Free Waec/Neco Gce Answers

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*NECO PRACTICAL AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY* *NUMBER EIGHT* (8a) A Geographic Information System (GIS) application is the use of computer hardware, software, and geographical data to collect, store, analyze, manage, and display information about places and features on the Earth's surface for planning, decision-making, and problem-solving. (8b) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) High Cost of Equipment and Software: The acquisition and maintenance of GIS hardware, software, and related equipment require huge financial investment. Many organizations and government agencies cannot afford these costs, limiting the widespread use of GIS. (ii) Inadequate Funding: Government institutions and private organizations often allocate insufficient funds for GIS projects. As a result, many GIS programmes cannot be properly implemented or sustained. (iii) Shortage of Skilled Personnel: There are not enough trained GIS specialists, surveyors, and data analysts in Nigeria. The lack of qualified professionals affects the effective operation and maintenance of GIS systems. (iv) Poor Power Supply: Frequent electricity outages and unstable power supply disrupt GIS operations, damage equipment, and reduce productivity in organizations that rely on GIS technology. (v) Inadequate Geographical Data: Accurate and up-to-date spatial data are often unavailable in many parts of Nigeria. Poor data quality reduces the reliability and accuracy of GIS analysis and decision-making. (vi) Poor Internet and Communication Facilities: Many GIS applications require reliable internet services for data sharing, remote sensing, and online mapping. Poor network coverage and slow internet services hinder efficient GIS operations. (vii) Lack of Public Awareness: Many government agencies, institutions, and individuals are not fully aware of the importance and benefits of GIS. This limits its acceptance and application in planning and development. (viii) Poor Maintenance Culture: GIS equipment and computer systems require regular maintenance and updates. In Nigeria, poor maintenance practices often lead to equipment failure and interruption of GIS services. (ix) Rapid Technological Changes: GIS technology continues to evolve rapidly, requiring constant software updates, equipment upgrades, and staff retraining. Many organizations find it difficult to keep up with these technological advancements. (x) Poor Government Policies and Institutional Support: Weak government policies, inadequate implementation of mapping programmes, and limited institutional support have slowed the development and effective application of GIS in Nigeria.

*NECO PRACTICAL AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY* *NUMBER SEVEN* (7a) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Agricultural expansion. (ii) Logging for timber. (iii) Fuelwood and charcoal production. (iv) Bush burning. (v) Urbanization and settlement expansion. (vi) Road and railway construction. (vii) Mining and quarrying activities. (viii) Industrial development. (ix) Overgrazing by livestock. (x) Population growth and increasing demand for land. (7b) (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Loss of Biodiversity: Deforestation destroys the natural habitats of many plants, animals, birds, and other wildlife. As forests are cleared, many species are forced to migrate while others become endangered or extinct. This reduces biodiversity and disrupts the ecological balance of the environment. (ii) Soil Erosion: Trees help bind the soil together with their roots and protect it from the direct impact of rainfall. When forests are removed, the soil becomes exposed to wind and water erosion. The fertile topsoil is washed away, reducing soil fertility and lowering agricultural productivity. (iii) Climate Change and Global Warming: Trees absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis and release oxygen into the atmosphere. When forests are cut down, less carbon dioxide is absorbed, causing greenhouse gases to accumulate in the atmosphere. This contributes to global warming, climate change, and rising temperatures. (iv) Desertification: Continuous deforestation exposes the land to intense sunlight, strong winds, and excessive evaporation. Over time, fertile land loses its moisture and vegetation, gradually becoming dry and barren. This process leads to the expansion of deserts, especially in semi-arid regions. (v) Flooding: Forests reduce the speed of surface runoff by allowing rainwater to infiltrate the soil. When trees are removed, rainwater flows rapidly over the land, increasing the chances of flooding. Floods destroy farmlands, roads, bridges, houses, and may also result in loss of lives. (vi) Reduction in Rainfall: Trees release water vapour into the atmosphere through transpiration, which contributes to cloud formation and rainfall. Deforestation reduces this process, leading to decreased rainfall, prolonged dry seasons, drought, and shortages of water for domestic and agricultural use. (vii) Loss of Forest Resources: Deforestation reduces the availability of valuable forest products such as timber, fuelwood, medicinal plants, fruits, fibres, and other raw materials. This affects industries that depend on forest resources and reduces the income earned from forestry activities. (viii) Disruption of Human Livelihoods: Many people depend on forests for farming, hunting, fishing, tourism, and the collection of forest products. Deforestation destroys these means of livelihood, increases unemployment and poverty, forces people to migrate, and lowers their overall standard of living.

