MahaIAS™

Basic Lava: - Highly fluid (जास्त पसरतात) 🌊 - Hottest 🔥 - Not very explosive 💥 - Rich in iron and magnesium 🪨 - Poor in silica ❌ - Spread as thin sheets Acid Lava: - Highly viscous (कमी पसरतात) - Rich in silica 🌑 - Explosive 💣 - Volcanic bombs 🌋 (https://mahaias.online) ✅✅✅

Igneous Intrusions: 1. Sill: - Horizontal intrusion 2. Dyke: - Vertical intrusion 3. Laccolith: - Dome-shaped 4. Lopolith: - Saucer-shaped 5. Batholith: - Large mass 6. Phacolith: - Anticlines and synclines structures of masses.

Fold Mountains (वलीय पर्वत) - Himalayas (हिमालय) - Aravalli Range (अरवली पर्वतरांग) Fault Mountains (गट पर्वत) - Vindhya Range (विंध्य पर्वतरांग) - Satpura Range (सातपुडा पर्वतरांग) #Geography

Types of fold: 1. Anticline simple fold: Upward arch 2. Syncline: Downward trough 3. Asymmetric fold: Uneven limbs 4. Overfold: Overturned layers 5. Recumbent fold: Horizontal fold 6. Nappe: Large fold 7. Thrustplane (fault line): Displaced layers

✅रूपांतरित खडक✅ 🌍 Metamorphic Rocks 🌋 Main Rock - Formed/Metamorphised. 1. Clay → Slate 🪨 2. Limestone → Marble 🏛️ 3. Sandstone → Quartzite ⛏️ 4. Granite → Gneiss 🏔️ 5. Shale → Schist 🪨 6. Coal → Graphite ✏️ 🌐 [mahaias.online](http://mahaias.online)

--- विरोधी पक्षनेता (LoP) - मुख्य मुद्दे 🔹 लोकसभा (LS) आणि राज्यसभा (RS) मधील स्थान - १९७७ च्या संसदेत विरोधी पक्षनेते वेतन आणि भत्ते कायद्याने स्थापन. - गृहात किमान १०% खासदार आवश्यक. - १९५४ च्या कायद्यानुसार वेतन आणि भत्ते मिळण्याचा हक्क. 🔹 सदनातील अधिकार - क्रमाने ७ व्या स्थानावर, केंद्रीय मंत्रीमंडळाच्या मंत्र्यांसह. - विधीमंडळ प्रमुखांच्या डाव्या बाजूला प्रथम ओळीत बसण्याचा हक्क. - राष्ट्रपतींच्या दोन्ही सभागृहांना संबोधनाच्या वेळी प्रथम ओळीत आसन. - विरोधी पक्षाचे आवाज, सावली पंतप्रधान म्हणून कार्य. 🔹 इतर भूमिका आणि जबाबदाऱ्या - विरोधी पक्षाचे प्रतिनिधित्व महत्त्वाच्या नियुक्ती समित्यांमध्ये: - CBI चे संचालक - केंद्रीय सतर्कता आयुक्त (CVC) - मुख्य माहिती आयुक्त (CIC) - राष्ट्रीय मानवाधिकार आयोगाचे (NHRC) अध्यक्ष आणि सदस्य - लोकपाल - सार्वजनिक खाते, सार्वजनिक उपक्रम, अंदाज आणि संयुक्त संसदीय समित्यांमध्ये सदस्य. [mahaias.online](https://mahaias.online) विरोधी पक्षनेते पद मागील दोन कार्यकाळात रिक्त होते. ✅✅✅ ---

Sure, here is the version with abbreviations: --- Leader of Opposition (LoP) - Key Points 🔹 Position in LS & RS - Est. by Salary & Allowances of LoP in Parliament Act, 1977. - Needs at least 10% of MPs in House to qualify. - Entitled to salary & allowances as per 1954 Act. 🔹 Powers in House - Ranked No. 7 in Order of Precedence, alongside Union Cabinet Ministers. - Sits front row left of Chair with ceremonial privileges. - Seat during President's Address to both Houses. - Acts as opposition's voice, seen as shadow PM. 🔹 Other Roles & Responsibilities - Represents opposition in key appointment committees: - Dir. of CBI - CVC - CIC - Chairperson & Members of NHRC - Lokpal - Member of crucial committees incl. Public Accounts, Public Undertakings, Estimates, & Joint Parliamentary Committees. [mahaias.online](https://mahaias.online) --- The leader of the opposition post was vacant for the last two terms of the Lok Sabha. ✅✅✅

