The Mind Power Institute

Middle English dialects https://youtube.com/shorts/iJ_JuDmY1FA?feature=share

Old English Dialects https://youtube.com/shorts/IEn23knROFs?feature=share

New Batch Date-18 November हो गया है l बुकिंग चालू है l Don’t miss the chance.

Today’s class time table 10th- 3:30 PM 12th(7/9 बजे का बैच)-4:20 PM 12th(9:50 का बैच)- 5 PM आज के लिए केवल, कल से अपने टाइम पर जो सुबह रहता था l धन्यवाद!

मंदिर की साफ़ सफाई करने दाई न आ पाई है ल । कोई अगर सामिल होना चाहता हो तो कॉल कर आ सकते है ।

12th class apne time p h

Sam k mission h

Mission 12 bje kl Test hoga

5:30 PM batch closed due to absence

Noon Mission closed today due to low presences.

Evening Mission closed today कल ज़्यादा देर तक 3 टॉपिक समाप्त होगा और शनिवार को टेस्ट होगा एल

*Old English was not a single uniform(एकसमान) language. *There are four dialects of Old English. They are- Kentish, Northumbrian, Mercian&WestSaxon. *At first Old English language looks different because of its alien spelling, unfamiliar vocabulary & grammar. *The writing system of Old English is very different from what we find today. *When the Anglo-Saxons came to England they used a system of writing which was in use in the Northern and Western part of Europe. The writing system was the Runic alphabet. *Runic alphabet was sharp straight without curves and it is found on weapons, monuments & Jewellery. **After 6th century, the spread of Christianity led to the gradual use of the Roman script. *After the Norman Conquest of AD1066, new letters were added to the alphabet such as Q, q, W, w, J, j. *Foreign influences(असर) on the Old English period are Latin(Rome) & Scandinavian(Danish) *In ancient times Latin had the status of a world language. *About AD600 Christianity began to spread in England together with the rise of literacy. *Christianitymissionaries(ईसाई घर्म प्रचारक) translated a large number of Latin texts. *Today many of Latin words are related to religion such as-heaven, hell, God, Easter, sin, alter, angel, nun, priest **The second major linguistic invasion was the Scandinavian attacks on England. *Scandinavians were the Germanic inhabitants(निवासी) of Norway, Sweden and Denmark, who as one time neighbours of the Anglo-Saxons in 5thcentury. *Scandinavians were daring sea-faring people so they were called Vikings(समुद्री डाकू). *Vikings age was from the middle of the 8th century to the beginning of the 11th century. * There are two types of Anglo-Saxons literature. *The first is that which was undoubtedly brought by the Germanic tribes when they invaded England and preserved in the oral tradition. *The second is manifest(स्पष्ट) in the songs, poems and religious writings found in manuscripts(हस्तलिपी) produced(उत्पति) when literacy came to England. *Some manuscripts are-(1)The Beowulf (2)The Junius (3)The Exeter Book (4)The Vercelli Book *The era of King Alfred was called the golden period of Old English literature. *King Alfred was a scholar, soldier, law-fiver and ruler. *King Alfred brought in teachers and scholars from abroad and he himself set out to translate many of the works in Latin into West Saxon. *The most notable work inspired by Alfred was ‘TheAnglo-Saxon Chronicle(इतिहास)’. *The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the first book of English prose and first continuous history of a European nation in its own language. *The year 1066 marks the end of Old English. *The Norman Conquest made England into little more than a colony of France. *French became the language of the king’s court, justice governance and education. *The language of everyday speech among the upper class in England was French. *English began replacing French, first in the homes and later in the offices and schools. The children of the nobility(मर्यादा) spoke English as their mother tongue and had to be taught French in school. *The English language survived the onslaught(आक्रमण) of the French rulers. *England was restored to English kings within 150 years of the Norman Conquest.

Basic knowledge AD-Anno Domini (a Latin phrase)(ई.) =Denoting years after the start of this epoch BC-Before Christ(ई. पू.)        =Denoting years before the start of this epoch 1. How English Began *English is a non-phonetic language. *The father of English is called Geoffrey Chaucer *English language is much younger than Sanskrit, Persian, Greek, Latin and other great classical languages of past. *The English we speak today came from the speech of the Germanic tribes: Angles, Saxon & Jutes (together called Anglo-Saxons) *Anglo-Saxons invaded Britain(England) in the 5th century and gave the country its name and its language. *Anglo-Saxon were Germanic People who lived in North and West Europe (present day-Denmark, Germany and Holland) *The languages Anglo-Saxons used were Germanic or Teutonic. *Germanic and Teutonic Languages are closely related to Latin, Greek, Sanskrit and the other languages of the Indo-European family of languages. *Thus, through Germanic, English belongs to the ancient Indo-European family of languages so English is called the mixture of many dialects. *The Germanic invaders were called Saxons by the native of England. *The Saxons, on the other hand, called the natives of England ‘Weals’ or Foreigners. *Anglo-Saxons began to call their languages Englisc. *Englisc was derived from the name: Angles(old English:Engle)   *The country was given the name Anglecynn. *From about AD1000, the name Englaland came into in use in place of Anglecynn. *Thus both the name of the country England, and the language, English, are not native to English. *Today English is called ‘A window to the world’. 2.English Down The Ages *The importance of the English language in our modern and globalized(वैश्विकरण) world creates the impression(असर) that it is spoken by the maximum number of people all over the world. *It is interesting to know that Mandarin Chinese, spoken by approximately(लगभग) 873000000 people. *English is spoken by about 309000000 people, though it is a language which has its presence in all parts of the world and its power is felt the world over. *Hindi is the third in terms of the number of speakers in the world. *English is just about fifteen hundred years old and the language we are familiar(परिचित) with is less than five centuries old. And it has given expression(अभिव्यक्ति) to world class literature in all genres(शैली). *English was once humble East Midland Dialects(बोली). *There are three main periods of English 1. Old English (AD449-1066) 2. Middle English (AD1150- 1500)  3. Modern English (AD1500 onwards) 3. Old English(For 12th Class) *The period of old English is from 449AD to 1066 AD *Old English is known as Anglo-Saxon &Anglo-Celtic. *Old English period is characterized(चित्रण करना) by inflections(शुर परिवर्तन). *Old English is known as the Dark Age. *The history of English begins with the coming of the Anglo-Saxons from Europe to mainland Britain. *The Anglo-Saxons were fierce(उग्र), war-like tribes from Europe and invasion(हमला) in 449 changed Celtic Britain into Germanic England. *The Norman Conquest(जीत) in 1066 resulted(नतीजा निकलना) in the infusion(सम्मिश्रण) of a large number of French words into the vocabulary of English from Europe to mainland Britain. *The relationship between the Celts and the invaders is difficult to describe accurately, but they seemed to have settled down side by side in more or less peaceful contact with the Anglo-Saxons. *They combined to produce seven kingdoms known as the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. *The leadership of these kingdoms gradually passed into the hands of the Saxons because of their better political understanding. *The Celtic languages were not used for any purpose by them, and these languages did not influence(असर डालना) the Saxons. *Only a handful of Celtic words exist today and most of them are names of places or rivers. They are- Place Names-Dover, Cumberland, Kent, London & York Rivers Names-Thames, Dee, Derwent, Avon & Trent *Old English is different from Modern English in matters of Sounds, Vocabulary, Grammar & Spelling.