*NECO PRACTICAL AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY* *NUMBER SIX* (6ai) Cloud cover is the amount or proportion of the sky covered by clouds at a particular place and time. It is an important element of weather because it influences the amount of sunshine reaching the Earth's surface, affects temperature, and determines the likelihood of rainfall. Thick cloud cover usually results in cooler daytime temperatures and may lead to precipitation, while little or no cloud cover allows more sunshine and warmer conditions. (6aii) Sunshine is the amount or duration of direct sunlight received at a particular place over a given period. It is measured using an instrument called the sunshine recorder. Sunshine provides heat and light, influences temperature, supports plant growth through photosynthesis, and affects evaporation, weather conditions, and human activities. (6aiii) Atmospheric pressure is the force or weight exerted by the air pressing down on the Earth's surface. It is measured with a barometer and is usually expressed in millibars or hectopascals. Differences in atmospheric pressure cause winds to blow from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure and greatly influence weather conditions such as rainfall, storms, and clear skies. (6b) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Agricultural Planning: Precipitation records help farmers determine the appropriate time for planting, weeding, and harvesting crops. They also enable farmers to select suitable crop varieties based on the amount and distribution of rainfall in an area. (ii) Irrigation Development: Rainfall records assist in planning irrigation schemes by indicating when and where additional water is needed. This helps ensure a steady supply of water for crops during dry periods. (iii) Flood Prediction and Control: Information from precipitation records helps meteorologists and government agencies predict heavy rainfall that may lead to flooding. This allows communities to take preventive measures and reduce the loss of lives and property. (iv) Construction of Dams and Reservoirs: Engineers use precipitation records to determine the amount of water available for constructing dams, reservoirs, and other water storage facilities needed for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes. (v) Hydroelectric Power Generation: Rainfall records help in estimating the amount of water that will be available in rivers and reservoirs for generating hydroelectric power. This ensures proper planning and management of electricity supply. (vi) Weather Forecasting: Meteorologists use precipitation records to study rainfall patterns and make accurate weather forecasts. These forecasts help farmers, pilots, sailors, and the general public prepare for future weather conditions. (vii) Water Resource Management: Rainfall records provide valuable information for managing water resources effectively. They help in planning the supply of water for homes, industries, agriculture, and other human activities throughout the year. (viii) Engineering and Construction Projects: Engineers rely on precipitation records when designing roads, bridges, drainage systems, buildings, and other infrastructure. This helps ensure that such structures can withstand heavy rainfall and reduce the risk of damage. (ix) Drought Monitoring and Prevention: Long-term precipitation records help governments identify areas that are prone to drought. This enables them to plan water conservation measures, provide relief materials, and reduce the effects of water shortages. (x) Climate and Environmental Research: Scientists use precipitation records to study climate change, weather patterns, and environmental conditions over time. This information is important for environmental conservation, disaster management, and sustainable national development.

*NECO PRACTICAL AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY* *NUMBER FOUR* (4a) A fault is a fracture or crack in the Earth's crust along which rocks have been displaced or moved due to tectonic forces. (4b) [Diagram] https://imgur.com/a/cA5v0cd (4c) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Plains provide fertile land for large-scale agriculture. (ii) They support the growth of settlements and cities. (iii) They make the construction of roads and railways easier. (iv) They encourage industrial development due to level land. (v) They provide grazing land for livestock. (vi) They support irrigation farming because rivers flow across them. (vii) They facilitate trade and commerce through easy transportation. (viii) They provide suitable sites for airports and other infrastructure. (ix) They create employment opportunities in farming, industry, and commerce. (x) They promote population concentration because they offer favourable living conditions.

