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Repost from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
🛡 *Increasing order of formation of banking institutions :-*
Trick :- Man by doing AGRICULTURE built a HOUSE, then an INDUSTRY and remaining money he invested IN SECURITY MARKET.
NABARD : agriculture 1982.
NHB : house1988.
SIDBI : industry 1990.
SEBI : securities market 1992.
| 2 | *🌏SEA OF AZOV*
📍 Why in News?
✅ Ukraine has reportedly struck five ships allegedly carrying illegal cargo in the Sea of Azov, highlighting its strategic importance in the Russia–Ukraine conflict.
📍 Location
✅ Located in Eastern Europe
✅ Bordered by Russia (east) and Ukraine (north and west)
✅ Crimean Peninsula lies to its west
✅ Connected to the Black Sea through the Kerch Strait
📍 Connectivity
✅ Linked to the Atlantic Ocean via:
Black Sea → Sea of Marmara → Aegean Sea → Mediterranean Sea → Atlantic Ocean
📍 Key Features
✅ Shallowest sea in the world
✅ Average depth: 7 metres (23 feet)
✅ Characterised by low salinity due to heavy freshwater inflow
📍 Major Rivers
✅ Don River
✅ Kuban River
➡️ These rivers significantly reduce the sea’s salinity.
📍 Important Geographical Feature
✅ Arabat Spit – a 113 km-long sandbar, one of the longest in Europe
📍 Major Ports
✅ Ukraine: Mariupol, Berdyansk
✅ Russia: Yeysk, Taganrog
📍 Strategic Importance
✅ Acts as a crucial maritime route for trade and energy transport
✅ Supports fisheries and regional commerce
✅ Holds significant geopolitical and military importance due to its connection with the Black Sea and proximity to conflict zones
🎯 UPSC Prelims Fact: The Sea of Azov is the world’s shallowest sea and is connected to the Black Sea through the Kerch Strait. | 19 |
| 3 | 🛡️ *Tribal Art in India*
Diverse array of expressions reflecting lives, beliefs, and customs.
💎 *Example:*
♟️ *Warli Art (Maharashtra)-* Simple geometric shapes depicting harmony with nature.
♟️ *Gond Art (Central India)-* Vibrant hues, intricate patterns, rich mythology.
♟️ *Madhubani Painting (Bihar)-* Intricate motifs, bold colors, scenes from mythology.
♟️ *Pattachitra Art (Odisha)-* Mythological narratives on cloth or palm leaves.
♟️ *Santhal Art (Eastern India)-* Earthy tones, tribal motifs using natural materials.
♟️ *Saura Painting (Odisha)-* Vibrant colors, geometric patterns, depicting deities and myths.
♟️ *Bhil Art (Rajasthan & Madhya Pradesh)-* Folkore, rituals, nature, animals, deities.
♟️ *Phad Painting (Rajasthan)-* Stories of deities, heroes, and legends on large scrolls.
♟️ *Pithora Painting (Gujarat & Madhya Pradesh)-* Ritualistic art for blessings.
♟️ *Toda Embroidery (Tamil Nadu)-* Geometric patterns using natural materials. | 6 |
| 4 | *🛡️Ethics in Action: The Manjunath Shanmugam Story*
♟️ *Man of Integrity*
♟️Manjunath Shanmugam, a sales officer at Indian Oil Corporation (IOC), stood firm against corruption by exposing and preventing the sale of adulterated fuel.
♟️His courageous actions to shut down a corrupt petrol station in Lakhimpur Kheri, Uttar Pradesh ultimately led to his tragic murder.
♟️ *Legacy and Inspiration*
♟️His sacrifice has inspired students across India, including those from IIM, IIT, and other institutions, to fight against corruption and stand up for ethical governance.
♟️The students at IIM set up the Manjunath Shanmugam Trust, initially to fight for justice in his case, with the long-term vision of improving governance in public life.
♟️ *Ethical Takeaway*
♟️Integrity and courage in the face of adversity are core ethical values.
♟️The Manjunath Shanmugam Trust exemplifies how individual action can spark a broader societal movement toward accountability and transparency in governance. | 4 |
| 5 | “Empowerment of women leads to the development of a good family, good society and, ultimately, a good nation.
When the woman is happy, the home is happy. When the home is happy, the society is happy, and when the society is happy, the state is happy, and when the state is happy, there will be peace in the country, and it will develop at a greater pace.”
