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South Asia Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) https://youtu.be/IkZ1DsCpIkQ

Guru Teg Bahadur Martyrdom Day: Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Guru of the Sikhs, sacrificed His life for the sake of people who did not even belong to his community. Guru Tegh Bahadur is often referred to as Hind Ki Chadar, meaning the Shield of India. He is regarded as the most selfless martyr and his martyrdom is observed on 24th November every year as Guru Tegh Bahadur Martyrdom Day. In the year 1675, Guru Tegh Bahadur was beheaded by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb at Chandni Chowk, Delhi. In the words of Noel King of the University of California, “Guru Teg Bahadur’s martyrdom was the first ever martyrdom for human rights in the world.” Aurangzeb wanted to convert India into an Islamic nation, hence forcing the Hindus to convert to Islam else be ready to be executed. A delegation of 500 Kashmiri Pandits led by Pandit Kripa Ram went to seek help from Guru Tegh Bahadur at Anandpur Sahib. Having known about the atrocities of Aurangzeb, Gobind Rai, the son of Guru Tegh Bahadur pronounced that there is nobody more capable than his father to solve the problems of the people of India. Guru Tegh Bahadur realized that His son is now ready to undertake the Guruship and hence, without giving a second thought, He asked the pundits to tell Aurangzeb that if he’s able to convert Guruji into Islam, everybody would follow the suit. Guru Tegh Bahadur was then arrested and presented before the cruel ruler and upon refusal to accept Islam, Guruji and His followers were subjected to physical torture for five days at a stretch. In order to bring Him to submission, Guruji’s followers were burnt alive in front of Him. Finally, when Aurangzeb could not bring Guruji to submission, he beheaded him in broad daylight at the Chandani Chowk square. One of Guruji’s followers carried His head to His son Gobind Rai(later known as, Guru Gobind Singh), where the rituals were performed and the other one carried His body with him at his own house and post the prayers, burnt his own House so that Aurangzeb could never find the secret of the disappeared body. Today, Gurudwara Sis Ganj stands at the spot where Guru Teg Bahadur Sahib was executed in Chandni Chowk and Gurudwara Rakab Ganj stands at the site where his follower Lakhi Shah performed Guruji’s last rites by burning down his house. Join >> @dailynewscom

Person in news: Guru Teg Bahadur The President of India's has delivered a special message on the eve of 'Martyrdom Day' of Guru Teg Bahadur (24th November) Guru Teg Bahadur (1621-1675) Guru Teg Bahadur was the ninth of ten Gurus of the Sikh religion. One hundred and fifteen of his hymns are in Guru Granth Sahib. He stood up for the rights of Kashmiri Pandits who approached him against the imposition jizya tax. He was publicly killed in 1675 on the orders of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in Delhi for refusing to convert to Islam. In the words of Noel King of the University of California, "Guru Teg Bahadur's martyrdom was the first-ever martyrdom for human rights in the world. He is fondly remembered as 'Hind di Chaadar'. 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom

15th G20 Summit held, Convened by: Saudi Arabia in a virtual format. In news In a recently held 15th G-20 summit, Indian Prime Minister termed the COVID-19 pandemic as an important turning point in history of humanity and the biggest challenge the world is facing since the World War II. Key takeaways Indian PM called for a new Global Index for the Post-Corona World that comprises four key elements. 1. Creation of a vast Talent Pool 2. Ensuring that Technology reaches all segments of the society 3. Transparency in systems of governance 4. Dealing with Mother Earth with a spirit of Trusteeship. Noting that ‘Work from Anywhere’ is a new normal in the post-COVID world, he also suggested creation of a G20 Virtual Secretariat as a follow up and documentation repository. The G20 Leaders’ Summit would culminate in the adoption of the Leaders’ Declaration and with Saudi Arabia passing on the Presidency to Italy. The G20 (or Group of Twenty) It is an international forum for the governments and central bank governors from 19 countries and the European Union (EU). Founded in: 1999 Aim: To discuss policy pertaining to the promotion of international financial stability. The G20 has expanded its agenda since 2008. 20 members: India, Australia, Brazil, Canada, People’s Republic of China, France, Germany, Argentina, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, European Union 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom

Sentinel-6 Satellite launched The Copernicus Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich satellite was launched aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket on November 21. Objective: Designed to monitor oceans Developed jointly by: European Space Agency (ESA), NASA, European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (Eumetsat), the USA’s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the EU. Key takeaways This is a part of the next mission dedicated to measuring changes in the global sea level. The mission, called the Jason Continuity of Service (Jason-CS) mission, is designed to measure the height of the ocean. Height of the ocean is a key component in understanding how the Earth’s climate is changing. The spacecraft consists of two satellites, out of which one was launched recently, and the other, called Sentinel-6B, shall be launched in 2025. Do you know? Other satellites that have been launched since 1992 to track changes in the oceans on a global scale include the TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1 and OSTN/Jason-2, among others. 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom

World Fisheries Day observed on 21st November The World Fisheries Day is observed on the 21st November every year. Aim: To draw attention to overfishing, habitat destruction and other serious threats to the sustainability of marine and inland resources. Key takeaways For the first time, the Indian Government will award best performing States in the Fisheries Sector. Best States: (1) Odisha (amongst Marine states); (2) Uttar Pradesh (amongst Inland states); (3) Assam (amongst Hilly and NE states). Indian Government’s Effort to Improve Fisheries Sector Fisheries and Aquaculture Infrastructure Development Fund (FIDF) during 2018-19: It will cater to creation of fisheries infrastructure facilities both in marine and inland fisheries sectors to enhance the fish production in the country. Extension of Kisan Credit Cards (KCC) facilities to fishers and fish farmers to help them in meeting their working capital needs. Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana: It aims to achieve 22 million tonnes of fish production by 2024-25. It is also expected to create employment opportunities for 5.5 million people. Blue Revolution: It focuses on creating an enabling environment for integrated development and management of fisheries for the socio-economic development of the fishers and fish farmers. Do you know? India is the second major producer of fish through aquaculture in the world. It is the 4th largest exporter of fish in the world. It contributes 7.7% to the global fish production. Fish constituted about 10% of total exports from India and almost 20% of agriculture exports in 2017-18. The fisheries and aquaculture production contribute around 1% to India’s GDP and over 5% to the agricultural GDP. Around 28 million people are employed in the fisheries sector in India. 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom

Brus’ resettlement in Tripura People erupted in violent protests against the planned resettlement of thousands of Bru migrants permanently at Kanchanpur sub-division of North Tripura. Who are the Brus? Reangs or Brus are the second largest ethnic group in Mizoram. Their exodus in 1997 was spurred by violent clashes in Mamith subdivision, a Reang-dominated area when they demanded the creation of an autonomous council that was vehemently opposed by Mizo groups. Around 34,000 people were forced to live in sub-human conditions in tents in Tripura. No solution could be reached all these years. These people were housed in temporary camps at Kanchanpur, in North Tripura. Why have there been violent protests? Twenty-three years after ethnic clashes in Mizoram forced 37,000 people of the Bru (or Reang) community to flee their homes to neighbouring Tripura. The news was not welcomed by the Bengali and Mizo communities in Tripura. They fear a demographic imbalance, which would exert pressure on local resources and potentially lead to law and order problems. 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom

Punjab’s claim over Chandigarh Earlier this month, Haryana Dy. CM said it would be better if both Haryana and Punjab agreed on Chandigarh as a Union Territory and make their independent capitals and Benches of High Courts. Why was Chandigarh created? Chandigarh was planned to replace Lahore, the capital of erstwhile Punjab, which became part of Pakistan during the Partition. In March 1948, the Government of (India's) Punjab, in consultation with the Centre, approved the area of the foothills of the Shivaliks as the site for the new capital. From 1952 to 1966 (till Haryana was carved out of Punjab), Chandigarh remained the capital of Punjab. How did it become a shared capital? At the time of reorganization of Punjab in 1966, the city assumed the unique distinction of being the capital of both Punjab and Haryana. Even as it was declared a union territory and was placed under the direct control of the Centre. The properties in Chandigarh were to be divided into 60:40 ratio in favour of Punjab. Punjab's claim The-then PM Indira Gandhi had announced that Haryana, in due course, would have its own capital and Chandigarh would go to Punjab. As per documents submitted in the Lok Sabha, the Centre had even issued a formal communication is this regard on January 29, 1970, almost three years after Haryana came into being. Again, in 1985, under the Rajiv-Longowal accord, Chandigarh was to be handed over to Punjab on January 26, 1986, but the Rajiv Gandhi government withdrew at the last minute. Haryana's counter-claim As per the 1970 documents, the Centre had considered various alternatives for settling the matter, including dividing the city. But that wasn't feasible since Chandigarh was built as a planned city to serve as the capital of one state. Haryana was told to use the office and residential accommodation in Chandigarh only for five years till it shifts to its own new capital. The Centre had offered Rs 10 crore grant to Haryana and an equal amount of loan for setting up the new capital. In 2018, Haryana CM suggested setting up a special body for the development of Chandigarh, but the Punjab CM rejected it, saying the city "indisputably belonged to Punjab". 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom

Try this PYQ #MCQ : Q.Lichens, which are capable of initiating ecological succession even on a bare rock, are actually a symbiotic association of: (a) Algae and bacteria (b) Algae and fungi (c) Bacteria and fungi (d) Fungi and mosses

Species in news: Meghalaya’s Glowing Mushrooms A mushroom documentation project in the forests of Northeast India has discovered a bioluminescent or light-emitting variety of mushroom. Roridomyces phyllostachydis The new species was first sighted near a stream in Meghalaya's Mawlynnong in East Khasi Hills district and later at Krang Shuri in West Jaintia Hills district. It is now one among the 97 known species of bioluminescent fungi in the world. Bioluminescence in fungi Bioluminescence is the property of a living organism to produce and emit light. Bioluminescent organisms are usually found in ocean environments, but they are also found in terrestrial environments. The colour of the light emitted by the organism depends on its chemical properties. In the case of fungi, the luminescence comes from the enzyme, luciferase. The green light emits when luciferans is catalysed by the enzyme luciferase, in the presence of oxygen. 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom

Sentinel-6 Satellite The Copernicus Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich satellite, designed to monitor oceans, was launched from the in California. Sentinel-6 Satellite This is a part of the next mission dedicated to measuring changes in the global sea level. It has been named after Dr Michael Freilich, who was the Director of NASA's Earth Science Division from 2006-2019 and passed away in August this year. What is the mission? The mission, called the Jason Continuity of Service (Jason-CS) mission, is designed to measure the height of the ocean, which is a key component in understanding how the Earth's climate is changing. The spacecraft consists of two satellites, the other, called Sentinel-6B, to be launched in 2025. It has been developed jointly by the European Space Agency (ESA), NASA, and France's National Centre for Space Studies (CNES). What will the satellite do? The satellite will ensure the continuity of sea-level observations into the fourth decade and will provide measurements of global sea-level rise. Since 1992, high-precision satellite altimeters have helped scientists understand how the ocean stores and distributes heat, water and carbon in the climate system. Essentially, the satellite will send pulses to the Earth's surface and measure how long they take to return to it, which will help scientists measure the sea surface height. It will also measure water vapour along this path and find its position using GPS and ground-based lasers. Significance of the mission As per NASA, it is possible to observe the height of the oceans on a global scale and monitor critical changes in ocean currents and heat storage only from space. Data from satellites such as Sentinel-6 help scientists foresee the effects of the changing oceans on the climate. Further, in order to measure and track changes in the oceanic heat budget, scientists need to know the ocean currents and heat storage of the oceans, which can be determined from the height of the sea surface. Join >> @dailynewscom

▪️ Dead Sea and Bordering Countries

▪️ Russian Rivers and there Mouth Ob, Yensei, Lena, yana, Amur etc

▪️ Volga River Mouth