مُحللـون / Analysts

Onchocerca volvulus ✔ال Morphology اقروها بالملزمة ✔ intermediate host/ female simulium ✔ vector الناقل / Black fly . ✔ infective stage / Microfilaria. ✔المرض الي تسببه / river blindness ✔ Diagnosis Superficial biopsy ( skin snip).

Tissue Nematodes. 🟠Filarial worms : 🟠المضيف الناقل / insect vector 🟠 Habitat: Lymphatic system or subcutaneous Tissue of man . 🟠 infective stage: filariform larvae ⚫ Wuchereria bancrofti ⚫ Habitat: Lymph nodes and Lymphatic vessels ⚫ المرض الي تسببه / Lymphatic filariasis. ⚫ intermediate host: arthropod. ⚫ infective stage: microfilaria 🔴 ال pathogenecity and clinical features والأعراض اقروهن بالملزمة صفحة 34 ⚫ Diagnosis/Blood film.

Trichuris trichiura (Whip worm): 🔶️ The worm divided into a thin whip -like anterior part. And a thick fleshy posterior part. 🔶️ Morphology Male➡️ The posterior end is coiled and possesses asingle cubicle . Female ➡️ The posterior end is straight. 🔶️ infective stage/ mature egg. 🔴 بالنسبة لل life cycle فهم مو حفظ اقروها بالملزمة 🔶️ الأعراض The patient complains of dysentery (blood and mucus in stool together with tenesmus ) Rectal prolapse is also possible. 🔶️Diagnosis Finding of characteristic egg The egg of trichuris is barrel shaped The shell is thick with one mucoid plug at each pole.

Intestinal nematodes without tissue stage. 🟣 Enterbius vermicularis ( pin worm or thread worm) 🟣 أسم المرض / Enterbiasis 🟣تصيب فقط الأطفال 🟣 Morphology Male ➡️ The posterior end is curved and carries a single copulatory spicule. Female ➡️The posterior end is straight. 🟣 infective stage/ eggs . 🟣 بالنسبة لل Mode of infection وال clinical presentation اقروها بالملزمة صفحة 30 و 31 بالنسبة للملزمة الغير مترجمة 🟣 Diagnosis - eggs in stool: examination of the stool by direct saline smeer to detect the egg. - peri-anal swab.

Strongyloides strecralis :. 🔴 Morphology: Male ➡️ The posterior end is curved and carries two spicules. Female ➡️The posterior end straight. 🔴 infective stage:. Filariform larvae. 🔴 clinical presentation: The patient complains of mucoid diarrhea, larvae in the lungs may cause pneumonia. 🔴 اسم المرض الي تسببه / strongyloidiasis 🔴 Diagnosis/ Detection of rhabditiform larvae of strongyloides in stool.

Hookworms. 🟣There are two species of Hookworms:. 1- Ancylostoma duodenale. 2- Necator Americans. 🟣 Habitat Adult worm are found in the small intestinal of man. ⚪ Ancylostoma duodenale. ⚪ Morphology: Male ➡️ The posterior end is broadend into Membraneous copulatory bursa that is provided with two long spicules. Female ➡️ The posterior end is straight 🔴 ملاحظة / ال Female دائما تكون أكبر من male لأحتوائها على egg. ⚪Necator americanus. ⚪Morphology Male ➡️ The posterior end is broadened into amembraneous copulatory bursa. Is provided with two long spicules fused dismally. Female ➡️ The posterior end is straight ⚪ infective stage/ larva ⚪ Diagnosis/ examination of the stool saline smear to detect the egg.

هذا مخطط لأقسام ال Nematode حتى يسهل عليكم

Nematodes (Round worm) :. 🔴 General characteristics : 1- They are un segmented 2- elongated and cylindrical. 3- The have separate sexes with separate appearances. 4- Thy have a tough protective covering or cuticle. 5- They have a complete digestive tract. 🔴 Life cycle of parasitic Nematodes includes ( egg, larvae, adult) يكون اما على شكل فراغ بالامتحان او على شكل اختيارات انتبهوا 🔴 Morphology Male ➡️ The posterior end curved ventrally . Female ➡️ The posterior end is straight. 🔴 infective stage/ egg

حنزل كـلاس النيماتودا مساعدة من صديقتنا رتاج فائق ( حبيبتي اللّه يوفقج ويحرسج. ♥️) بقوا عندها نوعين باجر تكملهم لان تعبت ادعولها بالتوفيق

شُكراً لصديقتنا رتاج ع مسـاعدة تكملة لتخليص الفوك زهراء حيدر + مو بس تعتمدون عليهم ، هذهِ فقط حتى تعرفون شنو تقرأون بالملزمة. ♥️ مو بعدين تكولون ها رتاج وزهراء لخصت وماأجه وتبقون تحجون 🙂🙂

Paragonimus wastermani (lung fluke) 🔴 ايضا ال Morphology اقروا بالملزمة 🟣 First intermediate host/ snail 🟣second intermediate host/ crab 🟣 infective stage/ crab . 🔴 الأعراض Cough , Hemoptysis, tuberculosis. 🔴 التشخيص 1. Radiocruph aid diagnosis 2. Definitive diagnosis is based on finding ova ,sputum,stool 3.Multi- dot ELISA.

