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- «أنتَ تُصلِّ علَى النَّبي -ﷺ- واحِدَة، واللهُ فِي عليَائِه يُصلِّ علَيكَ بهَا عَشرًا؛ فَلا تَفتَر». • اللهُمّ صَلّ وسلّم علَى نبيّنا مُحمّد وآله.🤍

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⚠️ Is Metronidazole carcinogenic? 🧪 Animal studies: Metronidazole caused tumors in mice and rats. 👤 Humans: Its carcinogenicity in humans has not been established. 📌 IARC Classification: Group 2B — Possibly carcinogenic to humans. 🚫 Is it banned worldwide? No. Metronidazole remains approved for human use in the USA. # Reference: IARC. Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs, Volumes 1–42. Supplement 7, 1987. Metronidazole. https://monographs.iarc.who.int/list-of-classifications/ 💡Carcinogenic in animals ≠ proven carcinogenic in humans. #Pharmacology

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※ Henoch–Schönlein Purpura (HSP) | IgA Vasculitis.

⇨ Def: IgA-mediated small-vessel vasculitis, common in children. 📌 Clinical tetrad: 1. 🟣 Palpable purpura — legs & buttocks. 2.🦵 Arthralgia — knees & ankles. 3. 🤕 Abdominal pain ± GI bleeding. 4. Renal involvement — hematuria & proteinuria.

⭐ Child + palpable purpura + abdominal pain → Think IgA Vasculitis!.

#References: 1. HSP rash – DermNet 2. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21086-vasculitis-in-children?hl=en-US #Dermatology

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※ Henoch–Schönlein Purpura (HSP) | IgA Vasculitis.

⭐ Child + palpable purpura + abdominal pain → Think IgA Vasculitis!.

#References: 1. HSP rash – DermNet 2. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21086-vasculitis-in-children?hl=en-US #Dermatology

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• Aspirin (Salicylate) poisoning: No specific antidote → Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO₃ (urinary alkalinization)✅. #Toxicology

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• ❌ Amphetamine is NOT a narcotic in the pharmacological sense. →Amphetamine = CNS stimulant ✅; that ↑es dopamine and norepinephrine → Causes alertness, euphoria, tachycardia, hypertension, and mydriasis. • Narcotics (classically opioids) = CNS depressants that relieve pain, miosis, e.g., morphine and heroin. #Toxicology

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• ❌ Phenol poisoning is not classically associated with pinpoint pupils (miosis). #Toxicology

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💊 BAL (Dimercaprol) is contraindicated in iron poisoning! Why? It may form a toxic complex with iron, ↑es the risk of nephrotoxicity. ✅ Antidote of choice in severe acute iron poisoning: Deferoxamine. #Toxicology

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Q. Why can a patient with severe sepsis die even when blood pressure is initially normal ?!. →The mechanism: In sepsis, inflammatory mediators cause endothelial dysfunction, capillary leakage, and microcirculatory abnormalities. Tissue hypoperfusion may develop even before overt hypotension. ⚠️ The danger: Normal blood pressure does NOT guarantee adequate tissue perfusion. 🔥 IMPORTANT POINT: Shock is a state of inadequate tissue perfusion, not simply low blood pressure. Reference: Singer et al. The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016;315(8):801–810. #Critical_Care #pt_safety

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- إنَّ ما كتبه اللهُ في السَّماء، لا تستطيعُ كلُّ سيوف الأرضِ أن تمنعه!. #ألقِ_عصاك

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• Acute postoperative endophthalmitis → severe ocular pain + decreased vision + hypopyon until proven otherwise. #ophthalmology

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• Acute postoperative endophthalmitis → severe ocular pain + decreased vision + hypopyon until proven otherwise. #ophthalmology

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Name: Castroviejo Caliper "Squint Caliper". Use: Measuring corneal diameter (white-to-white) and measuring recession/resection distances in squint surgery. #ophthalmology

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• Acute postoperative endophthalmitis → severe ocular pain + decreased vision + hypopyon until proven otherwise.

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- وإن الحوائج لتُقضى بكثرة الصلاة على النبي ← صَلِّ اللَّه عليهِ وآله وَسَلِّمْ.🤍

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• "Curtain coming down" = retinal detachment until proven otherwise. #ophthalmology

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• Sudden flashes + floaters = retinal tear until excluded. #ophthalmology

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• Severe boring pain = scleritis until proven otherwise. #ophthalmology

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⇨ Ophthalmology Pearls🖇..

CORNEA - Dendrite → HSV "Herpes Simplex Virus". - Feathery → fungus. - Ring infiltrate + contact lens → Acanthamoeba. - Rapid ulcer + contact lens → Pseudomonas. - Keratoconus → thinning + cone + cross-linking.

SCLERA - Severe boring pain → Scleritis. - Scleritis → autoimmune association. - Mild superficial redness → Episcleritis.

UVEA - Pain + photophobia + miosis + cells/flare → anterior uveitis. - Anterior uveitis → steroid + cycloplegic. - HLA-B27 "Human Leukocyte Antigen B27" → recurrent anterior uveitis. - Snowballs → intermediate uveitis.

VITREOUS - Flashes + floaters → exclude retinal tear. - Vitreous hemorrhage → PDR "Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy" is a major cause.

RETINA - 4-2-1 → severe NPDR "Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy". - Neovascularization → PDR "Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy". - Cherry-red spot → CRAO. "Central Retinal Artery Occlusion". - Blood & thunder → CRVO "Central Retinal Vein Occlusion". - Curtain → retinal detachment. - Drusen → dry AMD "Age-Related Macular Degeneration". - CNV "Choroidal Neovascularization" → wet AMD "Age-Related Macular Degeneration" → anti-VEGF "Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor". - Bone spicules + night blindness → retinitis pigmentosa. - Leukocoria in child → retinoblastoma.

#ophthalmology

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