Mppsc current affairs

🔆 SECURITY 📍 Modern Civil Defence Volunteer Force ✅ Prime Minister announced a proposed “massive modern” Civil Defence volunteer force ✅ Aim: strengthen civilian protection against modern security threats and emergencies ✅ Civil Defence operates under the Civil Defence Act and Rules, 1968 ✅ Volunteers assist in warning, evacuation, rescue, first aid, firefighting and protection of critical infrastructure ✅ Proposed force will receive modern training and advanced emergency-response protocols ✅ Home Guards are a related auxiliary force under State control 📍 Multinational Maritime Defence Coalition (MMDC) ✅ 14-country maritime security alliance established under Saudi Arabian leadership ✅ Objective: protect freedom of navigation, international trade and energy supply lines ✅ Focus areas: Red Sea, Bab al-Mandeb Strait and Gulf of Aden ✅ Headquarters: Western Fleet Command, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ✅ Activities: intelligence sharing, joint training, maritime patrols and operational capacity building ✅ Designed to counter drones, anti-ship missiles and uncrewed vessels ✅ Members include Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Jordan, Yemen, Egypt, Djibouti, Somalia, Sudan, Comoros, Turkey, Pakistan and Bangladesh ⚠️ UAE and Oman did not initially join the coalition 🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 📍 AI Skilling of 1 Crore Youth ✅ Prime Minister announced training 1 crore youth in AI skills within one year ✅ Announced during the 80th Independence Day address from the Red Fort ✅ Part of the Technology & Innovation pillar of the Sapta Dhara framework ✅ Aim: build an AI-skilled workforce and strengthen India’s technology ecosystem 📍 Two-Stage Microalgae CO₂ Capture Process ✅ Developed by IIT Guwahati ✅ Designed to improve CO₂ fixation, biomass production and bioenergy generation ✅ Stage 1: 15% CO₂ concentration for rapid growth and carbon assimilation ✅ Stage 2: CO₂ reduced to 5%, with calcium and phosphorus supplementation ✅ Achieved 35.4% higher CO₂ fixation and 25.7% higher biomass yield than conventional single-stage methods ✅ Lipid productivity increased 1.86 times ✅ Intracellular bioenergy efficiency improved by 37.65% ✅ Calcium-phosphorus auto-flocculation enabled 98.46% low-energy biomass recovery 🔆 MISCELLANEOUS 📍 Census 2027 – 40 Questions ✅ Centre notified 40 questions for the second phase of Census 2027 ✅ For the first time in independent India, caste will be recorded for all communities, apart from SCs and STs ✅ Questionnaire contains 13 new questions compared with Census 2011 ✅ New details include parents’ particulars, spouse’s name, nationality, digital literacy, permanent address and place of COVID-19 vaccination ✅ Will also collect applicable details regarding bank account, mobile number, Aadhaar, voter ID, passport and driving licence ✅ Population enumeration will begin in August/September 2026 in snow-bound areas #CurrentAffairs

🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS – 17 AUGUST 2026 | MONDAY 🔆 HISTORY, ART & CULTURE 📍 18 Monuments Delisted from Protected List ✅ Since 2021, the Centre has delisted 18 monuments under the AMASR Act, 1958, as they ceased to be of national importance ✅ Uttar Pradesh: Ancient Banyan Grove, Closed Cemetery, Gunner Burkill’s Tomb, Cemeteries at Gaughat & Jahraila Road, Tombs on Lucknow–Fyzabad Road, 3 Linga Temples at Ahugi, Telia Nala Buddhist Ruins, Treasury Building Tablet ✅ Other states: Nicholson Statue, Bara Khamba Cemetery, Inchla Wali Gumti, Kos Minars, Bachhaun Fort Inscription, 12th-century Temple & Fort Inscription, Kutumbari Area ✅ ASI currently maintains 3,688 centrally protected monuments/sites ✅ Section 35, AMASR Act permits delisting of monuments that have ceased to be of national importance ✅ India retrieved 662 historical artefacts from abroad till June 2026 ✅ Retrieved artefacts: USA – 589 | Australia – 51 | UK – 21 | Netherlands – 1 🔆 GEOGRAPHY & ENVIRONMENT 📍 Oil Spill Threatens Hara Mangrove Forests ✅ Major oil spill in the Persian Gulf has threatened the Hara mangrove forests amid disruption of cleanup operations due to the West Asia conflict ✅ Hara mangroves are a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve ✅ Mainly composed of Grey Mangrove trees ✅ Serve as nurseries for shrimp, crabs, fish and migratory birds ✅ Mangrove roots help filter saline water, prevent coastal erosion and act as carbon sinks ✅ Spill threatens marine food chains, fisheries, tourism and local livelihoods 📍 Wildfires in Protected Tropical Forests ✅ More than 4 million hectares of protected tropical forest were destroyed globally between 2001–2024 ✅ Area is roughly twice the size of Wales ✅ Around 89% of the losses occurred in tropical Americas, particularly Brazil ✅ Rate of destruction has increased 9 times since 2016 ✅ Nearly one-third of total losses occurred in 2024 alone ✅ Protected forests generally burn less than unprotected areas but are experiencing the same worsening wildfire trend ✅ Study highlights the need to integrate fire prevention and community participation into conservation planning 🔆 SOCIAL ISSUES 📍 Cancer as a Notifiable Disease ✅ Supreme Court directed 19 States/UTs to consider declaring cancer a notifiable disease ✅ 17 States/UTs have already notified cancer as a notifiable disease ✅ Health is a State subject ✅ Objective: strengthen early detection, reporting, treatment and nationwide cancer screening ✅ Remaining States/UTs have been asked to consider the recommendation and file affidavits 🔆 POLITY & GOVERNANCE 📍 Sapta Dhara Framework ✅ Prime Minister introduced Sapta Dhara (Shakti Ki Sapta Dhara) framework on the 80th Independence Day ✅ Aim: achieve the vision of Viksit Bharat by 2047 ✅ Seven areas: Manufacturing; Agriculture & Food Processing; Technology & Innovation; Gati Shakti; Defence Self-Reliance; Green & Blue Economy; India’s Soft Power ✅ Government plans to train 1 crore youth in AI over the next year ✅ India targets 100 GW nuclear energy capacity by 2047 ✅ 5 new nuclear reactors are expected to become operational over the next 6–7 years 📍 Trading of Major Minerals on Electronic Exchange ✅ Government will allow transparent trading of major minerals through an electronic platform from the next financial year ✅ Rules notified by the Ministry of Mines ✅ Indian Bureau of Mines will act as nodal regulator ✅ Initial minerals: Iron ore, bauxite, limestone and manganese ✅ Benefits: transparent price discovery, quality verification and market surveillance ✅ Expected to reduce disputes, cartelisation and insider trading ✅ 4 Critical Mineral Parks planned in Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Gujarat and Maharashtra ✅ Initiative forms part of the National Critical Mineral Mission #CurrentAffairs

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🔆 Gallantry & Service Awards for Armed Forces, CAPFs and CBI 📍 Why in News? ✅ President Droupadi Murmu announced 78 gallantry awards for personnel of the Armed Forces and Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs) on the eve of Independence Day. 📍 Gallantry Awards ✅ 9 Kirti Chakras — 7 posthumous ✅ 1 Bar to Shaurya Chakra ✅ 19 Shaurya Chakras — 1 posthumous ✅ 5 Bars to Sena Medals (Gallantry) ✅ 36 Sena Medals (Gallantry) — 5 posthumous ✅ 3 Nao Sena Medals (Gallantry) ✅ 5 Vayu Sena Medals (Gallantry) 📍 Armed Forces ✅ The President also approved 89 Mention-in-Dispatches — 75 Army, 4 Navy and 10 Air Force personnel. 📍 CAPF & Police Personnel ✅ 1,057 police personnel across the country will receive gallantry and service medals. ✅ 141 police officials from Chhattisgarh received gallantry medals. ✅ 35 Bastar Fighter Constables were also awarded gallantry medals. ✅ CRPF received the highest number among CAPFs — 86 gallantry and service medals. ✅ BSF received 20 gallantry medals and 47 service medals. ✅ 28 CISF personnel were awarded police medals. 📍 CBI Personnel ✅ 21 CBI personnel will receive service medals — President’s Medal for Distinguished Service (PSM) and Medal for Meritorious Service (MSM). 📍 Significance ✅ The awards recognise exceptional courage, gallantry and distinguished service rendered by personnel in the line of duty. 🔆 MAINS PRACTICE QUESTION 📍 Gallantry and service awards play an important role in recognising courage and dedication among India’s security personnel. Discuss their significance in strengthening morale and institutional commitment in the security forces. (10 Marks · 150 Words) #UPSC #CurrentAffairs

