre manufacturers and their Association for indulging in cartelisation and fined online hotel booking sites Oyo, MakeMyTrip and Goibibo. Competition (Amendment) Bill 2022 - The Bill seeks to amend the Competition Act, 2002, to regulate mergers and acquisitions based on the value of transactions. Relevant Chapter - Industrial Policy (Also Economic and Finance Regulator). ✅ Descriptive Practice Question. Q. Discuss the Role of CCI and challanges faced by it in promoting Competitive Market in India. Q. What is Cartelization? Discuss the role and functions of CCI in stopping Anti-competitive market practices. Read it Here - https://www.ecolearn.in/2021/09/know-about-competition-commission-of-India.html

Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the ‘National Hydrogen Mission’ from the Red Fort on Independence Day in 2021. On January 4, the Union Cabinet approved the National Green Hydrogen Mission with a total initial outlay of Rs 19,744 crore. ✅What is Green Hydrogen? Green hydrogen has become a global buzzword, especially as the world is facing its biggest-ever energy crisis and the threat of climate change is turning into a reality. Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe. But pure, or the elemental hydrogen, is very scarce. It almost always exists in compounds like with oxygen to form H2O, or water. But when electric current is passed through water, it splits it into elemental oxygen and hydrogen through electrolysis. And if the electricity used for this process comes from a renewable source like wind or solar then the hydrogen thus produced is referred to as green hydrogen. Colours attached to hydrogen indicate the source of electricity used to derive the hydrogen molecule. For instance, if coal is used, it is referred to as brown hydrogen. ✅What does India aim to achieve with the National Green Hydrogen Mission? The Mission states that India will develop green hydrogen production capacity of at least 5 million tonnes (MT) per annum with an associated renewable energy capacity addition of about 125 gigawatts (GW) in the country by 2030. This will entail over Rs 8 lakh crore of total investments and is expected to generate six lakh jobs. It will also lead to a cumulative reduction in fossil fuel imports by over Rs 1 lakh crore and an abatement of nearly 50 MT of annual greenhouse gas emissions. ✅ What is India’s policy to promote investment in the sector? Of the Rs 19,744 crore outlay announced by India on January 4, around Rs 17,490 crore will be towards incentives for the production of green hydrogen and the manufacturing of electrolysers. The government is referring to this as the Strategic Interventions for Green Hydrogen Transition Programme (SIGHT). Another Rs 1,466 crore will be for pilot projects, while Rs 400 crore is committed to research and development (R&D), and Rs 388 crore to other mission components, respectively. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) will formulate the scheme guidelines for implementation of the respective components.

❇️ Answer Writing Practice Questions (Current Issues) Q. Self-Help Groups have emerged as the most effective mechanism for the delivery of microfinance services to the poor. Explain Q. Discuss the problems associated with urbanization and rural-urban migration Q. What is Sustainable Development? Discuss India's commitment towards it. Q. Discuss the concern related to inequality in India. What are the steps taken by government to reduce inequality? Q. What is Inflation Targeting? Discuss the problems and challenges with Inflation Targeting. Q. What is NPA? Enumerate the major factors behind rising non-performing assets in the Indian banking sector. Discuss the need of Bad Bank in tackling the rising NPA. Q. Housing is one of the basic requirements for human survival. Critically analyse the success of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana in this regard. Q. Fiscal Policy is a tool used by the government to achieve its macroeconomic objective. Q. Discuss the Global Economic Slowdown and Its impact on Indian Economy. Q. Discuss the importance of Infrastructure Development in an Economy. How PM Gati Shakti NMP can help in this area to achieve $10 Trillion Economy? #descriptive

