ru
Feedback
Data Science & Machine Learning

Data Science & Machine Learning

Открыть в Telegram

Join this channel to learn data science, artificial intelligence and machine learning with funny quizzes, interesting projects and amazing resources for free For collaborations: @love_data

Больше

📈 Аналитический обзор Telegram-канала Data Science & Machine Learning

Канал Data Science & Machine Learning (@datasciencefun) языкового сегмента Английский является активным участником. Сейчас сообщество объединяет 77 277 подписчиков, занимая 2 020 место в категории Образование и 4 066 место в регионе Индия.

📊 Показатели аудитории и динамика

С момента создания невідомо проект демонстрирует стремительный рост, собрав аудиторию из 77 277 подписчиков.

Согласно последним данным от 25 августа, 2026, канал показывает стабильную активность. За последние 30 дней изменение числа участников составило 432, а за последние 24 часа — -7, при этом общий охват остаётся высоким.

  • Статус верификации: Не верифицирован
  • Уровень вовлечённости (ER): Средний показатель вовлечённости аудитории составляет 2.60%. В первые 24 часа после публикации контент обычно набирает 1.13% реакций от общего числа подписчиков.
  • Охват публикаций: В среднем каждый пост получает 2 008 просмотров. В течение первых суток публикация набирает 876 просмотров.
  • Реакции и взаимодействия: Аудитория активно поддерживает контент: среднее количество реакций на один пост — 3.
  • Тематические интересы: Контент сосредоточен на ключевых темах, таких как learning, accuracy, distribution, panda, dataset.

📝 Описание и контентная политика

Автор описывает ресурс как площадку для выражения субъективного мнения:
Join this channel to learn data science, artificial intelligence and machine learning with funny quizzes, interesting projects and amazing resources for free For collaborations: @love_data

Благодаря высокой частоте обновлений (последние данные получены 26 августа, 2026) канал поддерживает актуальность и высокий уровень охвата публикаций. Аналитика показывает, что аудитория активно взаимодействует с контентом, что делает его важной точкой влияния в категории Образование.

Buy Ad
77 277
Подписчики
-724 часа
+887 дней
+43230 день
Архив постов
Your Data Science degree just got an AI update. Yeah. Things are moving fast. Python. SQL. Machine Learning. Deep Learning. M
Your Data Science degree just got an AI update. Yeah. Things are moving fast. Python. SQL. Machine Learning. Deep Learning. MLOps. And now GenAI, LLMs, RAG & AI-powered workflows. An 8-month program with 20+ industry projects and live weekend classes. Maybe Data Science was just the beginning. https://lp.pwskills.com/data-science-ai-online-program-pw-skills?utm_source=telegram&utm_medium=influencer&utm_campaign=deepakAugDS

Output: 1.0 This indicates a perfect positive linear relationship for this small example. 🔹 18. Common Mistakes • Thinking correlation must be between 0 and 1 → Correlation can be negative: -1 <= r <= 1 • Thinking r = 0 means absolutely no relationship → It means there is no linear relationship detected by Pearson correlation. A nonlinear relationship may still exist. • Assuming high correlation proves causation → Correlation only tells us that variables move together. It does not establish cause and effect. 🎯 Practice Questions • 1. What does positive covariance indicate? • 1. What is the possible range of Pearson correlation? • 1. What does a correlation of -0.90 indicate? • 1. Why is correlation easier to interpret than covariance? • 1. Why doesn't correlation imply causation? 🎯 Key Takeaways • Covariance measures how two variables change together. • Positive covariance indicates that variables tend to move in the same direction. • Negative covariance indicates that they tend to move in opposite directions. • Correlation measures the direction and strength of a linear relationship. • Pearson correlation ranges from -1 to +1. • Correlation is unitless and easier to interpret than covariance. • A correlation of +1 indicates perfect positive linear association. • A correlation of -1 indicates perfect negative linear association. • A correlation of 0 indicates no linear association. • Correlation does not imply causation. 👉 Double Tap ❤️ For More 📊 ----- 1.55 ₽ · /balance_help

