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Vattezhutu Why in news? In the Tirupur district of Tamil Nadu, archaeologists have uncovered eight Tamil inscriptions and a Vattezhuthu from the 1,00-year-old Thalikiswarar temple. What is it? • The syllabic alphabet known as Vatteluttu, or Vattezhuthu, was used to write Tamil and Malayalam in southern India (Tamil Nadu and Kerala) and Sri Lanka. • It is believed that the word Vatteluttu means "rounded script," "northern script," or "chiseled script #GS 1 – Art and Culture

BEST PRACTICES Manual Scavenging Bandicoot is a robotic system for manhole and sewer line cleaning aimed at the complete elimination of manual scavenging from the face of earth. The Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) in 2019 procured a ‘Bandicoot’, which would help end the practice of manual scavenging.

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PLACES IN NEWS McDermitt Caldera Geologists have discovered a massive lithium deposit within the McDermitt Caldera, near the Nevada-Oregon state line. It is believed to hold 20 to 40 million metric tonnes of lithium, which might double the grade of lithium deposits found anyplace else in the world. This might help the US reduce its reliance on China for lithium wind turbines. What is a Caldera? It is a bowl shaped large depression formed when a volcano erupts and collapses Types of Caldera 1. Crater Lake Caldera 2. Shield Volcano Caldera 3. Resurgent Caldera

BEST PRACTICES Sanctuary city for LGBTQI+  Lake Worth Beach, in southeastern Florida, has become the state's first community to legally declare itself a sanctuary city for LGBTQ persons and their families.  Its commissioners reached the unanimous decision, which is significant for the LGBTQ community.  The city affirms its commitment to providing a safe, inclusive, and supporting environment for LGBTQ+ individuals and their families. The resolution highlights the necessity of providing a quiet and comfortable environment for them to live in.

PLACES IN NEWS 1. Tomb of Unknown Soldier  It is a war memorial located in Syntagma Square in Athens, Greece  It is dedicated for Greek soldiers who lost their lives in different wars  It was Sculpted between 1930 and 1932 by Fokion Rok 2. Grand Cross of the Order of Honor  The Grand Cross of the Order of Honour is Greece's second-highest civilian honour, following the Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer.  The award was established in 1975 and includes the goddess Athena's head on the front side  The prize is granted to persons who have distinguished themselves in politics, diplomacy, arts, science, or social service while also promoting Greek interests and ideals.

Clean River Initiative  India and Denmark have signed the "Environmental Startegic Partnership" to revitalize river Varuna  They have used the SLCR or the Smart Laboratory on Clean Rivers method What is SLCR?  It is a method that uses hydrological models to analyze the river water dynamics and develop a comprehensive river management strategy.  It uses advanced geophysical techniques and mathematical modeling Varuna River  Minor Tributary of river Ganga  It originates at Phulpur town in Prayagraj and merges into Ganga in Varanasi

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Microplastics Microplastics are small plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter. They are categorized into two types - 1. Primary Microplastics - manufactured intentionally generally for personal care and cosmetics 2. Secondary Microplastics - Produced due to breakdown of larger plastic debris through processes like weathering and degradation Major locations with Microplastic Debris Mount Everest Mariana Trench Great Pacific Garbage Patch Measures Basel convention - has added and updated the issue of microplastics 2023 Champions of the Earth Award - recognize individuals and organizations who come up with innovative solutions to combat the issue of plastic pollution Plastic Overshoot Day - 2024 projected date - 5th September (World) and 23rd April (India) Use of technology- Develop sensors, biodegradable alternatives. Further advanced filtration techniques to caputre microplastics are also being developed IISC has developed a sustaible hydrogel to remove microplastic from water