*APJ Abdul Kalam*
He highlights the vital role of women's empowerment in creating a harmonious and prosperous society.
*Empowering women leads to:*
⭐Good family: Women's empowerment strengthens family bonds and creates a nurturing environment.
⭐Good society: Empowered women contribute to a more compassionate, equitable, and just society.
⭐Good nation: A society with empowered women leads to a more prosperous, peaceful, and developed nation.
*The ripple effect of a happy woman:*
⭐Happy home: A woman's happiness creates a positive and supportive family environment.
⭐Happy society: A happy home contributes to a harmonious and thriving society.
⭐Happy state: A happy society leads to a stable and prosperous nation.
⭐Peace and development: A happy nation enjoys peace and rapid development.
⭐Kalam's quote emphasizes the significance of women's empowerment in building a better world. By empowering women, we create a positive impact on families, societies, and nations, ultimately leading to peace and prosperity. | 3 |
| 6 | *🛡️Branches of Biology*
*♟️Apiculture* – Study of beekeeping.
*♟️Sericulture* – Study of silkworm rearing.
*♟️Pisciculture* – Study of fish farming.
*♟️Horticulture* – Study of garden cultivation.
*♟️Floriculture* – Cultivation of flowers.
*♟️Mycology* – Study of fungi.
*♟️Phycology* – Study of algae.
*♟️Anthrology* – Study of flowers.
*♟️Ichthyology* – Study of fishes.
*♟️Ophiology* – Study of snakes.
*♟️Sauralogy* – Study of lizards.
*♟️Entomology* – Study of insects.
*♟️Ornithology* – Study of birds.
*♟️Serology* – Study of blood serum.
*♟️Osteology* – Study of bones.
*♟️Oncology* – Study related to cancer.
*♟️Parasitology* – Study of parasitic organisms.
*♟️Conchology* – Study of mollusk shells. | 2 |
| 7 | *🛡️Retired Judge*
♟️At any time, the chief justice of India can request a retired judge of the Supreme Court or a retired judge of a high court (who is duly qualified for appointment as a judge of the Supreme Court) to act as a judge of the Supreme Court for a temporary period.
♟️He can do so only with the previous consent of the president and also of the person to be so appointed.
♟️Such a judge is entitled to such allowances as the president may determine.
♟️He will also enjoy all the jurisdiction, powers and privileges of a judge of Supreme Court. But, he will not otherwise be deemed to be a judge of the Supreme Court. | 2 |
| 8 | *🛡️Sangam Literature – Famous Texts*
*💎TRICK :-* TIRU SILA ETTU PATHU
♟️ *TIRU* → Tirukkural (By Thiruvalluvar – Ethics & Morality)
♟️ *SILA* → Silappadikaram (By Ilango Adigal – Story of Kannagi)
♟️ *ETTU* → Ettuthogai (Eight Anthologies)
♟️ *PATHU* → Pathupattu (Ten Idylls) | 2 |
| 9 | Foreign Travellers to the Vijayanagara Empire
1. Nicolo Conti — Italy — Deva Raya I
2. Abdur Razzaq — Persia — Deva Raya II
3. Duarte Barbosa — Portugal — Krishnadeva Raya
4. Domingo Paes — Portugal — Krishnadeva Raya
5. Fernao Nuniz — Portugal — Achyuta Deva Raya
6. Cesare Federici — Italy — Late Vijayanagara period
7. Athanasius Nikitin — Russia — Deva Raya II | 2 |
| 10 | 🛡️ *Evolution of Civil services in India*
♟️1. Cornwallis ( 1786-93) first to organise .
