🟥 ORTHOPEDIC_2ndBATCH

■ Posterior hip dislocation: Shortened, internally rotated leg. ■ Anterior hip dislocation:  Lengthened, externally rotated leg . ■ Hip fracture: Shortened, externally rotated leg.

Clinical Features of Volkman’s Ischemic Contracture (VIC) •• Pain out of proportion to physical examination findings. •• Pain on passive stretching: 1st sign •• Pressure increased •• Pallor/may also be pink •• Pulselessness •• Paresthesia •• Paralysis (Pulselessness is a late sign and is unreliable for diagnosis of compartment syndrome)

🌸 Volkman's ischemic contracture involves the most commonly Flexor digitorum profundus👌

🌸 Named fracture of the upper limb 🌹 Colles-fracture of the distal radius with dorsal angulation of the distal bone fragment 🌹 Smiths fracture-reverse Colles fracture.fractures of the distal one third of the radius with palmar displacement 🌹 Galeazzi fracture dislocation-fracture of the lower third of the radius and subluxation of the distal radio ulnar joint. 🌹 Monteggia fracture dislocation fracture of the shaft of ulna with dislocation of proximal radio ulnar joint. 🌹 Barton’s fracture - intra-articular fracture of distal radius 🌹 Rolando fracture: intraarticular comminuted fracture of the base of the first metacarpal with a t or Y configuration 🌹 Chauffeurs fracture-fracture of the radial styloid 🌹 Essex lopresti - fracture of the radial head with disruption of the interosseous membrane and distal radial ulnar joint ligament 🌹 Nightstick fracture: isolated fracture of the radial or ulnar bone 🌹 Bennet’s fracture: It is an oblique fracture of the base of 1st metacarpal.It is intra-articular and may be associated with subluxation or dislocation of metacarpal. 🌹 Boxer’s fracture : It is fracture of neck of  metacarpal, and most commonly involves neck of 5th metacarpal. اهم شيء اول اربعه 🤗

Xray of knee joint No name no age no sex AP&lateral view show total knee replacement The main indication 1-pain with deformity 2-instability Complication 1.DVT 2.Infection 3.lossening 4.Patellar problems

Median nerve injery..carpal tunnel syndrome 1_loss sensation in radial three and half digit 2_pointing sign 3_pinch defect Treatment _If the nerve is divided , suturing or nerve grafting should always be attempted _Postoperatively the wrist is splinted in flexion to avoid tension. _Late lesions are sometimes seen, if there has been no recovery , tendon transfer can be done

Ulnar nerve 1_numbness in ulner one and half finger 2_claw hand deformity in low lesions Treatment _Exploration and suturing of a divided nerve , anterior transposition at the elbow permits closure of gap up to 5cm. _while recovery is awaited , the skin should be protected from burn, passive physiotherapy keeps the hands supple and useful _If there is no recovery after nerve repair , tendon transfer can be done

anterior shoulder dislocation 1-flattening of lateral aspect of the shoulder 2-hold the affected arm with another 3-prominence acromion 4-head of humer is present Complications: Anterior Dislocation 1_Early *Axillary nerve damage *Unreduced dislocation 2_Late * Recurrent dislocation *Traumatic osteoarthritis *Shoulder stiffnes Posterior Dislocation Early *Unreduced dislocation Late * Recurrent dislocation *Traumatic osteoarthritis *Shoulder stiffnes

Radial nerve injury a_high lesion wrist drop b_loss sensation around anatomical snuffbox Treatment : _Open injuries should be explored and the nerve is repaired or grafted _Closed injuries are usually first or second degree lesions , and function eventually returns _If the palsy is present on admission , one can wait for 6 weeks to see if it starts to recovers. If it does not , then EMG should be performed , if this show denervation potentials , then the nerve should explored. _While recovery is awaited , the small joints of the hand must be put through a full range of passive movements _If recovery does not occur , the disability can be largely overcome by tendon transverse.

Support the forearm with elbow in slight flexion method of conservative tx in elbow dislocation