|🍁UP BOARD ENGLISH NCERT CLASS 12🍁|

2022 all set👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆

Synthesis 1. दो या दो से अधिक सिंपल सेंटेंस को मिलाकर एक सिंपल सेंटेंस बनाना। Rule.1 participle का प्रयोग करके A. Present participle Separate - I reached home. I took off my clothes. Combined - Reaching home, I took off my clothes. He was hungry. He took his food. Being hungry,he took his food. B. Past participle का प्रयोग करके I found a pen.It was lost. I found a lost pen. I saw a bird. It was wounded . I saw a wounded bird. C. Perfect Participle He completed his homework. He went to school. Having completed his homework, he went to school. Rule.2 Infinitive का प्रयोग करके He took a knife.He wanted to kill the hen. He took a knife to kill the hen. Rule.3 Nominative absolute का प्रयोग करके The police arrived. The thieves ran away. The police having arrived, the thieves ran away. The teacher was absent.The boys did not work. The teacher being absent, the boys did not work. Rule.4 Gerund या noun से पूर्व preposition का प्रयोग करके He gave me advice. He also helped me. Besides giving me advice,he also helped me. She failed. She heard the news. She fainted. On hearing the news of her failure, she fainted. Rule.5 Noun या phrase in apposition का प्रयोग करके Tagore was the author of the Gitanjali. He was a great poet of Bengal. Tagore ,a great poet of Bengal, was the author of the Gitanjali. या Tagore, the author of the Gitanjali ,was a great poet of Bengal Rule.6 Adverb या adverbial phrase का प्रयोग करके He went to college. He was punctual. He went to college punctually. He played cricket . He played happily. He played cricket happily. Rule.7 adjective का प्रयोग करके A boy came to my office. The boy was blind. A blind boy came to my office. Rule.8 conjunction and का प्रयोग करके Sohan went to Kanpur. Mohan also went with him. Sohan and Mohan went to Kanpur.

|🍁UP BOARD ENGLISH NCERT CLASS 12🍁|: Direct and Indirect Narration Rules ➖➖➖➖➖➖➖ 1. Change of persons 👉 Reporting        reported Speech            Speech S 👈         👁️   1️⃣ I,we,me,my,us, O 👈         👁️  2️⃣you, your N 👈         👁️  3️⃣he,she,they,it S=subject, O=object, N=no change 1️⃣ = 1st person 2️⃣ = 2nd person 3️⃣ = 3rd person 1. यदि reported speech में first person(I,We) का pronoun हो। तो वह reporting speech के subject के अनुसार बदला जाता है।S👈1️⃣ 2.यदि reported speech में second(you,your) person का pronoun हो। तो वह reporting speech के object के अनुसार बदला जाता है। O👈2️⃣ 3.यदि reported speech में third person(he, she,it,they) का pronoun हो। तो उसमे कोई परिवर्तन नही होता है।N👈3️⃣no change 💡💡💡💡💡💡💡💡💡💡💡💡 ❣2. Change of tenses❣ ➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖ 1.Present Ind.T.👉Past ind.T. Do/does not=did not Do/does=did V¹/V⁵=V² ➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖ 2.Present cont.t.👉past cont.t Is,am,are=was,were ➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖ 3.P. perfect t👉past perfect t. Has/have+V3=had+v³ ➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖ 4. P. per.con.t.👉past p.c.t. Has/have+been=had been ➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖ 5.Past ind.=past perfect t. Did=had+v³ V²=had+v³ ➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖ 6.past cont.t.=past perfect con. Was/were+v⁴=had been+v⁴ ➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖ 7.past perfect tense=no change ➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖ 8.past perfect con.t=no change ➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖ Shall=should Will=would Can=could May=might ➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖ 💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐 💐3. Change of other parts of speech❣ Direct         Indirect This            That These        Those Here           There Now            Then Thus            So Today          That day Tonight        That night Tomorrow    The following day                         या the next day Yesterday      The previous day Ago                 Before Next day        The following day Last day         The previous day Next=the following Last=the previous 💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