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*IMPORTANT INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR HEADQUARTERS* *🪩United Nations (UN)* 👉Headquarters: New York, USA 👉Founded: 1945 👉Key Function: Promotes international peace and security, development, and human rights. *🪩World Health Organization (WHO)* 👉Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland 👉Founded: 1948 👉Key Function: Directs international health within the United Nations' system. *🪩World Trade Organization (WTO)* 👉Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland 👉Founded: 1995 👉Key Function: Deals with global trade rules and negotiations. *🪩International Monetary Fund (IMF)* 👉Headquarters: Washington, D.C., USA 👉Founded: 1944 👉Key Function: Provides financial assistance and advice to member countries. *🪩World Bank* 👉Headquarters: Washington, D.C., USA 👉Founded: 1944 👉Key Function: Provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries. *🪩North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)* 👉Headquarters: Brussels, Belgium 👉Founded: 1949 👉Key Function: Military alliance for collective defense. *🪩United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)* 👉Headquarters: Paris, France 👉Founded: 1945 👉Key Function: Promotes education, science, culture, and communication. Back up channel-Follow the 🎓 Dᴀɪʟʏ Gᴋ Gs Uᴘᴅᴀᴛᴇs™ 📝 channel on WhatsApp: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaiovO8FCCoOo4Rce32t

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*SMART NOTES ⚛️Physics* 🔳Newton's Laws of Motion *First Law (Law of Inertia):* An object remains in its state of rest or uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force. *Second Law:* Force (F) = mass (m) × acceleration (a), F = ma. It describes how the velocity of an object changes when it is subjected to an external force. *Third Law:* For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. 🔳Laws of Thermodynamics *First Law:* Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted (Conservation of Energy). *Second Law:* Entropy of an isolated system always increases; heat cannot spontaneously flow from a colder body to a hotter body. *Third Law:* As temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a system approaches a constant minimum. 🔳Electromagnetism *Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction:* A changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (emf) in a conductor. *Ohm's Law:* Voltage (V) = Current (I) × Resistance (R), V = IR. *Maxwell's Equations:* Set of four equations describing how electric and magnetic fields interact and propagate.

*SMART NOTES 🧑‍🔬CHEMISTRY* *💠Atomic Theory* - John Dalton (1803) Proposed that matter is composed of indivisible atoms, each element has atoms of a single type, and chemical reactions involve rearrangement of these atoms. *💠Periodic Table* - Dmitri Mendeleev (1869) Organized elements by increasing atomic mass, leaving gaps for undiscovered elements and predicting their properties. *💠Discovery of the Electron* - J.J. Thomson (1897) Identified the electron as a negatively charged subatomic particle, suggesting the plum pudding model of the atom. *💠Radioactivity* - Henri Becquerel (1896) and Marie Curie Becquerel discovered natural radioactivity; Marie Curie isolated radioactive elements polonium and radium, and coined the term "radioactivity. *💠"Rutherford's Model of the Atom* - Ernest Rutherford (1911) Gold foil experiment revealed the existence of a small, dense, positively charged nucleus, disproving the plum pudding model. *💠Bohr Model of the Atom -* Niels Bohr (1913) Proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus in quantized energy levels, explaining the spectral lines of hydrogen. *💠Periodic Law and Modern Periodic Table* - Henry Moseley (1913) Determined the atomic number (number of protons) of elements, leading to the modern periodic table organized by atomic number. *💠Chemical Bonding and the Lewis Structure* - Gilbert N. Lewis (1916) Introduced the concept of electron pairs in chemical bonding, leading to the depiction of molecules using Lewis structures. *💠Discovery of the Neutron* - James Chadwick (1932) Discovered the neutron, a neutral particle in the atomic nucleus, explaining isotopic differences and nuclear reactions. *💠Covalent Bond and Hybridization* - Linus PaulingDescribed the nature of the covalent bond, introduced concepts like orbital hybridization, and developed the electronegativity scale.