✅Plant Diseases✅ 1. Fungal Diseases - Powdery Mildew: Common in vegetables, fruits, and ornamental plants. - Downy Mildew: Affects grapes, lettuce, and brassicas. - Rusts: Affect wheat and other cereal crops. - Late Blight: Affects potatoes and tomatoes. - Leaf Spot: Common in tomatoes and cereals. 2. Bacterial Diseases - Bacterial Blight: Affects rice. - Fire Blight: Affects apple and pear trees. - Bacterial Wilt: Common in tomatoes and potatoes. - Crown Gall: Affects roses and fruit trees. 3. Viral Diseases - Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV): Affects tobacco and tomatoes. - Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus: Affects tomatoes. - Papaya Ring Spot Virus: Affects papaya. - Cucumber Mosaic Virus: Affects cucumbers and other vegetables. - Banana Bunchy Top Virus: Affects bananas. 4. Nematode Diseases - Root Knot Nematodes: Affect vegetables and fruits. - Cyst Nematodes: Affect soybeans, potatoes, and cereals. - Lesion Nematodes: Affect fruits and vegetables. ✅Animal Diseases✅ 1. Viral Diseases - Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD): Affects cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats. - Rabies: Affects all mammals including humans. - Newcastle Disease: Affects poultry. - African Swine Fever: Affects pigs. - Bluetongue: Affects sheep and cattle. 2. Bacterial Diseases - Anthrax: Affects cattle, sheep, and humans. - Brucellosis: Affects cattle, goats, and humans. - Tuberculosis: Affects cattle and humans. - Leptospirosis: Affects cattle, pigs, and humans. - Salmonellosis: Affects poultry and humans. 3. Parasitic Diseases - Coccidiosis: Affects poultry and rabbits. - Toxoplasmosis: Affects cats, sheep, and humans. - Fascioliasis (Liver Fluke): Affects cattle, sheep, and humans. - Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness): Affects cattle and humans. - Scabies (Sarcoptic Mange): Affects pigs, dogs, and humans. 4. Fungal Diseases - Aspergillosis: Affects poultry and humans. - Ringworm (Dermatophytosis): Affects cattle, horses, and humans. - Candida Infections: Affects poultry and other animals. - Histoplasmosis: Affects dogs, cats, and humans.

(5) Economic and Social Development - Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector initiatives, etc. (५) आर्थिक आणि सामाजिक विकास - शाश्वत विकास, SDG, MDG HDI, GDI, MPI etc Earth summit and environmental sustinability, climate change, COP Health education related schemes Women, disabled, children old age related schemes गरिबी, Absolute poverty and relative poverty Indexes HPI,Hunger index Poverty related committees समावेशन, Schemes for inclusion ( financial, social ) Social security schemes लोकसंख्याशास्त्र, Population data ( india. Maha) National policies सामाजिक क्षेत्रातील पुढाकार इ. All schemes in social sectors #Hot-Topics #Economy www.mahaias.online

--- ✅ मानवी विकास निर्देशांक (HDI) ✅ स्थापना वर्ष: 1990 भारताचा क्रमांक: - 2022: 134 - 2021: 135 HDI चे तीन मुख्य घटक: 1. 🟢 आयुर्मान: लोकसंख्येच्या सरासरी आयुष्याचा मोजमाप, जो एकूण आरोग्य आणि दीर्घायुष्य दर्शवतो. 2. 🟢 शिक्षण: - प्रौढांच्या सरासरी शालेय वर्षे: प्रौढांनी प्राप्त केलेल्या सरासरी शिक्षणाचे वर्ष. - अपेक्षित शालेय वर्षे: मुलांनी मिळवलेल्या एकूण अपेक्षित शिक्षणाचे वर्ष. 3. 🟢 जीवनमान: प्रति व्यक्तीच्या खरेदी शक्ती समायोजित (PPP) सकल राष्ट्रीय उत्पन्न (GNI) द्वारे मोजले जाते, जे नागरिकांचे सरासरी उत्पन्न आणि आर्थिक कल्याण प्रतिबिंबित करते. #HDI #Economy ---