♟️ 2. Wellesley ( 1798-1805)
A. Fort William college for new recruits
B. 1806- Disapproved ( by Court of Directors)
C. East India College at Haileybury in England
♟️3. 1853- Open competition
♟️4. Indian Civil Service Act, 1861:
A. Age: 23 (1859), 22 ( 1860), 21 ( 1866), 19 ( 1878)
B. 1863- Satyendra Nath Tagore became first Indian to qualify
♟️5. Statutory civil service (1878-79: Lytton)
A. 1/6th covenanted post to Indians through nominations ( system failed and abolished)
♟️6. Aitchison Committee on Public Services ( 1886) - Dufferin
A. Drop covenanted and uncovenanted
B. Imperial Indian Civil service ( Exam- England), Provincial Civil Service ( exam- India),
Subordinate Civil Service ( Exam- India)
C. Raising Age limit to 23
♟️7. Montford Reforms 1919:
A. 1/3rd recruitment in India itself- to be raised annually by 1.5%
♟️8. Lee Commission 1924:
A. Direct recruit. To ICS on basis of 50:50 parity to be reached in 15 yrs
B. Public Service Commission to be established ( as laid in GoI Act,1919)
♟️9. GoI Act, 1935:
A. Establishment of Federal Public Service Commission and Provincial Public Service Commission. | 2 |
| 11 | 🛡️ *National Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP)*
♟️Align India’s biodiversity strategy with global targets like the Aichi Biodiversity Targets under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
♟️ *Biodiversity Loss* Caused by habitat fragmentation, pollution, and overexploitation of resources.
♟️ *Policy Gaps* Limited focus on biodiversity in developmental policies.
♟️ *Community Involvement* Insufficient participation in conservation efforts.
💎 *Proposed Measures*
♟️Site-Specific Plans: Develop management plans for Protected Areas.
♟️Community Monitoring: Promote participatory wildlife monitoring involving local communities.
♟️Integration with Climate Goals: Link biodiversity conservation with climate adaptation strategies.
💎 *Significance*
♟️NBAP ensures sustainable biodiversity conservation, addressing both national and global challenges. | 3 |
| 12 | *🛡️Space Debris*
♟️Space Debris (also called space junk or orbital debris) refers to all man-made objects in space that are no longer useful but still orbit the Earth.
*💎Main Sources*
*♟️1. Defunct satellites –* Old satellites that no longer work.
*♟️2. Rocket parts –* Stages or fragments left behind after launches.
*♟️3. Collision fragments –* Pieces created when satellites or rockets collide.
*♟️4. Mission-related objects –* Bolts, metal pieces, or tools left during missions.
*💎Dangers*
*♟️Damage to active satellites –* Debris can crash into working satellites.
*♟️Risk to astronauts –* Even tiny fragments can harm the International Space Station (ISS).
*♟️Kessler Syndrome –* A chain reaction where collisions create more debris, making space too dangerous.
*💎Solutions*
*♟️Graveyard orbit or re-entry –* Moving old satellites into a safer orbit or burning them up in Earth’s atmosphere.
*♟️Active Debris Removal (ADR) –* Using nets, robotic arms, or lasers to clear junk.
*♟️New space rules –* Agencies now design missions to reduce future debris.
*♟️In Short,* space debris = old satellites + rocket parts + fragments that make space operations risky. | 3 |
| 13 | *🛡️Pacific Ocean*
*💎Warm Currents:-*
♟️1. Kuroshio Current (Japan Current)
♟️2. North Equatorial Current
♟️3. South Equatorial Current
♟️4. East Australian Current
♟️5. Equatorial Counter Current
♟️6. Alaskan Current
*💎Cold Currents:-*
♟️1. Oyashio Current
♟️2. California Current
♟️3. Peru Current (Humboldt Current)
♟️4. West Wind Drift (part of Antarctic Circumpolar Current). | 1 |
| 14 | *🛡️Arrival Of European companies in chronological order*
*💎Trick:-* PD BD FS
♟️P = Portuguese (1498)
♟️D = Dutch
♟️B-BRITISH English) (1600)
♟️D = Dennis (1616)
♟️F = French (1664)
♟️S = Swedish (1731
*Hit 👍❤️👌 To Appreciate our Consistent Efforts.* | 2 |
| 15 | *🛡️Ethics in Action: The Manjunath Shanmugam Story*
♟️ *Man of Integrity*
♟️Manjunath Shanmugam, a sales officer at Indian Oil Corporation (IOC), stood firm against corruption by exposing and preventing the sale of adulterated fuel.
♟️His courageous actions to shut down a corrupt petrol station in Lakhimpur Kheri, Uttar Pradesh ultimately led to his tragic murder.
♟️ *Legacy and Inspiration*
♟️His sacrifice has inspired students across India, including those from IIM, IIT, and other institutions, to fight against corruption and stand up for ethical governance.
♟️The students at IIM set up the Manjunath Shanmugam Trust, initially to fight for justice in his case, with the long-term vision of improving governance in public life.
♟️ *Ethical Takeaway*
♟️Integrity and courage in the face of adversity are core ethical values.
