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#article24 Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA)🔥 Enacted in 2017, it is a US federal law that imposed sanctions on Iran, North Korea and Russia. Includes sanctions against countries that engage in significant transactions with Russia’s defence and intelligence sectors. The Act empowers the US President to impose at least five of the 12 listed sanctions on persons engaged in a “significant transaction” with Russian defence and intelligence sectors. Its “ultimate goal”, “is to prevent revenue from flowing to the Russian Government. # India and USA has signed the following foundational agreements * General Security of Military Information Agreement (GSOMIA), which is for information safety, was signed in 2002. * The Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement (LEMOA), was signed in 2016. * COMCASA would facilitate access to advanced defence systems and enable India to optimally utilize its existing U.S.-origin platforms. It was signed at the 2+2 dialogue in 2018. * Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement for Geo-spatial Cooperation (BECA). Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement (BECA)  * BECA will help India get real-time access to American geospatial intelligence that will enhance the accuracy of automated systems and weapons like missiles and armed drones. Through the sharing of information on maps and satellite images, it will help India access topographical and aeronautical data, and advanced products that will aid in navigation and targeting. # Benefits of BECA This could be a key to Air Force-to-Air Force cooperation between India and the US. BECA will provide Indian military systems with a high-quality GPS to navigate missiles with real-time intelligence to precisely target the adversary. Besides the sailing of ships, flying off aircraft, fighting of wars, and location of targets, geospatial intelligence is also critical to the response to natural disasters. # Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement (LEMOA) LEMOA was the first of the three pacts to be signed in August 2016. LEMOA allows the militaries of the US and India to replenish from each other’s bases, and access supplies, spare parts and services from each other’s land facilities, air bases, and ports, which can then be reimbursed. LEMOA is extremely useful for India-US Navy-to-Navy cooperation since the two countries are cooperating closely in the Indo-Pacific. # Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement (COMCASA) * COMCASA was signed in September 2018. The pact allows the US to provide India with its encrypted communications equipment and systems so that Indian and US military commanders, and the aircraft and ships of the two countries, can communicate through secure networks during times of both peace and war. The signing of COMCASA paved the way for the transfer of communication security equipment from the US to India to facilitate “interoperability” between their forces. # General Security Of Military Information Agreement (GSOMIA)  GSOMIA allows militaries to share the intelligence gathered by them.  Signed by India in 2002. @examground @examground IMPORTANT🔥

#article14_afcat IMPORTANT🔥 Where is the Headquarter of ? • 📌BRICS - Shanghai •📌 ADB - Manila •📌 ASEAN - Jakarta • 📌UNDP - New York • 📌NATO - Brussels • 📌WTO - Geneva •📌 CHOGM - Londan • 📌OPEC - Vienna • 📌UNICEF - New York •📌 FAO - Rome •📌 IMF - Washington • 📌UNESCO - Paris •📌 WHO - Geneva •📌 UNEP - Nairobi By-ExamGround @examground STAY TUNED!!

Milan-2T Part of: GS Prelims and GS – III – Defence and Security In news Acquisition Wing of Ministry of Defence (MoD) signed a contract with Defence Public Sector Undertaking (DPSU) Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL) for the supply of MILAN-2T Anti-Tank Guided Missiles (ATGMs) to the Indian Army Key takeaways The Milan-2T is a Tandem Warhead ATGM with a range of 1,850 metres, produced by BDL under license from MBDA Missile Systems, France. These missiles can be fired from the ground as well as vehicle-based launchers These can also be deployed in Anti-Tank Role for both offensive & defensive tasks. Induction of these missiles will further enhance the operational preparedness of the Armed Forces which will be completed in three years. It is a step in achieving the goal of ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ in the defense sector. 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom

Launch of Gram Ujala Part of: GS Prelims and GS – II – Policies and interventions In news Gram Ujala programme was recently launched in Arrah, Bihar. Ministry: Ministry of Power Key takeaways Under the programme, 7 watts and 12-Watt LED bulbs with 3 years warranty will be given to rural consumers against submission of working Incandescent bulbs. LEDs will be available for only Rs 10 each for each household. Each household will get up to 5 LEDs. In the first phase, 15 million LED bulbs will be distributed across villages of Aarah (Bihar), Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh), Vijaywada (Andhra Pradesh), Nagpur (Maharashtra), and village in western Gujarat. The Gram Ujala programme will be implemented in villages of the 5 districts only. These rural households will also have metres installed in their houses to account for usage. Do you know? The programme will be financed entirely through carbon credits. It will be the first such programme in India Carbon credits will be prepared under the Shine Program of Activities with an option for verifying under the Voluntary Carbon Standard, depending on the needs of buyers. Carbon Credit Buyers will also be sought through an open process based on initial discussions with the market. The balance cost and margin on the LED cost will be recouped through the carbon credits earned. 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom

India’s Helium import to get affected Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – International Relations & GS-III – Economy In news The USA shall cut off exports of helium from 2021. Due to this, the Indian industry stands to lose out heavily since India imports helium Important value additions Helium is colorless, odourless, tasteless, inert, and a noble gas. Applications: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, in rockets and nuclear reactors. Dutch physicist Kamerlingh Onnes liquefied Helium by cooling the gas to -270 degrees Celsius. India’s Rajmahal volcanic basin in Jharkhand is the storehouse of helium trapped for billions of years. At present, India is mapping the Rajmahal basin extensively for future exploration and harnessing of helium. 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom

NITI Aayog’s ‘sustainable’ vision for Great Nicobar Island Part of: GS Prelims and GS – III – Infrastructure; Environment In news More than 150 sq. km. (18%) of land is being made available for Phase I of a NITI Aayog-piloted ‘holistic’ and ‘sustainable’ vision for Great Nicobar Island. The island is the southernmost in the Andaman and Nicobar group. Key takeaways It will cover nearly a quarter of its coastline. The overall plan envisages the use of a major portion being pristine forest and coastal systems. Projects to be executed include an airport complex, a transshipment port (TSP) at South Bay, a parallel-to-the-coast mass rapid transport system, a free trade zone, and a warehousing complex on the southwestern coast. Nodal agency: Andaman and Nicobar Islands Integrated Development Corporation (ANIIDCO) In January 2021, the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife (NBWL) denotified the entire Galathea Bay Wildlife Sanctuary to allow for the port there. 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom

Factors driving FDI in India The article explains the four factors that explain the FDI inflows in India. India's economic decade Almost every major global company is either contemplating or operating on the assumption that India is a key part of their growth story. Google, Facebook, Walmart, Samsung, Foxconn, and Silver Lake have been just a handful of the firms that made huge investments in Inda. As a result, India saw the fastest growth in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows among all the major economies last year. Meanwhile, India's latest FDI totals still lags behind the highest tallies in other markets such as China and Brazil. Issues faced by investors and factors driving investment Frequent shifts in the policy landscape and persistent market access barriers are standard complaints levied against India by the business community. The government's push to build a "self-reliant" India has also rattled skittish investors and smaller companies that lack the resources to navigate on-the-ground hurdles. Still, investors recognise that doing business in India or any emerging market comes with inherent risks but that adaptation in approach is critical to success. Four core dynamics drive this calculus and explain why multinational companies are making India an essential part of their growth story. 4 Factors driving FDI in India 1) India's population What India offers through its nearly 1.4 billion people and their growing purchasing power is uniquely valuable for multinationals with global ambitions. No other country outside of China has a market that houses nearly one in six people on the planet and a rising middle class of 600 million. 2) Shifting geopolitics Rising U.S.-China competition is forcing multinationals to rethink their footprints and production hubs. Savvy countries such as Vietnam have capitalised on this opportunity to great effect, but India is finally getting serious about attracting large-scale production and exports. 3) Digital connectivity Cheap mobile data have powered a revolution across India's digital economy and connected an estimated 700 million Indians to the Internet. More than 500 million Indians still remain offline, this is a key reason why leading global tech companies are investing in India and weathering acute policy pressure. Domestic Indian companies have also demonstrated their ability to innovate and deliver high quality services at scale. The partnerships and FDI flows linking multinationals and Indian tech firms will continue to unlock shared market opportunities for years to come. 4) National resilience Despite facing the scourge of the novel coronavirus head on, India has managed the pandemic better than many of its western peers and restored economic activity even before implementing a mass vaccination programme. These are remarkable developments, and yet they speak to India's underlying resilience even in the face of historic challenges. Shared value creation Unlocking opportunities in the Indian market cannot take the form of a one-way wealth transfer. Companies need to demonstrate their commitment to India. Successful companies do this by placing shared value creation at the heart of their business strategy. They tie corporate success to India's growth and development. They forge enduring partnerships and lasting relationships, elevate and invest in Indian talent, align products with Indian tastes, and ultimately tackle the hardest problems facing India today. Consider the question "Despite the issues faced by the investors, India witnessed the fastest growth in the FDI inflows among all the major economies amid pandemic. In light of this, examine the factors driving the FDI in India." Conclusion For leading companies with global ambitions and a willingness to make big bets, the rewards of investing in the Indian market are substantial and well worth pursuing. 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom

Emerging crisis of obtaining Helium in India India imports helium for its needs and with the U.S. appearing set to cut off exports of helium since 2021, the Indian industry stands to lose out heavily. Helium is not just for balloons but it is the key ingredient for India's high technology and the most sophisticated medical diagnosis. Helium on Earth Helium is a chemical element with the symbol He and atomic number 2. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas, the first in the noble gas group in the periodic table. Its boiling point is the lowest among all the elements. Its discovery In 1906 a young Englishman by the name of Moris Travers arrived in Bangalore, to take up the position of the Director of Indian Institute of Science. Travers extracted helium in small quantity by heating up monazite sand abundantly available in Kerala beach, in a pioneering effort. Dutch physicist Kamerlingh Onnes liquefied Helium by cooling the gas to -270 degrees Celsius. It is known that Onnes collected helium gas from the springs of Bath in Baden Baden, Germany for his liquefaction experiment. Helium in India India's Rajmahal volcanic basin is the storehouse of helium trapped for billions of years, since the very birth of our Earth from the Sun. At present, researchers are mapping the Rajmahal basin extensively for future exploration and harnessing of helium. Why India needs Helium? Every year, India imports helium worth Rs 55,000 crores from the U.S. to meet its needs. Helium is used in medicine, scientific research, for blimp inflation, party balloons as well as having welding applications. It finds many applications, mainly in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, in rockets and in nuclear reactors. US monopoly in Helium The U.S. became the most important exporter of helium across the world. It was soon realized that the U.S. was also the biggest storehouse of helium. The US is now planning to switch off the export of helium from 2021. Qatar is a possible exporter but acute political and diplomatic wrangles have made Qatar unreliable. 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom

Myanmar Refugees Issue India has sealed all entry points along the border with the southeast Asian neighbour and is closely monitoring to prevent any Myanmar nationals from entering the country. [Burning Issue] Myanmar Coup Issue: Problem with refugees At least 1,000 people from the adjoining Chin State of Myanmar are said to have crossed over to Mizoram, fearing a military crackdown. The Mizoram government favours providing refuge to the Chins that are ethnically related to the majority Mizos in the State. However, the Ministry of Home Affairs has made it clear that "India is not a signatory to the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the 1967 Protocol theron". When did the refugees start arriving? Mizoram began feeling the heat a month after the military coup when three police personnel crossed over to Lungkawlh village in Serchhip district. The influx of Myanmar nationals was reported from Hnahthial, Champhai, Saitual and Serchhip districts. Most of the refugees waded across the Tiau River that runs along much of Mizoram's 510-km border with Myanmar. Try answering this: The cross-border movement of insurgents is only one of the several security challenges facing the policing of the border in North-East India. Examine the various challenges currently emanating across the India-Myanmar border. Also, discuss the steps to counter the challenges. (15 Marks) Is this the first time this has happened? Extremism, counter-insurgency and sectarian violence have driven people out of Myanmar into India in the past as well. More than 1,200 Buddhists and Christians from Myanmar's Arakan State had taken refuge in Mizoram's Lawngtlai district in 2017. They fled their homes after the Myanmar Army clashed with the extremist Arakan Army. The refugees stayed back for more than a year. Thousands of Chins are said to be living in Mizoram for more than 40 years now. How porous is the border? Unlike India's border with Pakistan and Bangladesh, much of the border with Myanmar is without any fence. The Assam Rifles personnel guard the border but a tough terrain comes in the way of maintaining airtight vigil. There have been calls to fence the border. Fencing the border would also help in checking the movement of extremist groups to and from Myanmar. Some are against the idea, insisting that a fence would make the "free movement" of border residents into each other's country difficult. The two countries had in 2018 agreed to streamline the movement of people within 16 km of the border on either side. Note: Myanmar has indefinitely stalled the agreement to streamline the free movement of people within 16 km along the border citing domestic issues. Mizoram welcomes the refugees As a humanitarian gesture, the Mizoram government has issued a standard operating procedure (SOP) to Deputy Commissioners of border districts to facilitate the entry of refugees and migrants. The SOP stated that all Myanmar nationals entering Mizoram in connection with the political developments in the country shall be properly identified. The government said those facing a threat to their lives should be treated as refugees, given medical care, relief and rehabilitation and security. Where do the Centre and Mizoram stand now? The SOP was revoked on March 6 after the Centre conveyed its displeasure to the State over the development. The State governments have no powers to grant "refugee status to any foreigner". 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom

Who was Lachit Borphukan? The Prime Minister (in an election campaign) has called 17th-century Ahom General Lachit Borphukan a symbol of India's "atmanirbhar" military might. Who was Lachit Borphukan? The year was 1671 and the decisive Battle of Saraighat was fought on the raging waters of the Brahmaputra. On one side was Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb's army headed by Ram Singh of Amer (Jaipur) and on the other was the Ahom General Lachit Borphukan. He was a commander in the Ahom kingdom, located in present-day Assam. Ram Singh failed to make any advance against the Assamese army during the first phase of the war. Lachit Borphukan emerged victorious in the war and the Mughals were forced to retreat from Guwahati. Lachit Diwas On 24 November each year, Lachit Divas is celebrated statewide in Assam to commemorate the heroism of Lachit Borphukan. On this day, Borphukan has defeated the Mughal army on the banks of the Brahmaputra in the Battle of Saraighat in 1671. The best passing out cadet of National Defence Academy has conferred the Lachit gold medal every year since 1999 commemorating his valour. 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom

Tomar king Anangpal II and his connection with Delhi The Union government has recently formed a committee to popularize the legacy of 11th-century Tomar king, Anangpal II. Revision: Delhi Sultanate and their contemporaries Who was Anangpal II? Anangpal II, popularly known as Anangpal Tomar, belonged to the Tomar dynasty that ruled parts of present-day Delhi and Haryana between the 8th and 12th centuries. The capital of Tomars changed many times from being initially at Anangpur (near Faridabad) during the reign of Anangpal I (who founded the Tomar dynasty in the 8th century), to Dhillikapuri (Delhi) during the reign of Anangpal II. The Tomar rule over the region is attested by multiple inscriptions and coins, and their ancestry can be traced to the Pandavas (of the Mahabharata). Anangpal Tomar II was succeeded by his grandson Prithviraj Chauhan, who was defeated by the Ghurid forces in the Battle of Tarain (present-day Haryana) after which the Delhi Sultanate was established in 1192. His connection with Delhi Anangpal II is credited to have established and populated Delhi during his reign in the 11th century. He was instrumental in populating Indraprastha and giving it its present name, Delhi. The region was in ruins when he ascended the throne in the 11th century, it was he who built Lal Kot fort and Anangtal Baoli. He was the founder of Dhillikapuri, which eventually became Delhi. 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom

EXAMGROUND DAILY DINNER 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥 1. The Author of Autobiography "The Indian Struggle" is 💁‍♀️Subhash Chandra Bose. 2. Dr. Homi J. Bhabha👨‍🔬 - developed the technology of underground nuclear explosion. 3. Birla Temple of Kurukshetra👈 is located nearby 👉Brahma Sarovar. 4. Calcium Oxalate is 🤨 responsible for the formation of stone in the human body. 5. In year 1956 were the Indian States reorganized on the ☝️ linguistic basis. 6. 'Grand Old Man of India' - Dadabhai Naoroji. 7. The legislative Council can delay the enactment of a💰 Money Bill for a max. period of💁‍♂️ 14 days. 8. In Jainism 😐perfect knowledge is referred to - Kaivalyo. 9. Bandipur National Park is in ☝️ Karnataka State. 10. First Indian to have entered the Indian Civil Service - Satyendra Nath Tagore 😎 in year (1864). Join our telegram channel t.me/examground Follow us on Instagram https://instagram.com/exam_ground?r=nametag STAY TUNED!!