• +0.9 → Very strong positive • +0.5 → Moderate positive • +0.1 → Weak positive • 0 → No linear relationship • -0.1 → Weak negative • -0.5 → Moderate negative • -0.9 → Very strong negative The exact interpretation depends on the domain and context. 🔹 9. Pearson Correlation Coefficient ⭐ The most commonly used correlation measure is the Pearson correlation coefficient. It is calculated as: • r = Cov(X,Y) / (StdDev X ** StdDev Y) Where: • Cov(X,Y) = Covariance between X and Y • StdDev X = Standard deviation of X • StdDev Y = Standard deviation of Y Because covariance is divided by the standard deviations, the result is standardized between -1 and +1. 🔹 10. Covariance vs Correlation • Covariance: Measures direction of joint variation, Can have any numerical value, Depends on units, Harder to interpret, Useful mathematically • Correlation: Measures direction and strength, Always between -1 and +1, Unitless, Easier to interpret, Very useful for EDA 🔹 11. Positive Correlation Example Suppose: Advertising Spend ↑ → Sales ↑ If higher advertising spending generally corresponds to higher sales, the correlation may be positive. • For example: r = 0.85 → This indicates a strong positive linear relationship. 🔹 12. Negative Correlation Example Suppose: Price ↑ → Demand ↓ You might observe: r = -0.80 → This indicates a strong negative linear relationship. 🔹 13. Correlation Does NOT Mean Causation ⭐ This is one of the most important concepts in Data Science. Suppose we observe: Ice Cream Sales ↑ ↔ Swimming Pool Accidents ↑ There may be a positive correlation. But eating ice cream doesn't necessarily cause swimming accidents. A third variable — hot weather — could influence both: • Hot Weather → Ice Cream Sales • Hot Weather → Swimming Activity → Accidents Therefore: Correlation does not prove causation. 🔹 14. Correlation and Machine Learning Correlation is frequently used during Exploratory Data Analysis. For example, suppose you're predicting house prices. You might examine correlations between: • House size • Number of bedrooms • Location-related variables • Age of property • Price A strong correlation between house size and price may indicate that house size could be a useful predictive feature. However, correlation alone does not determine whether a feature should be included in a model. 🔹 15. Correlation Matrix ⭐ When a dataset contains many numerical variables, we can calculate correlations between every pair of variables. This produces a correlation matrix. Example: • Age | Income | Spending • Age: 1.00, 0.65, -0.10 • Income: 0.65, 1.00, 0.72 • Spending: -0.10, 0.72, 1.00 The diagonal is always 1.00 because every variable has a perfect correlation with itself. 🔹 16. Detecting Multicollinearity • Correlation can help identify multicollinearity. • Multicollinearity occurs when two or more predictor variables are highly correlated with each other. • For example: Annual Income ↔ Monthly Income — These variables contain very similar information. • Including highly correlated predictors can create problems for some models, particularly linear regression, because it can make coefficient estimates unstable and harder to interpret. 🔹 17. Python Example Using Pandas:
import pandas as pd

data = {
    "Hours": [2, 4, 6, 8, 10],
    "Score": [50, 60, 70, 80, 90]
}

df = pd.DataFrame(data)

print(df["Hours"].corr(df["Score"]))

🚀 Data Science Roadmap 2026 📘 Phase 2: Mathematics for Data Science 📖 Topic 8: Covariance and Correlation Welcome back! 👋 In the previous lesson, you learned about Range, Percentiles, Quartiles, IQR, and the Five-Number Summary. Now let's learn two extremely important concepts for understanding relationships between variables: • Covariance • Correlation These concepts are used extensively in Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA), feature selection, machine learning, and statistical analysis. 🔹 1. Why Do We Need Covariance and Correlation? Suppose you're analyzing student data: • Hours Studied | Exam Score • 2 | 50 • 4 | 60 • 6 | 70 • 8 | 80 • 10 | 90 You can observe that as study hours increase, exam scores also increase. But how can we mathematically measure this relationship? That's where covariance and correlation come in. 🔹 2. What is Covariance? Covariance measures the direction in which two variables change together. It tells us whether two variables tend to increase or decrease together. Three possibilities: • Positive Covariance: When one variable increases, the other tends to increase. X ↑ → Y ↑. Example: Study hours ↑ → Exam score ↑ • Negative Covariance: When one variable increases, the other tends to decrease. X ↑ → Y ↓. Example: Product price ↑ → Demand ↓ • Covariance Near Zero: There is little or no linear relationship between the variables. X ↑ → No consistent change in Y 🔹 3. Covariance Formula For population data: • Cov(X,Y) = Sum of (Xi - Mean X) ** (Yi - Mean Y) / N Where: • Xi = Individual X value • Yi = Individual Y value • Mean X = Mean of X • Mean Y = Mean of Y • N = Number of observations The calculation essentially asks: When X is above or below its average, is Y also above or below its average? 🔹 4. Simple Covariance Example Consider: • X = [1, 2, 3] • Y = [2, 4, 6] Means: • Mean(X) = 2 • Mean(Y) = 4 Now calculate deviations: • X | X - Mean X | Y | Y - Mean Y | Product • 1 | -1 | 2 | -2 | 2 • 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 • 3 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 2 Sum of products: 2 + 0 + 2 = 4 Population covariance: Cov(X,Y) = 4 / 3 = 1.33 So covariance is positive. That makes sense because Y increases whenever X increases. 🔹 5. The Problem with Covariance • Covariance tells us the direction of a relationship, but its magnitude depends on the units of the variables. • For example: Height in centimeters, Weight in kilograms • Changing centimeters to meters can change the numerical value of covariance. • Therefore, covariance isn't always easy to interpret or compare. • This leads us to correlation. 🔹 6. What is Correlation? ⭐ • Correlation measures both the direction and strength of a linear relationship between two variables. • Unlike covariance, correlation is standardized. • Its value always lies between: -1 <= r <= 1 🔹 7. Interpreting Correlation • r = +1: Perfect positive linear relationship. X ↑ → Y ↑ • r = -1: Perfect negative linear relationship. X ↑ → Y ↓ • r = 0: No linear relationship. • Important: r = 0 does not necessarily mean there is no relationship at all. A strong nonlinear relationship can still exist. 🔹 8. Correlation Strength A rough interpretation:

Output: 1.0 This indicates a perfect positive linear relationship for this small example. 🔹 18. Common Mistakes • Thinking correlation must be between 0 and 1 → Correlation can be negative: -1 <= r <= 1 • Thinking r = 0 means absolutely no relationship → It means there is no linear relationship detected by Pearson correlation. A nonlinear relationship may still exist. • Assuming high correlation proves causation → Correlation only tells us that variables move together. It does not establish cause and effect. 🎯 Practice Questions • 1. What does positive covariance indicate? • 1. What is the possible range of Pearson correlation? • 1. What does a correlation of -0.90 indicate? • 1. Why is correlation easier to interpret than covariance? • 1. Why doesn't correlation imply causation? 🎯 Key Takeaways • Covariance measures how two variables change together. • Positive covariance indicates that variables tend to move in the same direction. • Negative covariance indicates that they tend to move in opposite directions. • Correlation measures the direction and strength of a linear relationship. • Pearson correlation ranges from -1 to +1. • Correlation is unitless and easier to interpret than covariance. • A correlation of +1 indicates perfect positive linear association. • A correlation of -1 indicates perfect negative linear association. • A correlation of 0 indicates no linear association. • Correlation does not imply causation. 👉 Double Tap ❤️ For More 📊 ----- 1.55 ₽ · /balance_help

• +0.9 → Very strong positive • +0.5 → Moderate positive • +0.1 → Weak positive • 0 → No linear relationship • -0.1 → Weak negative • -0.5 → Moderate negative • -0.9 → Very strong negative The exact interpretation depends on the domain and context. 🔹 9. Pearson Correlation Coefficient ⭐ The most commonly used correlation measure is the Pearson correlation coefficient. It is calculated as: • r = Cov(X,Y) / (StdDev X ** StdDev Y) Where: • Cov(X,Y) = Covariance between X and Y • StdDev X = Standard deviation of X • StdDev Y = Standard deviation of Y Because covariance is divided by the standard deviations, the result is standardized between -1 and +1. 🔹 10. Covariance vs Correlation • Covariance: Measures direction of joint variation, Can have any numerical value, Depends on units, Harder to interpret, Useful mathematically • Correlation: Measures direction and strength, Always between -1 and +1, Unitless, Easier to interpret, Very useful for EDA 🔹 11. Positive Correlation Example Suppose: Advertising Spend ↑ → Sales ↑ If higher advertising spending generally corresponds to higher sales, the correlation may be positive. • For example: r = 0.85 → This indicates a strong positive linear relationship. 🔹 12. Negative Correlation Example Suppose: Price ↑ → Demand ↓ You might observe: r = -0.80 → This indicates a strong negative linear relationship. 🔹 13. Correlation Does NOT Mean Causation ⭐ This is one of the most important concepts in Data Science. Suppose we observe: Ice Cream Sales ↑ ↔ Swimming Pool Accidents ↑ There may be a positive correlation. But eating ice cream doesn't necessarily cause swimming accidents. A third variable — hot weather — could influence both: • Hot Weather → Ice Cream Sales • Hot Weather → Swimming Activity → Accidents Therefore: Correlation does not prove causation. 🔹 14. Correlation and Machine Learning Correlation is frequently used during Exploratory Data Analysis. For example, suppose you're predicting house prices. You might examine correlations between: • House size • Number of bedrooms • Location-related variables • Age of property • Price A strong correlation between house size and price may indicate that house size could be a useful predictive feature. However, correlation alone does not determine whether a feature should be included in a model. 🔹 15. Correlation Matrix ⭐ When a dataset contains many numerical variables, we can calculate correlations between every pair of variables. This produces a correlation matrix. Example: • Age | Income | Spending • Age: 1.00, 0.65, -0.10 • Income: 0.65, 1.00, 0.72 • Spending: -0.10, 0.72, 1.00 The diagonal is always 1.00 because every variable has a perfect correlation with itself. 🔹 16. Detecting Multicollinearity • Correlation can help identify multicollinearity. • Multicollinearity occurs when two or more predictor variables are highly correlated with each other. • For example: Annual Income ↔ Monthly Income — These variables contain very similar information. • Including highly correlated predictors can create problems for some models, particularly linear regression, because it can make coefficient estimates unstable and harder to interpret. 🔹 17. Python Example Using Pandas:
import pandas as pd

data = {
    "Hours": [2, 4, 6, 8, 10],
    "Score": [50, 60, 70, 80, 90]
}

df = pd.DataFrame(data)

print(df["Hours"].corr(df["Score"]))

🚀 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗘 𝗗𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗔𝗻𝗮𝗹𝘆𝘁𝗶𝗰𝘀 𝗖𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗖𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘀𝗲! 📊 Here’s a great chance to learn valuable s
🚀 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗘 𝗗𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗔𝗻𝗮𝗹𝘆𝘁𝗶𝗰𝘀 𝗖𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗖𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘀𝗲! 📊 Here’s a great chance to learn valuable skills and earn a FREE Certificate 🎓 ✅ Beginner-friendly ✅ Learn Data Analytics skills ✅ Free certification ✅ Boost your resume & LinkedIn profile ✅ Great for students & job seekers 𝗘𝗻𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗹 𝗙𝗼𝗿 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗘👇 :- https://pdlink.in/4qn5q94 📌 Start learning today & upgrade your career!

Which of the following represents the five-number summary?
Anonymous voting

Which formula is used to calculate the upper bound for potential outliers using the IQR method?
Anonymous voting

If Q1 = 20 and Q3 = 80, what is the IQR?
Anonymous voting

Which percentile represents the median?
Anonymous voting

What is the range of the dataset below? 10, 20, 30, 40, 50
Anonymous voting

𝗣𝗮𝘆 𝗔𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗣𝗹𝗮𝗰𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁—𝗕𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗲 𝗮 𝗙𝘂𝗹𝗹 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝗰𝗸 𝗗𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗿 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗔𝗜😍 Curriculum
𝗣𝗮𝘆 𝗔𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗣𝗹𝗮𝗰𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁—𝗕𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗲 𝗮 𝗙𝘂𝗹𝗹 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝗰𝗸 𝗗𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗿 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗔𝗜😍 Curriculum designed and taught by alumni from IITs & leading tech companies. 🏆 Placement Highlights:- 💰 ₹41 LPA highest salary 📈 ₹7.4 LPA average salary 🎓 2,000+ students placed 🏢 500+ partner companies 🔗 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝘆 𝗡𝗼𝘄 👇:- https://pdlink.in/3SuUeuD ⚡ Take the first step toward your dream tech career today!

🚀 𝗪𝗶𝗽𝗿𝗼 𝗘𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗲 𝗡𝗧𝗛 & 𝗧𝘂𝗿𝗯𝗼 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗘 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗶𝗲𝘄 𝗞𝗶𝘁 💻🔥 Get access to a FREE interview preparati
🚀 𝗪𝗶𝗽𝗿𝗼 𝗘𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗲 𝗡𝗧𝗛 & 𝗧𝘂𝗿𝗯𝗼 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗘 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗶𝗲𝘄 𝗞𝗶𝘁 💻🔥 Get access to a FREE interview preparation kit and prepare smarter for your upcoming assessment & interview rounds. 📚 Prepare For:- ✅ Technical Interview Questions ✅ Software Engineer Interview Rounds ✅ Interview Preparation Resources 🎯 Perfect for Students | Freshers | Engineering Graduates | Wipro Aspirants 🔗 𝗚𝗲𝘁 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗘 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗶𝗲𝘄 𝗞𝗶𝘁 👇:- https://pdlink.in/4zh9E6g 🔥 Start preparing early and improve your chances of cracking the Wipro hiring process!

Essential Excel Functions for Data Analysts 🚀 1️⃣ Basic Functions SUM() – Adds a range of numbers. =SUM(A1:A10) AVERAGE() – Calculates the average. =AVERAGE(A1:A10) MIN() / MAX() – Finds the smallest/largest value. =MIN(A1:A10) 2️⃣ Logical Functions IF() – Conditional logic. =IF(A1>50, "Pass", "Fail") IFS() – Multiple conditions. =IFS(A1>90, "A", A1>80, "B", TRUE, "C") AND() / OR() – Checks multiple conditions. =AND(A1>50, B1<100) 3️⃣ Text Functions LEFT() / RIGHT() / MID() – Extract text from a string. =LEFT(A1, 3) (First 3 characters) =MID(A1, 3, 2) (2 characters from the 3rd position) LEN() – Counts characters. =LEN(A1) TRIM() – Removes extra spaces. =TRIM(A1) UPPER() / LOWER() / PROPER() – Changes text case. 4️⃣ Lookup Functions VLOOKUP() – Searches for a value in a column. =VLOOKUP(1001, A2:B10, 2, FALSE) HLOOKUP() – Searches in a row. XLOOKUP() – Advanced lookup replacing VLOOKUP. =XLOOKUP(1001, A2:A10, B2:B10, "Not Found") 5️⃣ Date & Time Functions TODAY() – Returns the current date. NOW() – Returns the current date and time. YEAR(), MONTH(), DAY() – Extracts parts of a date. DATEDIF() – Calculates the difference between two dates. 6️⃣ Data Cleaning Functions REMOVE DUPLICATES – Found in the "Data" tab. CLEAN() – Removes non-printable characters. SUBSTITUTE() – Replaces text within a string. =SUBSTITUTE(A1, "old", "new") 7️⃣ Advanced Functions INDEX() & MATCH() – More flexible alternative to VLOOKUP. TEXTJOIN() – Joins text with a delimiter. UNIQUE() – Returns unique values from a range. FILTER() – Filters data dynamically. =FILTER(A2:B10, B2:B10>50) 8️⃣ Pivot Tables & Power Query PIVOT TABLES – Summarizes data dynamically. GETPIVOTDATA() – Extracts data from a Pivot Table. POWER QUERY – Automates data cleaning & transformation. You can find Free Excel Resources here: https://t.me/excel_data Hope it helps :) #dataanalytics

🚀 𝗔𝗜 & 𝗠𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗟𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗘 𝗖𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗖𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘀𝗲 🔥 Upgrade your skills and prepare
🚀 𝗔𝗜 & 𝗠𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗟𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗘 𝗖𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗖𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘀𝗲 🔥 Upgrade your skills and prepare for exciting career opportunities in AI! ✅ Beginner-friendly course ✅ Learn AI & Machine Learning fundamentals ✅ Gain practical, job-ready skills ✅ Earn a FREE certificate ✅ Boost your resume and LinkedIn profile ✅ Ideal for students, freshers and professionals 🔗 𝗘𝗻𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗹 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗘 👇:- https://pdlink.in/4zrkYNg ⚡ Limited opportunity—start learning today!

☁️ 𝟰 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗘 𝗚𝗼𝗼𝗴𝗹𝗲 𝗖𝗹𝗼𝘂𝗱 𝗖𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘀𝗲𝘀 | 𝗕𝘂𝗶𝗹𝗱 𝗜𝗻-𝗗𝗲𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝗹𝗼𝘂𝗱 𝗦𝗸𝗶𝗹𝗹𝘀 Explore these Go
☁️ 𝟰 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗘 𝗚𝗼𝗼𝗴𝗹𝗲 𝗖𝗹𝗼𝘂𝗱 𝗖𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘀𝗲𝘀 | 𝗕𝘂𝗶𝗹𝗱 𝗜𝗻-𝗗𝗲𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝗹𝗼𝘂𝗱 𝗦𝗸𝗶𝗹𝗹𝘀 Explore these Google Cloud learning resources covering cloud fundamentals, infrastructure, networking, security, data and AI/ML. 🔥 4 Courses to Explore: 1️⃣ Cloud Computing Fundamentals 2️⃣ Infrastructure in Google Cloud 3️⃣ Networking & Security in Google Cloud 4️⃣ Data, ML & AI in Google Cloud 🔗 𝗘𝗻𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗹 𝗙𝗼𝗿 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗘👇:-  https://pdlink.in/4zrksPn 🎯 Perfect for Students | Freshers | Developers | Cloud & DevOps Aspirants

𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗛𝗢𝗠𝗘 𝗝𝗢𝗕 𝗢𝗣𝗣𝗢𝗥𝗧𝗨𝗡𝗜𝗧𝗬 😍 Company Name :- AI InsurTech Company 💼 𝗥𝗼𝗹𝗲: Backend Develop
𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗛𝗢𝗠𝗘 𝗝𝗢𝗕 𝗢𝗣𝗣𝗢𝗥𝗧𝗨𝗡𝗜𝗧𝗬 😍 Company Name :- AI InsurTech Company 💼 𝗥𝗼𝗹𝗲: Backend Developer 💰 𝗦𝗮𝗹𝗮𝗿𝘆: ₹5 LPA 🏠 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗸 𝗠𝗼𝗱𝗲: Work From Home 📍 𝗟𝗼𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Hyderabad / Remote 🎓 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗖𝗮𝗻 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝘆? ✅ BTech/BE graduates ✅ Branches: CS, IT, AI, ML and Data-related streams ✅ Graduation Years: 2025 and 2026 🔗 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝘆 𝗡𝗼𝘄 👇:- https://pdlink.in/4xIfsE4 ⚡ Apply early and share this opportunity with your friends!

