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پستهای کانال
Article by Prof C Raja Mohan on emergence of “Third Republic” in Iran:
Iran is entering its "Third Republic" phase following the assassination of Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. This transition is being forged under intense geopolitical stress—specifically, the collapse of ceasefires and active military hostilities with the US and Israel.
Future stability of this new Iranian era depend entirely on how Tehran answers "the American question" whether to persist with perpetual confrontation or negotiate a durable accommodation.
The Indian foreign policy establishment must closely track Iran’s domestic restructuring, as it directly reshapes the geopolitics of the Middle East.
Article link
https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/c-raja-mohan-writes-iran-after-khamenei-america-question-10785899/
| 2 |  Article on India's Act East Policy in context of recent visit by PM and changes in USA's Policy towards Indo Pacific
Article link 🔗
https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/narendra-modi-india-act-east-policy-10785050/ | 865 |
| 3 | Detailed Article on NATO:
NATO has been the has been the cornerstone of Western security architecture , founded in 1949 as a bulwark against Soviet expansion
But alliance outlived its original purpose by morphing into a vehicle for American power projection not just in Europe but across the globe.
In Post Cold War era challenges to NATO have come from within and without:
➡️External threat has been Russia, which sought to check its continued eastward expansion by invading Ukraine (now in its fifth year, underscores the enduring realist necessity of NATO)
➡️The Trump Doctrine & Transactional Realism: The U.S. administration views the alliance through a transactional framework, questioning NATO's utility and framing it as a vehicle where European allies free-ride on American power while paying a fraction of the costs.
US President called NATO a “paper tiger” without the U.S.
➡️Asymmetric Commitments: Frictions have intensified over burden-sharing, with the U.S. pushing European members to target up to 5% of their GDP on defence
➡️Divergent Threat Perceptions: Internal fragmentation is exacerbated by distinct bilateral interests, such as U.S. frustrations over European nations refusing to grant airspace/base access for anti-Iran operations.
➡️Sovereignty Threat by USA : U.S. obsession with annexing Greenland from Denmark .
A fundamental ideological divergence exists regarding NATO's core identity:
➡️European Perspective: View NATO through a lens of defensive realism a region-specific, trans-Atlantic defensive force.
➡️U.S. Perspective: View NATO through a lens of offensive realism/global hegemony an extension of U.S. military capabilities.
To manage the current U.S. administration, European allies are employing a balancing act:
➡️At summits (such as the recent one in Ankara): placating the U.S. by committing to massive defence procurements ($50 billion) in exchange for a reaffirmed "ironclad commitment" to Article 5.
➡️A "Stronger Europe Within a Stronger NATO": European states are scaling up domestic military hardware investments and expanding their defense industrial bases.
➡️Long-Term Hedging & Strategic Ambiguity: The ultimate long-term objective for Europe is to transition away from relying on the U.S. as the sole pillar of NATO .
Europe aims to achieve credible deterrence against Russia even in a scenario of American strategic ambiguity, thereby safeguarding its own sovereign political interests against external coercion.
Article link 🔗
https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/nato-towards-a-more-european-alliance/article71211462.ece/amp/ | 1 101 |
| 4 |  بدون متن... | 808 |
| 5 |  Article by Economist Surjit Bhalla on Importance of India-USA FTA:
➡️While India celebrates FTAs with the EU, UK, and Japan, its trade relationship with the US dwarfs them combined.
➡️India's annual goods trade surplus with the US averaged approximately $42 billion, nearly four times the combined surplus with the EU, UK, and Japan ($12 billion).
➡️The India-US goods relationship has strengthened every decade without a formal trade agreement, rising from a $7 billion surplus in the 2000s to $22 billion in the 2010s, and $42 billion now.
➡️The massive US surplus is driven by India’s genuine edge in pharma generics (supplying ~40% of US generic drugs), electronics assembly (e.g., iPhones), and skilled labor-intensive goods.
A comprehensive India-US agreement covering near-zero tariffs on goods alongside professional mobility for IT would be the most consequential deal in India's history.
Article link
https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-wrong-trade-deals-trump-takaichi-10779069/ | 1 091 |
| 6 | Article by Rajeev Agarwal on Revolution 2.0 in IRAN:
➡️The war has shattered the long-held myth of a U.S. security umbrella in the Gulf region.
➡️Defying Western expectations of state collapse under sustained military pressure, the Iranian regime has emerged stronger, more unified, and with the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) in full control.
➡️While the 1979 Revolution established a "Religion First" ideological identity, the recent war has elevated national pride, defiance, and resilience as the primary drivers of domestic cohesion.
➡️The regime has successfully suppressed domestic friction (including the December 2025 protests driven by hyperinflation and currency devaluation) and put to rest doubts over leadership succession.