*NECO PRACTICAL AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY* *NUMBER THREE* (3a) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) They are elevated areas of land above the surrounding region. (ii) They have broad, flat or gently undulating surfaces. (iii) They usually rise steeply from the surrounding lowlands. (iv) They are often bounded by escarpments or cliffs. (v) They cover large areas of land. (vi) They may be dissected by rivers and valleys. (vii) They are formed by volcanic activity, uplift, or erosion. (viii) They have relatively cool temperatures due to high altitude. (ix) They are sources of many rivers and streams. (x) They contain different types of mineral deposits. (3b) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Agriculture: Plateaus provide large areas of fertile and well-drained land suitable for the cultivation of crops such as maize, potatoes, wheat, vegetables, and fruits. The grasslands on many plateaus also support livestock rearing, making them important agricultural regions. (ii) Mineral Resources: Plateaus contain valuable mineral deposits such as tin, coal, iron ore, gold, limestone, and bauxite. These minerals are mined for industrial purposes, provide raw materials for manufacturing, create employment opportunities, and generate revenue for the government. (iii) Hydroelectric Power Generation: Rivers that originate from plateaus often flow down steep slopes, rapids, and waterfalls, making them ideal sites for the construction of dams that generate hydroelectric power for homes, industries, and commercial activities. (iv) Tourism and Recreation: Plateaus possess attractive natural features such as waterfalls, caves, rocky landscapes, valleys, and cool climates, which attract tourists, promote recreational activities, earn foreign exchange, and create employment. (v) Human Settlement: The broad, flat surfaces and cool climate of plateaus make them suitable for the establishment of towns, villages, and cities. They are also less prone to flooding, making them favourable for permanent settlement. (vi) Transportation: The relatively level surface of many plateaus makes the construction of roads, railways, and airports easier and more economical than in rugged mountainous regions, thereby improving transportation and communication. (vii) Source of Rivers: Many important rivers originate from plateau regions. These rivers provide water for domestic use, irrigation, fishing, industrial activities, transportation, and hydroelectric power generation. (viii) Forestry: Some plateaus support dense forests that supply timber, fuelwood, medicinal plants, paper-making materials, and other forest products, contributing to economic development and environmental conservation. (ix) Employment Opportunities: Economic activities such as agriculture, mining, forestry, tourism, transportation, and power generation on plateaus provide employment opportunities, increase people's income, and improve their standard of living. (x) Industrial Development: The availability of minerals, water resources, hydroelectric power, and good transport networks on plateaus encourages the establishment of industries, leading to increased production, economic growth, and national development.

*NECO GEOGRAPHY* NUMBER 6 6. (a) i. Lagos–Ota–Ibadan Axis (South-West Zone): Located in the southwestern region, stretching from Lagos State through Ota (Ogun State) to Ibadan (Oyo State). ii. Port Harcourt–Aba Axis (South-East/South-South Zone): Located in the southeastern/Niger Delta region, covering Port Harcourt (Rivers State) and Aba (Abia State). iii. Kano–Kaduna Axis (Northern Zone): Located in the north-central and northwestern region, covering major industrial hubs in Kaduna and Kano States. 6. (b) [PICK ANY THREE] i. Diversification of the Economy: Manufacturing reduces the country's over-reliance on crude oil exports by creating alternative sources of national wealth (e.g., the expansion of cement manufacturing by Dangote and BUA). ii. Job Creation: It provides massive employment opportunities for both skilled and unskilled labour, which helps lower national unemployment rates (e.g., jobs in food and beverage packaging plants like Nestlé or Nigerian Breweries). iii. Import Substitution: Producing goods locally saves scarce foreign exchange by reducing the need to import items from abroad (e.g., local assembly of automobiles by Innoson Vehicle Manufacturing). iv. Value Addition to Raw Materials: Manufacturing processes raw agricultural and mineral resources into high-value products, increasing their market value (e.g., refining crude palm oil into vegetable cooking oils). 6. (c) [PICK ANY FOUR] i. Persistent and unstable electric power supply. ii. High cost of imported spare parts and machinery. iii. Inadequate transport infrastructure (poor road networks and inefficient railways). iv. High interest rates on loans, limiting expansion. v. Intense competition from cheaper, smuggled foreign goods.

(4b) (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Dehorning with a dehorning saw. (ii) Dehorning with a dehorning knife. (iii) Dehorning with a hot iron (disbudding). (iv) Using a scoop dehorner. (v) Using a Barnes dehorner (dehorning clipper). (vi) Applying caustic dehorning paste to young horn buds. (vii) Using a wire saw. (4c) (PICK ANY THREE) (i) To prevent injury to other animals. (ii) To prevent injury to the farmer or handler. (iii) To make handling and transportation easier. (iv) To reduce fighting among animals. (v) To save space in housing. (vi) To prevent damage to farm equipment and facilities. (vii) To minimize bruises and damage to carcasses or hides. (4d) J: (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Supplies calcium for strong bones and teeth. (ii) Improves eggshell formation in laying birds. (iii) Prevents calcium deficiency. (iv) Enhances bone development in young animals. (v) Supports muscle and nerve functions. (vi) Improves growth and productivity. K: (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Provides fibre (roughage) for proper digestion. (ii) Promotes normal bowel movement and rumination in ruminants. (iii) Prevents constipation. (iv) Improves rumen function. (v) Serves as a source of bulk in livestock feed. (vi) Helps maintain digestive health. (4e) J: (PICK ANY ONE) (i) Rickets. (ii) Osteomalacia. (iii) Osteoporosis. (iv) Eggshell thinning/soft-shelled eggs. (v) Milk fever K: (PICK ANY ONE) (i) Bloat. (ii) Constipation. (iii) Indigestion. (iv) Acidosis. (v) Ruminal impaction. =================================================== *COMPLETED*