What is Inflation? Discuss the various types of inflation in detail. Inflation in the rate at which prices for goods and services rise over period of time. In other words, prices of many good and services such as housig, apparel, transportation and fuel must be increasing inorder for inflation to occure in the overall economy. Inflation types: 1) Dmand-pull inflation : It occure when aggregate demand for good and services in an economy rises more rapidly than an economy productive capacity. 2) Cost-pull inflation : It occure when when prices of production process inputs increases. Rapid wage increases or rising raw material prices are common causes of this type of inflation. 3)Build-in inflation : This type of inflation ivolves ahigh demand for wages by the workers which firm the address for wages by the workers which the firm address by increasing the cost of goods and services for the customers. The most commonly used inflation indexes are the Consumer Price Index and the Wholesale Price Index. Types of Inflation: on basis of rate of rise in price 1) Creeping Inflation: when price rises less than 3% per year 2) Walking Inflation: when price rises from 3 to 4 % per year 3) Running Inflation: when price rises by more than 5 to 9% in year 4) Galloping Inflation: When price rises by more than 10 or more % in year 5)Hyperinflation: when price rises by 100% in a year 6) Demand pull inflation: when the aggregate demand in an economy strongly outweighs the aggregate supply, prices go up 7) Cost pull inflation: When overall prices increase due to increase in the cost of wages and raw material 8) Stagflation: Persistence rise in Price , unemployment and no consumer 9) Deflation: general decline in price of goods and services #sidbigradea

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Top 30 Essay Topics for SIDBI Grade A 2023, SBI PO Mains 2022 and RBI Grade B 2023 Exams https://www.brajeshmohan.in/2023/01/top-30-essay-topics-for-sidbi-grade-and.html

❇️ SIDBI Grade A 2022 Descriptive Questions Asked ✅ Essay Writing : 2 Sets (Set A & B, 200 Words Each) - Set A was moderate than Set B I. Gender Discrimination in India: Causes and Initiative II. Goods and Service Tax : Pros and Cons III. The Interconnected Global Economy: Challenges and opportunities for the World IV. Rural Migration and How to prevent it ✅ Set - B I. Role of banks in promoting financial inclusion in villages. II. Poverty and its effect on growth. III. How does rapid population growth lead to environmental degradation? IV. Cryptocurrency: Pros, Cons & future in India ✅ Letter Writing I. Write a complaint letter for defective laptop. II. Write a complaint letter to supplier for late delivery of your order. III. Write a letter of appreciation and gratitude to the government. Note - All the essay topics are related to General Finance, Economics and Social Issue as they had mentioned in Notification. #descriptivepyq

✅NHB AM Descriptive Asked (Memory Based ) [24th December 2022 ] Letter Writing I. Write a letter to the branch manager for the passbook & mini statement for visa. II. Write a letter to the municipality authority for jogging park. III. Write a letter to the friend for some guidance regarding exam. Essay Writing I. What is NPA, its causes and methods of mitigation. II. Importance of team work in an organization. III. How environment change can impact organizations. #descriptivepyq

✅ NABARD DA Mains Descriptive Asked ( Memory Based ) [24th December 2022 ] Essay Writing I. Rain water harvesting and its importance. II. Importance of private sector banks in the Indian economy. III. Potential of science to address the issue of hunger & poverty. Letter Writing I. Letter to the municipal authority for maintenance of public parks due to infrequent visits of gardeners. II. Write a letter to a friend, inviting him for a funfair which will be organised by the society. #descriptivepyq

RBI Grade B Mains  2022: Paper 2: English (Writing Skills) PYQ Essay: 600 words 1. Advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy. How green grid initiative launched in Glasgow COP 26 overcome the disadvantages - Day before Yesterday Wrote on Green Greed Initiative on my blog, link given above 2. Role of Women Entrepreneurs in Indian Economy - Given in the list of Essay shared by me. 3. Einstein quote "Peace can be established by understanding and not by force" - Essay is in refrence to Russia-Ukraine war 4. India’s Emergence as Medical Tourism hub - Lots of Article on it written in last 2 years, it was suggested topics for SIDBI exam. Reading Comprehension: Derivatives, types of derivatives Precis: Space Exploration RBI has become insane, they have given word limit as 600 words for Essay #descriptivepyq