➡️Recent MOU signed by Iran is a win win situation - nuclear talks and ballistic missile programme is out of the table and provides regime economic lifeline through the lifting of sanctions, sale of crude oil and natural gas, and the defreezing of overseas assets
➡️The war exposed India’s definite and noticeable tilt toward the Israel-U.S.-UAE bloc, a policy shift that analysts found difficult to defend.
➡️Going forward, India faces a critical strategic choice on how to calibrate its vital ties with a resurgent Iran against its partnerships in a deeply divided Gulf region.
Article link 🔗
https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/revolution-to-resurgence-irans-strategic-moment/article71199110.ece | 983 |
| 7 |  بدون متن... | 887 |
| 8 | “G Minus 2” Strategy for Indo Pacific by Prof C RAJA MOHAN:
The "G Minus 2" strategy represents a collective effort by resident Indo-Pacific powers to expand their geopolitical room for maneuver and widen their strategic horizons by deepening cooperation among themselves.
Key pillars:
➡️The strategy is born out of structural anxiety among regional powers regarding a potential US-China condominium (a G2 world)
➡️It is not an alternative to the US alliance system, nor does it mean distancing from Washington
➡️It is not a rigid, containment-oriented anti-China alliance, nor is it a separate third bloc; it recognizes that complete commercial decoupling from China is unrealistic due to deep economic interdependence.
The primary objective is to de-risk against Beijing’s potential weaponization of economic interdependence by building alternative, resilient supply chains in critical minerals, semiconductors, advanced tech, and maritime security.
The ultimate efficacy of India's "G Minus 2" approach depends on its domestic economic competitiveness and defence industrial modernization.
Article link 🔗
https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/c-raja-mohan-writes-us-china-india-indonesia-indo-pacific-10775667/ | 1 372 |
| 9 |  بدون متن... | 1 220 |
| 10 | Article by Samir Saran on PM Modi’s visit to Indonesia and Oceania Countries:
Acc to Samir Saran India is creating an “Arc of trust” to hold Indo-Pacific together which extends eastward through Indonesia, Australia, and New Zealand, and westward through the United Arab Emirates and the Gulf down to the eastern seaboard of Africa.
India-Indonesia:
- Acts as the archetypal Indo-Pacific power.
-Together with India, they command vital maritime chokepoints
-Function as natural net security providers without external alignment.
India-Australia:
-Anchored by the Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement (ECTA)
-Transitioning trade into a foundation for deep strategic trust.
-Beyond trade, the focus shifts to deeper integration in critical sectors—nuclear energy, resource processing
-Defence co-production—to enhance regional resilience
India-NZ:
-Serves as a vital node for advanced manufacturing, space, deep tech and food security
-With Aus acts as Indirect bridge to the Five Eyes security-intelligence ecosystem
Collaboration between India and the ANZAC nations (Australia & New Zealand) creates a delivery mechanism for infrastructure and digital capital.
Article link 🔗
https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/pm-modi-new-arc-of-trust-indo-pacific-indonesia-australia-10774046/ | 1 378 |
| 11 |  بدون متن... | 1 121 |
| 12 |  PM Modi’s visit to Indonesia and Oceania countries Aus & NZ:
➡️Nickel Diplomacy with Indonesia → Indonesia has highest reserves of Ni and China has already estd it’s place in value chain.
➡️Beyond nickel, Indonesia possesses vital reserves of cobalt, bauxite, tin, and rare earths.
➡️Act East Alignment: India's Act East Policy aligns directly with Indonesia's maritime ambitions. ( joint development of the Sabang port )
➡️Both nations share a core interest in preserving freedom of navigation, maintaining regional stability, and strengthening ASEAN centrality.
➡️BrahMos Diplomacy: Jakarta is making substantial progress toward acquiring India's BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles
➡️Shared Diplomatic Lineage: As Asia's two largest democracies, their foundational diplomatic ties trace back to the 1955 Bandung Conference.
Article link 🔗
https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/pm-narendra-modi-indonesia-visit-could-lay-foundations-of-nickel-diplomacy-10772966/ | 1 335 |
| 13 | CRUX-2026
Current Affairs program for UPSC CSE-2026 is up for subscription.
[DEMO] Handouts are here
NITI Summary
PRAHAAR Doctrine
US CHINA Reset
Get all handouts.
@Shunyashashvata | 1 269 |
| 14 | [DEMO] Handout from CRUX-2026 | 1 422 |
| 15 | Prof C Raja Mohan on India-US Ties:
Triggers in India-US Relations:
1.A stream of threats and insults from U.S. President Donald Trump.