Bihar Day: The day is observed every year on March 22. It marks the formation of state of Bihar. On this day, Bihar was carved out of the Bengal by the British government in the year 1912.

Date selection for CDS 2 2020 IMA is available now🔥 FOR WRITTEN EXAM FOLLOW @examground @dailynewscom FOR SSB FOLLOW @beingafauji STAY TUNED!!

#article23 World Happiness Report: ● Released by: United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network(SSDN). ● The report ranks countries by how happy their citizens perceive themselves to be. ● Indicators: The index uses the Gallup World Poll that asked people to vote on three indicators: Life Evaluations, Positive Emotions and Negative Emotions. ● Ranking: Finland has topped the index. India has been ranked 139 out of 149 countries in the index. @examground @examground STAY TUNED!!

DAILY EXAMGROUND LUNCH 🦾🦾🦾🦾🦾🦾🦾🦾🦾🦾🦾 ✍️ One word substitution ✍️ 1. One who hates marriage - MISOGAMIST 2. One who is believer of fate and that human effort cannot change events that are destined to occur - FATALIST 3. Someone who gains pleasure in inflicting pain to others - SADIST 4. A person who absents himself from class without permission - TRUANT 5. One who doesn't consume any intoxicating drink - TEETOTALLER ✍️ Idioms ✍️ 1. Man of hour - one who is honoured and appreciated by a large no. Of people. 2. At sea - in a state of confusion /dilemma. 3. A sea change - a big change /transformation /metamorphosis 4. Between the Devil and the deep Sea - in a very difficult situation. 5. A drop in the sea /A spit in the Sea - a small amount of something. ✍️ Vocabs ✍️ 1. Bolster - to support, strengthen or fortify 2. Boost - an increase or growth 3. Brawl - an intense, loud fight 4. Brevity - the quality of being brief or terse 5. Candid - direct, blunt Join our telegram channel t.me/examground Follow us on Instagram https://instagram.com/exam_ground?r=nametag STAY TUNED!!

#article13_afcat List of Scientific Inventions and Discoveries (Part-1) 📣 Aeroplane➖Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright 📣 Antiseptic➖Dr. Joseph Lister 📣 Aspirin➖Dr. Felix Hoffman (Germany) 📣 Barometer➖E. Torricelli (Italy) 📣 Bicycle➖K. Macmillan (Scotland) 📣 Atom Bomb➖Julius Robert Oppenheimer 📣 Tyre➖J. B. Dunlop (Scotland) 📣 Balloon➖Jacques and Joseph Montgolfier (France) 📣 Bi-focal lens➖Benjamin Franklin (US) 📣 Bullet Claude➖Minie (France) 📣 Chronometer➖John Harrision (England) 📣 Calculating Machine➖Pascal (France) 📣 Centrigrade scale➖A. Celsius (France) 📣 Diesel Engine➖Rudolf Diesel (Germany) 📣 Cinema➖A. L. Lumiere and J. L. Lumiere (France) 📣 Computer➖Charles Babbage (Britain) 📣 Cinematograph➖Thomas Alva Edison (US) 📣 X-ray➖W. K. Roengton (Germany) 📣 Transformer➖Michael Faraday (Britain) 📣 Thermometer➖Galileo Galilei (Italy) @examground @examground STAY TUNED!!

Hong Kong’s new amendment by NPC Part of: GS Prelims and GS – II – International relations In news The National People’s Congress (NPC) of China has recently approved a decision on improving Hong Kong’s electoral system. Key takeaways This paves the way how Hong Kong shall choose its leaders. It gives Beijing-appointed politicians greater power in running the HKSAR’s politics. Now, the size of the Legislative Council will be expanded to 90, with the additional 20 members joining the 35 others who are nominated, thus reducing the share of directly elected representatives. The amendment also bestows greater power on a newly expanded Election Committee of 1,500 nominated members, up from 1,200 previously. The most controversial change is the setting up of a new “candidate qualification review committee”, which “shall be responsible for reviewing and confirming” the qualifications of candidates for Election Committee members, the Chief Executive, and Legislative Council members. Do you know? Hong Kong is the Special Administrative Region (SAR) that has been ruled under the “one country, two systems” model. 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom