UPSC HOTSPOT

✅ Cellular Agriculture: Cellular agriculture is a way of producing animal-based products, such as meat, milk, and eggs, without the need for raising and slaughtering animals. Instead, these products are grown from cells in a laboratory using techniques such as tissue engineering and fermentation. 🔷 Examples: 📌 Perfect Day, a start-up in California uses genetically-engineered fungi to produce milk proteins, such as whey protein, without the need for cows. 📌 TurtleTree Labs in Singapore is the first company to use stem cells from mammals to make milk in large bioreactors. 🟢 Refer: Lab-Grown Meat (https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/lab-grown-meat-upside-good-meat-usda-fda-explained/article67001226.ece) #Science_and_tech #Agriculture #GS3

❇️ E -Prime Layer: 🔷 The formation of new enigmatic layer – E prime layer – at the outermost part of Earth's core is a result of "surface water penetrating deep into the planet," altering the composition of the metallic liquid core's outermost region. ✅ How did this layer develop over time? 🔷 This latest research suggests that tectonic plates carrying surface water have transported it deep into the Earth over billions of years. Upon reaching the core-mantle boundary about 1,800 miles below the surface, this water initiates significant chemical changes, influencing the core's structure. 🔷 Sub ducted water chemically reacts, under high pressure, with silicon and form silica. 🔷 This reaction leads to the formation of a hydrogen-rich, silicon-depleted layer at the outer core, resembling a film-like structure. 🔷 Silica crystals generated by this process ascend and blend into the mantle, impacting the overall composition. 🔷 These modifications in the liquid metallic layer could potentially result in reduced density and altered seismic characteristics, aligning with anomalies detected by seismologists. 🟢 Back to Basics: Interior Layers of Earth(https://t.me/upschotspot/3955) #Geography #GS1

Bail Provisions in India #Polity

❇️OPEC AND OPEC + Countries 🎯 News: Angola opt out of OPEC 🔷 OPEC uses Brent Crude as a benchmark for quality 🎯 BRENT CRUDE: 🔹 low sweetness 🔹 High sulphur 🔹 Low cost Refer: https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/angola-quit-opec-reducing-membership-12-countries-2023-12-22/ Refer: Brent Crude vs Western Texas intermediate - https://t.me/upschotspot/2797 #International_Relations #GS2

❇️ Blue Line: Border Between Israel and Lebanon ❇️ Shebaa farms: Disputed Territory between Israel and Lebanon ❇️ Golan Heights: Disputed Territory between Israel and Syria #International_Relations #GS2 #maps

❇️ RISE Initiative 🎯 News: The World Bank has partnered with several countries to launch the Resilient and Inclusive Supply-chain Enhancement(RISE) initiative. The RISE Initiative: 🔷 Launched by: World Bank in partnership with Japan, Italy, Republic of Korea, Canada and United Kingdom 🔷 Aim: To deal with two important problems: creating jobs and addressing climate change. 🔷 Focus: The initiative will focus on assisting emerging markets and developing countries in expanding their clean-energy production and increasing their involvement in the minerals industry. – This effort is expected to stimulate economic growth and generate quality local jobs, ultimately contributing to poverty alleviation. Funding: The initiative has received substantial financial support from Japan, Canada, Italy, the Republic of Korea, and the United Kingdom #IR #GS2

Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework #Environment

Martial Art Forms of India Credits - Vajiram and Ravi IAS #Art_and_Culture

If you are tired, rest.. Don't quit

#Motivation