♟️The Manjunath Shanmugam Trust exemplifies how individual action can spark a broader societal movement toward accountability and transparency in governance. | 3 |
| 16 | *Q) वस्तुओं के मूल्य बढ़ने और मुद्रा का मूल्य गिरने की स्थिति क्या कहलाती है?*
*Q) What is the condition called when prices rise and value of money falls?*
*______________________________________*
*(A) अपस्फीति / Deflation 🙏*
*(B) मुद्रास्फीति / Inflation ❤️*
*(C) मंदी / Recession 🥰*
*(D) अवसाद / Depression 👍*
*______________________________________*
👉 Give Your Right Answer | 2 |
| 17 | *✍️प्रमुख राष्ट्रीय उद्यान / Major National Parks*
=================================
*✅जिम कॉर्बेट राष्ट्रीय उद्यान (Jim Corbett National Park)*
➤ राज्य: उत्तराखंड
➤ स्थापना वर्ष: 1936
➤ प्रसिद्ध जीव: बंगाल टाइगर
➤ State: Uttarakhand
➤ Established: 1936
➤ Famous Animal: Bengal Tiger
*✅काजीरंगा राष्ट्रीय उद्यान (Kaziranga National Park)*
➤ राज्य: असम
➤ स्थापना वर्ष: 1905
➤ प्रसिद्ध जीव: एक सींग वाला गैंडा
➤ State: Assam
➤ Established: 1905
➤ Famous Animal: One-horned Rhinoceros
*✅रणथंभौर राष्ट्रीय उद्यान (Ranthambore National Park)*
➤ राज्य: राजस्थान
➤ स्थापना वर्ष: 1980
➤ प्रसिद्ध जीव: टाइगर
➤ State: Rajasthan
➤ Established: 1980
➤ Famous Animal: Tiger
*✅गिर राष्ट्रीय उद्यान (Gir National Park)*
➤ राज्य: गुजरात
➤ स्थापना वर्ष: 1965
➤ प्रसिद्ध जीव: एशियाई शेर
➤ State: Gujarat
➤ Established: 1965
➤ Famous Animal: Asiatic Lion
*✅सुंदरबन राष्ट्रीय उद्यान (Sundarbans National Park)*
➤ राज्य: पश्चिम बंगाल
➤ स्थापना वर्ष: 1984
➤ प्रसिद्ध जीव: रॉयल बंगाल टाइगर
➤ State: West Bengal
➤ Established: 1984
➤ Famous Animal: Royal Bengal Tiger
*✅कान्हा राष्ट्रीय उद्यान (Kanha National Park)*
➤ राज्य: मध्य प्रदेश
➤ स्थापना वर्ष: 1955
➤ प्रसिद्ध जीव: बारहसिंगा
➤ State: Madhya Pradesh
➤ Established: 1955
➤ Famous Animal: Barasingha
Tap ❤️ if this helped you! | 1 |
| 18 | 🛡️ *Banjara Culture*
♟️The Banjara community consists of various groups found throughout India, with a significant population in Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka.
♟️They have settled in permanent settlements called Tandas, abandoning their nomadic lifestyle.
♟️The Banjara people speak GorBoli, also known as Lambadi, which belongs to the Indo-Aryan group of languages and has no script.
♟️Teej is a festival celebrated by young unmarried Banjara girls in Shravanam (August), where they pray for a good groom.
♟️Fire dance and Chari are traditional dance forms of the Banjara people. | 2 |
| 19 | *🛡️Governor Vs Lt. Governor Powers*
♟️President is final decision-making authority in case of dispute between LG and cabinet of UT.
♟️In general, Governor of a state has to act solely on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers, whereas, the LG does not need the approval of the Council of Ministers on every matter.
♟️Unlike Governor which has dual role to play i.e. Constitutional Head of the state as well as agent of the President, LG is not Constitutional head of the UT but only an agent of President.
♟️Chief Ministers of Delhi and Puducherry are appointed by the President and not by LG, whereas the Chief Ministers of states are appointed by the Governor.
♟️CM give resignation to LG and not to Presiden
*Hit 👍🏻❤️👌🏻 To Appreciate Our Consistent Efforts* | 2 |
| 20 | *::::::::::PREAMBLE::::::::::*
WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC[1] and to secure to all its citizens:
JUSTICE, social, economic and political;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity;
and to promote among them all
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the [unity and integrity of the Nation[2];
IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION. | 2 |
