Infectious Disease / Microbiology Updates

Monkeypox Virus Surveillance in Wastewater, North Carolina, USA, October 2023–May 2025 https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/32/13/26-0414_article

[Correspondence] Occupational HIV monitoring should match standard of care https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhiv/article/PIIS2352-3018(26)00200-6/fulltext?rss=yes A health-care worker in England who lives with HIV and performs exposure-prone procedures must, under UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) guidance, have their plasma viral load measured every 12 weeks for the rest of their working life.1 Were the same person a patient rather than a practitioner, British HIV Association guidance would support monitoring as infrequently as every 6 months once they were stable and suppressed.2 Same virus, same therapy, same undetectable viral load, twice the surveillance, indefinitely, and applied to one protected group.

[Editorial] Will the new UN political declaration deliver? https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhiv/article/PIIS2352-3018(26)00205-5/fulltext?rss=yes On June 23, the UN General Assembly concluded its high-level meeting on HIV/AIDS with a new Political Declaration on HIV/AIDS, the culmination of negotiations among member states and stakeholders involved with the HIV response. The declaration reaffirmed the overarching commitment to end HIV/AIDS by 2030 and to ensure a sustainable HIV response beyond 2030. The declaration was endorsed by 149 member states. Eight countries—Burkina Faso, Burundi, Israel, Niger, North Korea, Russia, Senegal, and the USA—voted against it, and 14 (mainly among countries in the Middle East) abstained.

[Feature] Highlights of AIDS 2026 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhiv/article/PIIS2352-3018(26)00203-1/fulltext?rss=yes Long-acting and weekly regimens for HIV treatment and prevention shared the stage with results of disruptions to PEPFAR in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, July 26–31. Adrian Gonzalez Lopez reports.

[Review] Evolving understanding of Kaposi sarcoma and associated diseases in the ART era https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhiv/article/PIIS2352-3018(26)00110-4/fulltext?rss=yes Kaposi sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), otherwise known as HHV-8, causes KS and several lymphoproliferative disorders including KSHV-associated multicentric Castleman disease, KSHV-associated inflammatory cytokine syndrome, primary effusion lymphoma, and KSHV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified. KS represents a substantial burden of disease in sub-Saharan Africa and in people with HIV worldwide. Diagnosis relies on pathology, but quantitative KSHV DNA measurements can help identify multicentric Castleman disease and KSHV-associated inflammatory cytokine syndrome and monitor treatment response.

[Articles] Interventions to improve viral suppression and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV: a systematic review and network meta-analysis https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhiv/article/PIIS2352-3018(26)00119-0/fulltext?rss=yes Scalable adherence interventions—particularly reminders, counselling, and supporter-based approaches—improved adherence. Tailoring interventions to population needs could therefore strengthen HIV treatment outcomes and support global progress towards epidemic control.

Wastewater Respiratory Virus Surveillance in Remote Community, Alaska, USA, 2022–2024 https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/32/13/26-0709_article

Emergence of Oropouche Virus, Venezuela, 2025 https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/32/9/25-0678_article

[Correspondence] Congolese hospital staff cohort admitted with infectious symptoms in the setting of the Bundibugyo virus outbreak, April and May 2026, Bunia, DR Congo https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(26)00420-2/fulltext?rss=yes On May 15, 2026, DR Congo announced an outbreak of Ebola disease caused by a new variant of Bundibugyo virus in Ituri Province.1 The outbreak's epicentre was Mongbwalu, a gold mining town located 80 km from Bunia, Ituri's capital. In the 2 weeks before this announcement, Centre Medical Evangelique's Centre Hospitalier de Bunia (CME-Bunia), had received 11 patients from Mongbwalu, 63% of whom eventually died. Most had fever, diarrhoea, and vomiting, and several developed bleeding. Subsequent chart review has shown similar cases arriving as early as April 2.

Pulmonary Histoplasmosis, Taiwan, 1997–2024 (Response) https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/32/9/26-1249_article

Pediatric Rickettsia massiliae Infection, Spain, 2023 https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/32/9/26-0035_article

Chronic Elbow Nodules Caused by Fomitiporella Fungus in Immunocompetent Patients, United States https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/32/9/26-0263_article

Temporal Alignment of Wastewater Signals with Clinical Indicators of Respiratory Illness Postpandemic, Texas, USA https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/32/13/26-0141_article

Wickerhamomyces anomalus Pseudo-Outbreak Associated with Medical Lubricating Gel, South Africa, 2023–2024 https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/32/9/26-0608_article

Case Report and Retrospective Review of Acanthamoeba Encephalitis and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, United States https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/32/9/26-0790_article

Dual PCR–Sanger Sequencing Assay for Simultaneous sqle-Based Identification and Resistance Detection in Trichophyton Species https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/32/9/26-0819_article

Outbreak of Brazilian Spotted Fever, Southeastern Brazil, 2018 https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/32/9/26-0548_article

Correlations between Wastewater Concentrations of Influenza A and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses and Clinical Laboratory Testing and Hospitalization Data, California, USA https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/32/13/26-0306_article

Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Amebic Meningoencephalitis, Kerala, India, 2025 https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/32/9/26-0492_article

Improved Case Detection of Fleaborne Typhus by PCR Testing, Los Angeles County, California, USA, 2022–2024 https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/32/9/26-0554_article