*NECO AGRIC SCIENCE PRACTICAL* =================================================== *INSTRUCTIONS* : ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS =================================================== (1a) A: Wheelbarrow B: Garden fork C: Shears (1b) (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Has one wheel at the front. (ii) Has two handles for pushing. (iii) Has a large metal tray (bucket) for carrying loads. (iv) Has two supporting legs. (v) Has a strong metal frame. (vi) The tray is deep and concave. (vii) Has rubber grips on the handles. (1c) (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Turning and loosening the soil. (ii) Lifting and mixing manure or compost. (iii) Uprooting root crops. (iv) Breaking soil clods. (v) Incorporating organic manure into the soil. (vi) Aerating the soil. (1d) (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Clean and dry it after use. (ii) Oil the metal parts and store it in a dry place. Extra: (iii) Sharpen the prongs when blunt. (iv) Tighten loose handle or fittings. (v) Paint the metal parts to prevent rust. (vi) Replace broken handles promptly. (1e) (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Trimming hedges and live fences. (ii) Pruning branches and shoots of plants. (iii) Shaping ornamental plants. (iv) Harvesting flowers. (v) Cutting grasses and small shrubs. (vi) Removing dead or diseased branches. (1f) A: Head pan B: Hoe C: Cutlass =================================================== (2a) D: Inorganic fertilizer E: Organic fertilizer (2b) (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Scorches or burns crop leaves and roots. (ii) Causes excessive vegetative growth with poor yield. (iii) Increases soil acidity. (iv) Causes lodging of crops. (v) Delays flowering and fruiting. (vi) Leads to nutrient imbalance in the soil. (vii) Pollutes nearby water bodies through leaching and runoff. (2c) (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Yellowing (chlorosis) of older leaves. (ii) Stunted or poor plant growth. (iii) Reduced tillering in cereal crops. (iv) Weak and slender stems. (v) Premature leaf fall. (vi) Low crop yield. (2d) (PICK ANY ONE) (i) Promotes the growth of plankton which serves as fish food. (ii) Increases the productivity of the pond. (iii) Enhances fish growth rate. (iv) Improves the nutrient content of pond water. (v) Encourages the growth of microscopic aquatic organisms. (2e) (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Adds organic matter (humus) to the soil. (ii) Improves soil structure and water-holding capacity. (iii) Releases nutrients slowly over a longer period. (iv) Improves soil aeration. (v) Encourages beneficial soil microorganisms. (vi) Reduces the risk of fertilizer burn. (vii) Is environmentally friendly and less polluting (2f) (i) Use well-decomposed cow dung. (ii) Apply the correct quantity and incorporate it into the soil. (2g) (i) Compost manure. (ii) Poultry droppings. =================================================== (3a) F: Dioscorea rotundata G: Arachis hypogaea (3b) (i) Weeding. (ii) Staking. (iii) Mulching. (3c) (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Production of vegetable (groundnut) oil. (ii) Manufacture of margarine. (iii) Production of soap. (iv) Production of peanut butter. (v) Manufacture of livestock feed (groundnut cake). (vi) Production of cosmetics. (vii) Used in the confectionery and snack industry. (3d) (PICK ANY ONE) (i) Gnaws and eats seeds, fruits and tubers. (ii) Damages stems by gnawing them. (iii) Destroys stored grains and other farm produce. (iv) Contaminates crops with urine and droppings. (v) Digs burrows that damage plant roots. (3e) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Use of traps. (ii) Apply rodenticides (rat poison). (iii) Keep the farm and store clean. (iv) Encourage natural predators such as cats. (v) Destroy rat burrows and hiding places. (vi) Store produce in rat-proof containers or stores. (vii) Clear bushes and weeds around the farm. (viii) Seal holes and openings in storage facilities. (3f) F: Yam mosaic disease. G: Groundnut rosette disease. =================================================== (4a) I: Animal horn J: Oyster shell K: Maize cob