Fasciola hepatic 🔴 بالنسبة لل Morphology اقروها بالملزمة 🟣 Definitive host / demostic animals (bile duct). 🟣 intermediate host/snail & water vegetation. 🟣 infective stage/ matacercaria. 🔴 التشخيص Egg : The diagnosis is confirmed by presence of egg in feces. Repeated examination and concentration techniques are recommended. Serology is useful when the clinical picture is compatible and eggs are not found.

Chonorchis sinensis (Chinese liver Fluke) . * Lives in bile ducts of liver in human and other mammals. * Acquired by eating fresh water fish containing Fluke larvae . * cause/ chonorchiasis. Life cycle :. Miracidium ➡️ sporocyst➡️ Redia ➡️ cercariae➡️ Metacercari➡️ Adult worm ➡️ egg بالنسبة لدورة الحياة ⬆️⬆️ تردون تقروها بشكل نقاط موجودة بالملزمة او بشكل مخطط 🔴 الأعراض Fever ,Abdominal pain , diarrhea ,Tander. 🟣 التشخيص 1- History of eating raw fish . 2- stool examination: A. egg - concentration method B. Duodenal aspirate exam . 3- lmmunological test. Defintive host / human First and second Intermediate host/ dogs, cats, and rats. Infective stage/ Miracidia

Fasciolopsis buski ( Giant Fluke) Large intestinal Fluke. Cause Fasciolopsis Life cycle :. Adult worm ➡️ egg ➡️ miracidium➡️ sporocyst➡️ mother rediae ➡️ daughter rediae➡️ cercariae➡️ metacercariae. Definitive host / pig ,human. Intermediate host/ freshwater snail and water vegetation. Inhabit organ / small intestinal. Infective stage/ metacercaria المخطط مال ال pathogenesis بالملزمة اقروا . Clinical manifestation :. In adult/ Diarrhea, hunger pain, simulating peptic ulcer. In children / weight loss, edema ,anema . Diagnosis التشخيص/ Finding the egg in stool of patient.

Schistosoma mansoni Habitat: in the veins of intestine Intermediate host/ Biomphalaria Defentive host/ Man . *بالنسبة لل Morphology ال Mala والfemale فهم افهموها النوع الثاني Urinary schistosomiasis Habitat/ The worm lives in the veins of the bladder of human . Intermediate host/ genera Bulinus (Bulinus africanus , B. truncatus) Defective host / man . بالنسبة لل male ال female فهم وال Schistosoma japonicum وال Schistosoma intercalatum ايضا فهم بالملزمة موجودات صفحة 15 بالنسبة للملزمة الغير مترجمة / المترجمة ما اعرف اي صفحة الأعراض/ S. haematobium suffer terminal haematuria and painful micturition And inflammation of Urinary bladder . S. mansoni suffer from cercarial dermatitis (swimmers itch) and dysentery ( mucus and blood in stool with tenesmus) S . haematobium cause squamous cell carcinoma in the bladder. Laboratory Diagnosis: S.mansoni /Microscopic examination of the stool for eggs after concentration by sedimentation method _ Rectal snip. S. haematobium/ examination of the urine after allowing it to sediment in a conical urinalysis glass. Biopsy from bladder . التشخيص المختبري كلش مهم وحتى أجه بأمتحان الشهر الأول ع شكل اختيارات بس ما اذكر تشخيص اي وحدة أجه

Schistosomiasis (Bilharziasis) Q :what are the schistosoes cause? احتمال يجي كصيغة سؤال او على شكل اختيارات او صح وخطأ 1-lntestinal hepatosplenic 2- Pulmonary 3- urogenital 4- cerebral and other forms of schistosomiasis * Schistosome is the only fluke with separate sexes احتمال يجي اختيارات Q: What are the medically important species of schistosomes? بالنسبة لهذا السؤال اول 3 نقاط مهمة كلش احتمال يجي عدد او يجي بصيغة اختيارات كل وحدة وشنو اتسبب 1- Schistosoma Mansoni / causes intestinal Schistosomiasis 2- Schistosoma haematobium/causes urinary Schistosomiasis 3- Schistosoma japonicum /causes intestinal Schistosomiasis. 4- Schistosoma intercalatum /causes intestinal Schistosomiasis. 5- Schistosoma mekongi /causes intestinal Schistosomiasis.

Medical important Trematodes(Flukes) : Habitat : 1- alimentary canal 2- liver 3- bile duct 4- ureter 5-bladder 6-vertebrate animals. Q: What are the group of flukes? 1- blood flukes 2- Intestinal flukes 3- liver flukes 4- lung flukes

Dipylidium caninum (Dog Tapworm) Habitat: Adult: mucus membrane of small intestine of carnivores such as dog, cat Man Cysticercoid larvae:ln the body cavity of insects. Egg: in the feces of dog ,cat ,man. Q: What are the Morphology of Dipylidium caninum? _Adult 20-60 cm Scolex with 4 suckers Storblia : many proglottides each with two sets of genital organs. Egg: 5-15 eggs in capsule ,and yellowish brown in color Larvae (Cysticercoid) Definitive host / man Intermediate host/ fleas ,insect. Infective stage/ Cysticercoid. Pathology/ dipylidiasis Diagnosis التشخيص /Finding gravid segments and Egg in the feces.