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—>India’s first hydrogen-powered train, based on hydrogen fuel-cell technology that emits only water vapour, will operate on the Jind–Sonipat route in Haryana. —>Germany was the first country to introduce commercial hydrogen-powered passenger trains (Coradia iLint).

Mission SANA • Mission SANA launched India’s first indigenous super-pressure stratospheric balloon platform (VISTA) from Indira Gandhi Stadium, Vijayawada. • Altitude: ~25 km above Earth (in the stratosphere/near-space region). • India joined a select group of nations with indigenous stratospheric hydrogen balloon capability- USA, France, Japan, China, and India. • Developer: Red Balloon Aerospace. • Key Advantage: Can remain at a fixed altitude for weeks to months, unlike conventional balloons. • Applications: Telecommunications, Earth observation, disaster management, surveillance, and navigation support. The balloon uses hydrogen as the lifting gas, making it a stratospheric hydrogen balloon system. • Exam Fact: The near-space region generally lies between 20 km and 100 km altitude; VISTA operates in the lower part of this region. Aircraft usually operate below 10 km, while most satellites orbit above 160 km, creating a capability gap that near-space platforms can fill.

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Stealth Technology • Stealth technology is the technology of reducing the detectability of a military platform (aircraft, ship, missile, submarine) by radar, infrared, acoustic, visual and electromagnetic sensors. • It works by reducing the Radar Cross Section (RCS) —> the measure of how much radar energy is reflected back to the radar. Major techniques: • Special angular shaping to deflect radar waves away. • Radar Absorbing Materials (RAM) coating. • Reduction of infrared signature from engine exhaust. • Reduction of electronic emissions. • Stealth does not mean invisible. It only delays detection, tracking and targeting. Stealth aircraft can still be detected by: • Low-frequency (VHF/UHF) radars, • Infrared Search and Track (IRST) systems, • Multi-static radar networks. Interlink: https://t.me/bpscweb/33361

India's first-ever rock check dam is located on the Indus River in Upshi, Ladakh. Inaugurated by Ladakh Lieutenant Governor Vinai Kumar Saxena, it was launched as the flagship project of the Sindhu Jal Samriddhi Abhiyan to resolve seasonal water scarcity for local farmers