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🔆 India’s First Branded Train – ‘Sprite’ Tejas Express ✅ IRCTC’s Lucknow–Delhi–Lucknow Tejas Express will run as ‘Sprite’ Tejas Express for 6 months through train-branding rights. ✅ It is India’s first train to be named after a brand. ✅ The train is operated by IRCTC, while it pays Indian Railways hauling charges for using railway infrastructure. ✅ Features include AC coaches, onboard food & beverages, infotainment and group booking facilities. #CurrentAffairs

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🔆 THE DIRAC MEDAL 2026 📍 Why in News? ✅ Indian theoretical physicist Prof. Deepak Dhar received the 2026 ICTP Dirac Medal. ✅ He shared the award with Bernard Derrida, Marc Mézard and Haim Sompolinsky. ✅ The award recognises pioneering contributions to statistical mechanics and complex physical systems. 📍 About the Dirac Medal ✅ Established → 1985. ✅ Awarded by → International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Italy. ✅ Named after → Paul A. M. Dirac, British theoretical physicist. ✅ Recognises outstanding contributions to theoretical physics. ✅ Nobel, Fields or Wolf Prize laureates are not eligible at the time of award. 📍 Prof. Deepak Dhar — Contribution ✅ Developed the mathematical foundation of the Abelian Sandpile Model. ✅ Demonstrated self-organised criticality arising from simple local interactions. ✅ Established the Abelian property → the final state remains predictable irrespective of the sequence of avalanches. ✅ His work helps model complex non-equilibrium systems. 📍 Indian Milestone ✅ Second Indian to receive the ICTP Dirac Medal. ✅ First → Ashoke Sen (2012). ✅ Dhar received the Padma Bhushan (2023) and Boltzmann Medal (2022). 🔆 Prelims Facts ✅ Dirac Medal → ICTP ✅ Established → 1985 ✅ Headquarters → Trieste, Italy ✅ ICTP founded → 1964 ✅ Abelian Sandpile Model → Deepak Dhar ✅ First Indian Dirac Medallist → Ashoke Sen #CurrentAffairs #ScienceAndTechnology

🔆 THE MOON BASE PROGRAMME 📍 Context ✅ During the 9th India–US Civil Space Joint Working Group (CSJWG) meeting, NASA invited ISRO to join its Moon Base programme. ✅ The initiative builds on the growing India–US space partnership under the Artemis Accords. 📍 What is the Moon Base Programme? ✅ A NASA-led initiative to establish humanity’s first permanent lunar outpost near the Moon’s South Pole. ✅ Aim → Establish a sustained human presence, utilise water-ice resources, conduct scientific research and develop technologies for future Mars missions. 📍 Phased Rollout ✅ Phase 1 (2026–29) → Robotic reconnaissance, reliable surface access and technology testing. ✅ Phase 2 (2029–32) → Power, logistics, communication infrastructure and lunar terrain vehicles. ✅ Phase 3 (2032+) → Permanently crewed and expandable lunar outpost. 📍 Key Features ✅ South Pole → Near-continuous sunlight on elevated ridges + water-ice deposits in permanently shadowed craters. ✅ ISRU → Use lunar regolith and water ice to produce oxygen, drinking water and rocket propellant. ✅ Commercial participation → Companies such as Astrobotic, Blue Origin, Firefly Aerospace and Intuitive Machines. ✅ Modular infrastructure → Habitats, logistics landers, power grids and pressurised rovers. ✅ Scientific cooperation → Open scientific data architecture under the Artemis Accords. 📍 Major Challenges ✅ Extreme temperatures → About −203°C in permanently shadowed craters. ✅ Low-angle sunlight & long shadows → Complicate solar power generation and navigation. ✅ Lunar dust → Abrasive, electrostatically charged regolith damages seals, sensors and mechanical systems. ✅ Rugged terrain → Crater slopes and boulder fields complicate landing, construction and rover movement. 🔆 Prelims Facts ✅ Lead Agency → NASA ✅ Indian Agency → ISRO ✅ Location → Lunar South Pole ✅ Key Resource → Water ice ✅ Technology Concept → In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) ✅ International Framework → Artemis Accords #GS3 #prelims #science_technology #science_and_technology Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC https://t.me/upsc_science_and_technology

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