Surgery videos & books

Correct Answer - C Ans. is c i.e., Develops from jugular lymphatic sequestration Cystic hygroma Cystic hygroma is a swelling usually occuring in the lower third of the neck It is most commonly seen in posterior triangle of the neck, but may also occur in axilla, groin & mediastinum It results due to sequestration of a portion of the jugular lymph sac from the lymphatic system. It usually manifests in the neonate or in early infancy (occasionally present at birth) The swelling is soft and partially compressible and invariably increases in size when the child coughs or cries. The characteristic that distinguishes it from all other neck swellings is that it is brilliantly translucent. ...The cysts are filled with clear lymph and are lined by endothelium. Mostly these are multiple cysts but occasionally they can be unilocular. It may show spontaneous regression. Treatment [Ref.: Sabiston 18/e p2053; Schwartz 9/e p1415] There are two methods of treatment: Surgical excision & Sclerotherapy Sabiston writes- "Complete surgical excision is the preferredtreatment; however, this may be impossible because of the hygroma infiltrating within and around important neurovascular structures. . Because hygromas are not neoplastic tumors, radical resection with removal of major blood vessels and nerves is not indicated. .Injection of sclerosing agents such as bleomycin or the derivative of Streptococcus pvogenes OK-432 have also been reported to be effective in the management of cystic hygromas. Intracystic injection of sclerosants appears to be most effective for macrocystic hygromas, as opposed to the microcystic variety." "The modern management of most cystic hygromas includes the combination of surgical excision and image-guided sclerotherapy."- Schwartz @surgeryvideos

Correct Answer - A Ans. A. Amiodarone V-Fib or VF is the most common rhythm that occurs immediately after cardiac arrest. In this rhythm, the heart beats with rapid, erratic electrical impulses. Treatment: Shock / Defibrillation: every 2 minutes in a single one shock, successive, shockable increments 200 joules - Followed by immediate CPR for 2 minutes / give and circulate a drug(s) 300 joules - Followed by immediate CPR for 2 minutes / give and circulate a drug(s) 360 joules - Followed by immediate CPR for 2 minutes / give and circulate a drug(s) Drugs : Give Epinephrine 1mg of a 1:10,000 solu,on every 3 to 5 minutes [No Limit] Give either: Amiodarone [if not contraindicated, can be given 2x]: 300mg first dose / 150mg second dose at 3 to Lidocaine: First dose: 1mg/kg or 1.5 mg/kg. Can repeat it at half the original dose up to a total of 3 mg/kg [Second and remaining doses are given at either 0.5mg/kg or 0.75mg/kg depending on your star,ng dosage.] @surgeryvideos

Correct Answer - A Answer- A. Biliary atresia Kasai operation is also known as hepatoportoenterostomy. Biliary atresia is currently MC indication for pediatric liver transplantation. @surgeryvideos

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Correct Answer - C Answer- C. Varicose veins Important causes of gangrene Diabetes PVD (Buerger's disease) Trauma Obesity Atherosclerosis Raynaud's disease Frostibite @surgeryvideos