2.False claim that he brokered an India-Pakistan cease-fire last year
3.The U.S. war against Iran, including Washington’s reluctance to show any contrition for the killing of Indian sailors in the Gulf of Oman
4.U.S. support for Pakistan’s role as a peacemaker in the Middle East;
5.The quiet abandonment of the Indo-Pacific nomenclature; and
6.Talk of a “G-2” condominium between the United States and China.
The emotionalism in Indian politics obscures the strategic logic of U.S.-India ties.
Even as India’s irritation with Trump has grown, it has gone out of its way to deepen engagement with the U.S. government and policies:
1.India and the United States signed a 10-year defense framework agreement, the most ambitious yet in a series of defense agreements.
2.India has joined Washington’s technology initiatives, including Pax Silica—the U.S.-led coalition intended to secure semiconductor supply chains and critical minerals.
3.Signed the India-U.S. AI Opportunity Partnership in February.
4.Maritime coordination in the Indian Ocean continues to deepen.
5.Trade disputes have become more visible, but bilateral commerce has continued to expand. Talks on an interim trade deal are ongoing.
6.U.S. companies remain among the largest investors in India’s digital economy and advanced manufacturing.
7.Indian firms continue to deepen their presence in the American market.
8.Some 5 million Americans of Indian origin now connect the two societies through business, universities, scientific research, and increasingly through politics
The relationship rests on a far broader social foundation than at any previous point in its history.
Impact of US-China Reset:
Neither a G-2 between Washington and Beijing nor a reset between New Delhi and Beijing can eliminate the structural interests that draw India and the United States together.
Logic of India-U.S. strategic cooperation is likely to outlast periodic fluctuations in either country’s policy toward China.
India-US partnership has acquired sufficient institutional depth, economic interdependence, technological cooperation, and societal connectivity to absorb repeated shocks.
Article link
https://foreignpolicy.com/2026/07/01/india-trump-modi-united-states-china-geopolitics-brics-quad/ | 1 982 |
| 16 | Article by Prof C Raja Mohan on Indo-Pacific in context of recent renaming of US Indo Pacific command to Pacific Command:
➡️Visit of Japanese PM to India and PM Modi’s upcoming visit to south east asian countries and Australia,NZ highlights one important fact — the Indo-Pacific as a geopolitical construct will live on.
➡️Emergence of Indo Pacific Construct in early 2000s - driven by China’s rise
➡️Modern political articulation came from Late Shinzo Abe during his address to Indian parliament he talked about “Confluence of Two Seas”.
➡️Emergence of QUAD
➡️Recent Japan’s updated “free and open Indo pacific strategy” - increase in defence budget , strengthening ties and new security networks with Australia, South Korea, the Philippines and India.
➡️Strongest validation of the Indo-Pacific idea comes from China itself, though Beijing dismisses the Indo-Pacific as an artificial construct but its own policies increasingly integrate the two oceans into a single strategic theatre.
➡️China’s continuous naval presence across the Indian Ocean and developed an expanding network of dual-use commercial facilities stretching from Southeast Asia to the east coast of Africa.
Acc to Prof C Raja Mohan “The Indo-Pacific ultimately rests not on American terminology but on Asian geography and Asian power politics and India should focus on building its own capabilities and deepening partnerships with like-minded countries to strengthen the regional balance of power”.
Article link
https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/c-raja-mohan-indo-pacific-is-here-to-stay-japan-takaichi-10764088/ | 1 651 |
| 17 |  بدون متن... | 1 221 |
| 18 | https://theprint.in/diplomacy/strategic-importance-of-bangladeshs-mongla-port-as-dhaka-hands-key-project-to-china-ending-india-deal/2972757/ | 1 461 |
| 19 | Article by Sashi Tharoor and Ed Mathew Structural Issues UN is facing and role of UN Sec Gen:
1.Dag Hammarskjöld, the UN 2nd Sec gen once said, “ UN was not created to take mankind to heaven, but to save humanity from hell”.
2.UN Security Council (UNSC) the institutional core of global collective security is structurally paralyzed by systemic polarization.
3.The UN suffers from a profound institutional lag → failing to mirror contemporary 21st-century geopolitical realities and demographic shifts.
4.There is a visible decay in the post-Cold War liberal international order - proxy wars , erosion of arms control and Nuclear risks have returned to strategic calculations.
5.Global South Disillusionment: The organization faces a severe crisis of legitimacy.
6.Climate change, pandemics, mass displacement, cyber insecurity and nuclear proliferation do not respect borders. As Kofi Annan observed, they are “problems without passports”.
Article link
https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/shashi-tharoor-un-secretary-general-impossible-job-multilateralism-crisis-10763059/ | 1 546 |
| 20 |  بدون متن... | 1 160 |
