Cocci

نصيحة عظيمة ل د/علام ❤️

« واعلم أن ما أخطأك لم يكن ليصيبك، وما أصابك لم يكن ليخطئك » اللهم عوضنا خيرا مما كنا نظنه خيرا وارحمنا فلا رحمه مطلوبه الا منك 🤍

الحمد لله ان الامتحان عدي ❤️ وَلَا تَيْئَسُوا مِن رَّوْحِ اللَّهِ إِنَّهُ لَا يَيْئَسُ مِن رَّوْحِ اللَّهِ إِلَّا الْقَوْمُ الْكَافِرُونَ"  مهما كانت النتيجة ربنا كبير 🤍🌿 ادعي ربنا بالنتيجة اللي عاوزها حتي لو الأسباب بتقول عكس كده.. قدرة ربنا كبيرة و لما بندعي بحاجة و بنقول ازاي طيب هتحصل و انا غلطت.. فكأننا بنحكم قدرة ربنا لمحدودية عقلنا البشري ازاي بقا و ربنا يرزق بالاسباب، وبدون الأسباب و باستحالة الأسباب! "قال كذلك قال ربك هو علي هين وقد خلقتك من قبل و لم تكُ شيئاً" متحسبهاش بالورقة و القلم 👈👉 ونركز في اللي جاي بقى ❤️

الامتحان حرفياً داس على وشي

افتكروني بدعوه حلوه ❤️

🎀 ☄Amaurosis Fugax -attacks of Transient visual loss for few sec In papilledema ............................................. ☄Boat-shaped hemorrhage In pre-retinal hemorrhage ☄Flame shaped hemorrhage Superficial retinal hemorrhage -in nerve fiber layer ☄Dot & blot hemorrhage In deep retinal hemorrhage -in inner nuclear layer ☄Copper wire arterioles Partial opaqueness of arteriolar wall In grade 3 of arteriosclerotic changes ☄Silver wire arterioles Total opaqueness of arteriolar wall In grade 4 arteriosclerotic changes ☄Bonnet sign Banking of vein distal to crossing In grade 3 arteriosclerotic changes ☄Gunn sign Tapering of vein on either side of crossing -In grade 3 arteriosclerotic changes ☄Boxcarring sign Segmentation of blood columns in both retinal arteries & veins -In CRAO ☄Cherry red spot -central retinal artery occlusion -commotio retinae -cherry red spot synderome ☄Drusens Yellow deposits between retina & choroid -in dry form of ARMD ☄Geographic Atrophy Break down of light sensitive cells in macula -in dry form of ARMD ☄Cann Tapping blindness Age related macular degeneration ............ ☄Griesinger sign Edema over contralateral mastoid -In Cavernous sinus thrombosis (that involve the contralateral sinus) -in acute mastoiditis also ☄Dalrymple sign Lid Retraction in thyroid eye disease ☄Von Fraefe's sign Upper eyelid lag on downward gaze ☄Stellwage sign Infrequent blinking ☄Mobius sign Weakness of convergence -in thyroid eye disease #notes_SS #cocci

✅the commonest congenital anomaly of the auricle Bat ear ✅The most common cause of Traumatic rupture of drum Hand slap Usually in pars tensa ✅Most common congenital anomaly of the middle ear Dehiscence of the bony facial canal ✅The most common affected joint in ossicular disruption Incudo-stapedial joint 🔴Don't squeeze furuncle in external ear ✅The most common route of infection in acute Otitis media Through eustachian tube ✅The Most common source of infection in acute Otitis media Nose ✅Otitis media is more common in infants & children ✅Otitis media complications are more common among infants & children ✅The most common type of chronic suppurative OM Tubo-tympanic (safe) type ✅The most common benign tumor of middle ear Glomus tumor ✅The most common malignant tumor of middle ear Squamous cell carcinoma ✅The most common complaint of Glomus tumor Pulsating tinnitus ✅The most common type of otosclerosis Stapedial otosclerosis ✅The most common cause of Sudden & flactuant Conductive Deafness Wax ✅The most common cause of bilateral Conductive hearing loss Secretory OM ✅The most common site of congenital cholesteatoma Petrous apex ✅The most accepted theory of cholesteatoma Primary acquired cholesteatoma (Prolonged ET obstruction) ✅The most common cause of perceptive Deafness is cochlear conditions (Sensory HL) ✅The most common cause of SNHL is Presbyacusis ✅The most important item for diagnosis of vertigo History ✅The most common cause of vertigo Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo ✅The 2nd most common cause of vertigo Vestibular neuritis ✅The most accurate method for diagnosis of nystagmus Electronystagmography ✅The most important balance test Video nystagmography ✅The most common type of mastoid air cells Cellular ✅Majority of cases of Sudden SNHL Idiopathic (viral or vascular) ✅The most recent hearing aids Digital hearing aids ✅The earliest nerve to be affected by Acoustic neuroma Trigeminal N (loss of corneal reflex) #notes_SS #cocci

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🍭Compare bone conduction with air conduction in the same ear Rinne's test 🍭Compare bone conduction of both ears Weber test 🍭Compare bone conduction of patient with that of the examiner Schwbach's test 🍭Compare bone conduction of the patient with that of the examiner while pressing the tragus inward Absolute bone conduction test 🍭Level at which pt can repeat 50% of spondee words Speech Reception Threshold 🍭Threshold at which pt just detect presence of sound Speech Detection Threshold 🍭List of monosyllabic words presented to pt at 40 dB above SRT Speech Discrimination Threshold 🍭Record Child response to sound presented through Loud speakers Free field audiometry 🍭Recording of electric potential occuring in response to Auditory stimulation Auditory Brainstem Response 🍭Energy produced by outer hair cells of cochlea 👉propagated through middle ear 👉picked up in external canal Otoacoustic Emission 🍭Used to differentiate between cochlear & retrocochlear lesion ✔️Speech audiometry ✔️Otoacoustic emission 🍭Used in neonatal Screening Otoacoustic Emission 🍭Pressure at which peak of tympanogram occurs represent middle ear pressure 🍭In Absolute Bone Conduction test If pt has CHL 👉ABC is normal #notes_SS #cocci

ENT audiology 🧨Normal human ear can hear sounds with intensity range = 0 to 140 dB 🧨Whispering voice test is normally heared at 9 feet 🧨Conversational voice test is normally heared at 9 meters 🧨Frequency of Tunning fork used in audiological assessment 👉512 Hz 🧨Frequency tested by Pure tone audiometry 👉125 to 8000 Hz 🧨Intensity range tested by Pure tone audiometry 👉 -10 to 120 dB 🧨Intensity of sound used in speech discrimination test 40 dB above SRT 🧨In Tympanometry, pressure in external canal is changed from -200 mmH2O to +200 mmH2O 🧨Normal middle ear pressure 👉 0-25 mmH2O 🧨In type A tympanogram, peak is at zero 🧨Response to ABR is formed of 5 waves 🧨Free field audiometry is done in frequencies 500 to 4000Hz 🧨Speech discrimination score Normally 👉100% Conductive HL 👉100% but higher intensity Sensory HL 👉50-70% Neural HL 👉<40% 🧨Profound HL >90db 🧨Acute acoustic trauma : Hearing loss is max at 5500Hz 🧨Chronic acoustic trauma -Noise above 85 dB -Hearing loss is max at 4000Hz 🧨Stapedectomy is indicated in Stapedial otosclerosis if air bone gap >20 dB #notes_SS #cocci