RBI Grade B 2022: Economics and Social Issue PYQ 15 Marker 1.Although urbanization spread to villages, race, caste, gender discrimination is rampant in this light, Write about Challenges faced by protective discriminatory policy.? 2.What is meant by economic reforms ? Explain all types of reform in economic policies in India from 1990s to till now.? 3. Financial stability is essential to any financial institution/business.kindly discuss in light of , 1. Financial stability report by RBI Dec-21 2.Economic reforms and policy priorities in view of the outbreak of covid-19 in India. 10 Marker 1.Rural entrepreneurship: what are the challenges faced and how young enterprises can solve India's social problem.? 2.What is NBFC? How it is diff from bank and mention 5 types of Nbfc registered with RBI.? 3. Kindly write a short note on current monetary policy framework in India The level of 15-Markers in Economics and Social Issue Descriptive is very good, scoring in this 30 marks will be decideder, 10-markers are known topics specially monetary policy framework and NBFC, Rural Entrepreneurship is a bouncer, although it's somehow indirectly mentioned in syllabus but no one read.

📣ESI & ARD Based Descriptive Questions in NABARD Grade A Mains 2022 Exam Date - 29th Oct ✅ 15 Marker ▪️PDS is an important scheme of the Government but it has lacune. Discuss. ▪️Social infrastructure is necessary for inclusive growth. Elaborate. ▪️Discuss the aim and objectives of Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Scheme (Mandatory) ✅ 10 Marker ▪️Discuss the benefits of Social forestry ▪️Livelihood security among rural poor: Evaluate the impact of National Rural Livelihood Mission in India. ▪️Indian economy benefitted due to globalisation. Discuss (Mandatory)

✅Internet Banking – will it bring revolution in India According to the recently released EASE (Enhanced Access and Service Excellence) reforms, 72% of all the banking transactions in India are taking through digital channels. Internet Banking forms one such pillar of digital banking. Internet banking as the name suggests allows the user to perform a host of banking operations from the comfort of his home with just a single click. The only requirement being an internet connection. Kicked off in 1996 by ICCI bank, internet banking has traveled a long way and has become an integral part of our banking ecosystem. In a country like ours where the number of internet users has zoomed past 500 million as per the IMAI report, the future of internet banking looks bright. Cheap 4G internet data coupled with a plethora of small-range smartphone choices and relatively young populous are acting as a conducive environment for this ecosystem to thrive in the Indian context. Internet banking also called e-banking offers several facilities and advantages to both the customers and the banks. For the customers, it means saving their time from not standing in long queues in branches to getting their products delivered at their doorsteps with just one click. It also saves transportation costs. For the banks, e-banking makes sure that the footfall in the branches is limited so that the officials can engage themselves in more important works like audit or loan sanctioning that require utmost attention. Furthermore, it cut down transaction costs and improves the quality of service delivery. It also allows the banks to attract the tech-savvy Gen Z and widen their customer base. However, there are challenges too. As per the NSO report, only 24% of Indian homes have internet facilities and to make it worse is the literacy level in the rural areas. With not many people digitally and financially literate, increasing cyber frauds, implementing e-banking would be tough. Also, the majority of the bank account holders are senior citizens who are not well equipped to handle the nuances of e-banking. The government, however, has launched the Bharat Net program that aims to connect all the Gram Panchayats with the internet by 2022. The government is also implementing Pradhan Mantri Gramin Digital Saksharta Abhiyan (PMGDISHA) from March 2017 intending to make 6cr rural households digitally literate. All these along with the financial literacy camps being organized by the banks to educate the masses about the use of banking products would go a long way in creating an enabling ecosystem and revolutionizing the banking ecosystem in India.

NITI Aayog Report on Gig and Platform Workers - Very Important for Objective and Essay