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*ORAL ENGLISH (NIGER STATE)* 1. D - Zoom 2. E - Herb 3. C - Fuel 4. A - Beat 5. D - Fear 6. C - Wine 7. C - Heal 8. C - Passage 9. A - Spark 10. E - Late 11. E - Relief 12. B - Knowledge 13. A - Would 14. C - Powder 15. C - Phone 16. D - Cease 17. E - Computer 18. A - Dub 19. A - Labour 20. D - Accelerate 21. C - Become 22. E - Fish 23. A - Gadget 24. C - Bowel 25. C - Seizure 26. A - Work 27. C - Wish 28. D - Standard 29. A - Vehicle 30. B - Murder 31. D - Deed 32. E - Wrote 33. E - Mumble 34. D - Node 35. E - Course 36. E - in-hu-MAN-i-ty 37. B - u-ni-VER-si-ty 38. B - math-e-MAT-i-cal 39. E - as-sim-i-LA-tion 40. B - ter-mi-NOL-o-gy 41. E - Promote 42. A - Suspend 43. B - Today 44. E - Seldom 45. B - Desperate 46. B - Was Ghana the largest producer of cocoa in West Africa? 47. E - Does my father hate nagging? 48. D - Are we all good singers in the studio? 49. D - Did he buy his wife a diamond necklace? 50. C - Has the labour union called off the protest?

Oyo state ORAL OBJ 1. E. pervade 2. B. bare 3. B. apple 4. D. bird 5. D. bread 6. B. full 7. E. park 8. B. spark 9. E. weigh 10. E. cut 11. E. beer 12. B. bank 13. D. herb 14. D. ground 15. A. pass 16. C. guava 17. E. photo 18. D. telegram 19. C. pause 20. B. leg 21. B. vehicle 22. A. honour 23. D. them 24. D. argue 25. B. north 26. B. slice 27. B. drawer 28. A. ocean 29. E. lamp 30. E. jaw 31. A. button 32. D. roast 33. B. clash 34. C. curse 35. A. rotate 36. B. ter-mi-NOL-o-gy 37. C. in-ter-PRE-ta-tive 38. B. u-NI-ver-si-ty 39. D. in-hu-man-I-ty 40. B. trans-CONT-i-nen-tal 41. C. today 42. E. suspend 43. E. seldom 44. C. interpret 45. B. promote 46. B. Was Ghana the largest producer of cocoa in West Africa? 47. A. Did the P.T.A. chairman give full scholarship to ten students? 48. E. Did the Yellow House win the maiden inter-house sports tournament? 49. A. Would my parents be pleased with my impressive performance? 50. D. Had the labour union called off the strike? 51. C. gade 52. C. sugar 53. C. whose 54. A. boy 55. C. enough 56. E. hedge 57. B. here 58. D. raise 59. B. pot 60. D. vehement

TEST OF OEAL CROSS RIVER STATE 1. C 2. E 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. E 8. C 9. B 10. E 11. C 12. E 13. B 14. E 15. E 16. E 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. E 21. D 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. A 30. A 31. D 32. C 33. D 34. C 35. C 36. A 37. E 38. C 39. E 40. B 41. C 42. C 43. A 44. C 45. D 46. E 47. A 48. B 49. B 50. D 51. B 52. A 53. D 54. C 55. B 56. E 57. D 58. D 59. E 60. D

*BAYELSA ENGLISH OBJ* 1. A — released 2. B — deposed 3. A — success 4. D — simple 5. C — rare 6. E — optimists 7. D — smiled 8. D — uncomplicated 9. D — innocent 10. E — cautiousness 11. C — indulgence 12. A — constituents 13. C — collateral 14. B — fatty 15. A — investigation 16. B — adverts 17. A — museum 18. D — premium 19. E — protested 20. B — dinner 21. C — stood very firm 22. E — came in at the same time 23. B — having a lot of difficulty 24. E — would not take his advice 25. E — are always together 26. C — always tells lies 27. A — extremely busy 28. D — tensed up 29. A — disliked each other 30. B — tried to control her emotions 31. D — consciously 32. E — inexplicable 33. C — redesigned 34. B — maintained 35. B — irregular 36. A — solemnisation 37. B — comparatively 38. A — resplendent 39. B — eminent 40. B — cast 41. A — one 42. D — each other 43. B — lay 44. D — drunkenness 45. D — deeply 46. C — status quo 47. A — is being 48. C — themselves 49. C — had arrived 50. D — are being 51. A — your's 52. B — into 53. A — than 54. B — went to Enugu the week before 55. B — we 56. B — would stage 57. B — hierarchy 58. B — they saw Amanda the week before 59. B — No, he did. 60. D — speak 61. E — rule 62. C — anti- 63. C — sing 64. E — but 65. B — over 66. E — much 67. E — by 68. B — best 69. A — leaving 70. A — is 71. C — game 72. A — team 73. B — match 74. B — teams 75. D — players 76. E — goalkeeper 77. E — referee 78. E — substitution 79. A — play 80. D — break