🚀 Data Science Roadmap 2026 📘 Phase 2: Mathematics for Data Science 📖 Topic 7: Descriptive Statistics — Range, Percentiles, Quartiles, IQR & Five-Number Summary Welcome back! 👋 In the previous lesson you covered Probability Distributions. Now we’re moving to Descriptive Statistics — how we summarize data without predicting the population. Today we’ll cover: Range, Percentiles, Quartiles, IQR, Five-number summary, Outlier detection These are core for EDA. 🔹 1. What is Descriptive Statistics? Summarizes key characteristics of a dataset. Example: Salaries: 30000, 35000, 40000, 45000, 50000 Instead of checking each value, use: Min, Max, Mean, Median, Quartiles, Percentiles, Std Dev 🔹 2. Range Formula: Range = Maximum − Minimum Example: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 → Range = 50 − 10 = 40 Note: Very sensitive to outliers. 50 → 500 makes range jump to 490. 🔹 3. Percentiles ⭐ Value below which X% of observations fall. 50th Percentile = Median 25th Percentile = 25% at or below 90th Percentile = 90% at or below 🔹 4. Real-World Example 90th percentile score ≠ 90% marks. It means you did better than ∼90% of people. 🔹 5. Quartiles Divide data into 4 equal parts: Q1 = 25th percentile Q2 = 50th percentile = Median Q3 = 75th percentile 🔹 6. Visualizing Quartiles 0% ---- Q1 ---- Q2 ---- Q3 ---- 100% 25% 50% 75% 🔹 7. Interquartile Range (IQR) ⭐ Formula: IQR = Q3 − Q1 Example: Q1=20, Q3=60 → IQR = 40. Middle 50% spans 40 units. 🔹 8. Why IQR Matters Less affected by outliers than Range. Data: 10,20,30,40,50,1000 → Range=990 but IQR ignores the 1000. 🔹 9. Detecting Outliers Using IQR ⭐ Lower Bound = Q1 − 1.5 × IQR Upper Bound = Q3 + 1.5 × IQR Values outside = potential outliers 🔹 10. Outlier Example Q1=20, Q3=60 → IQR=40 Lower = 20-60 = -40 Upper = 60+60 = 120 So < -40 or > 120 are outliers 🔹 11. Five-Number Summary ⭐ 1. Minimum 2. Q1 3. Median 4. Q3 5. Maximum Ex: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 🔹 12. Box Plot Visualizes the 5-number summary. Box = Q1 to Q3. Line inside = Median. Whiskers = range without outliers. 🔹 13. Python Example
import numpy as np

data = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70]
q1 = np.percentile(data, 25)
median = np.percentile(data, 50)
q3 = np.percentile(data, 75)
iqr = q3 - q1
print("Q1:", q1, "Median:", median, "Q3:", q3, "IQR:", iqr)
🔹 14. Descriptive Statistics in Pandas
import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({"Salary": [30000, 35000, 40000, 45000, 50000]})
print(df["Salary"].describe())
describe() gives Count, Mean, Std, Min, 25%, 50%, 75%, Max 🔹 15. Real-World Example Transactions: Q1=₹500, Median=₹1000, Q3=₹2000 → IQR=₹1500 Use IQR to flag fraud, bulk orders, errors, or VIP customers. Investigate before deleting. 🔹 16. Range vs IQR Range: Easy but outlier-sensitive IQR: Middle 50% only, robust to outliers 🔹 17. Percentile vs Percentage Percentage = out of 100. Ex: 80% marks Percentile = relative position. Ex: 90th percentile 🔹 18. Common Mistakes ❌ 90th percentile = 90% score ❌ Deleting all outliers blindly ❌ Thinking IQR covers all data 🎯 Practice Questions 1. Range of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 = ? 2. Median = which percentile? 3. Q1=25, Q3=75 → IQR = ? 4. Upper outlier boundary formula? 5. 5 components of five-number summary? 🎯 Key Takeaways ✅ Range = Max - Min ✅ Q1=25th, Q2=50th=Median, Q3=75th ✅ IQR = Q3 - Q1 ✅ 5-number summary = Min, Q1, Median, Q3, Max ✅ Percentile ≠ Percentage 👉 Double Tap ❤️ For More ----- 2.46 ₽ · /balance_help

𝗗𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗦𝗰𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗘 𝗢𝗻𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗠𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗰𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀 😍 💫Kickstart Your Data Science Career 💫Join this Mast
𝗗𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗦𝗰𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗘 𝗢𝗻𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗠𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗰𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀 😍 💫Kickstart Your Data Science Career 💫Join this Masterclass for an expert-led session on Data Science Eligibility :- Students ,Freshers & Working Professionals 𝗥𝗲𝗴𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗙𝗼𝗿 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗘 👇:- https://pdlink.in/4xOh5jA (Only few slots left ) Date & Time :- 21st August 2026 & 7PM