UPSC & PCS NOTES

🇮🇳 BEST WISHES FOR UPSC PRELIMS 2026

"Be victorious! Your hard work deserves this moment, just give it your entire heart today."

Do your duty. All the best

Rare Earth Elements

UPSC Annual Calendar 2027

PARLIAMENTARY MOTIONS

🔴 𝗔𝗻𝗮𝗶𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗮𝗹𝗮𝗺 𝗖𝗼𝗽𝗽𝗲𝗿 𝗣𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗲 ◍ 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐝: 11th century CE ◍ 𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐫𝐮𝐥𝐞𝐫: Rajaraja Chola I (also linked in context with early Chola imperial expansion) ◍ 𝐋𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: Anaimangalam, Tamil Nadu ◍ 𝐋𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐮𝐚𝐠𝐞: Tamil and Sanskrit ◍ 𝐒𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐩𝐭: Tamil script and Grantha script 🔖 𝐒𝐢𝐠𝐧𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 🔸 𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒅 𝒂 𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒊𝒏𝒔𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏. 🔸𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒚 𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒂 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒎𝒂𝒅𝒆 𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑪𝒉𝒖𝒅𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒊 𝑽𝒊𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒂 (𝒂 𝑩𝒖𝒅𝒅𝒉𝒊𝒔𝒕 𝒎𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒚) 𝒂𝒕 𝑵𝒂𝒈𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒎. 🔸𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒚 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒊𝒏𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒂𝒃𝒐𝒖𝒕 𝑪𝒉𝒐𝒍𝒂 𝒂𝒅𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏, 𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒓𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒆 𝒔𝒚𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎, 𝒓𝒆𝒍𝒊𝒈𝒊𝒐𝒖𝒔 𝒕𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆𝒂𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔. 🔸𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒚 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑰𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒂–𝑺𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒕 𝑨𝒔𝒊𝒂 𝒓𝒆𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔, 𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒌𝒔 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑺𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒋𝒂𝒚𝒂 𝑬𝒎𝒑𝒊𝒓𝒆.

🔴 Strength of Supreme Court Timeline (excluding the CJI) 1950 ➙ 7 1956 ➙ 10 1960 ➙ 13 1977 ➙ 17 1986 ➙ 25 2009 ➙ 30 2019 ➙ 33 2026 ➙ 37

🔴 𝗥&𝗗 𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗻𝗱 𝗮𝘀 % 𝗼𝗳 𝗚𝗗𝗣. 🔸Israel - 6.0% 🔸S. Korea - 5.25% 🔸USA - 3.5% 🔸China - 2.6% 🔸𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐚 - 𝟎.𝟔𝟒%

📜 Prelims 2026 – History Anniversaries!!! 1️⃣ 🕉️ Arya Samaj – 150 years 2️⃣ 🚆 Kakori Train Action – 100 years 3️⃣ ✊ Self-Respect Movement – 100 years 4️⃣ 🚩 Vaikom Satyagraha – 100 years 5️⃣ 🇮🇳 Servants of India Society – 120 years 6️⃣ 📖 Tulsidas – 500th Birth Anniversary 7️⃣ 💰 Dadabhai Naoroji – 200th Birth Anniversary 8️⃣ 🗺️ Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel – 150th Birth Anniversary 9️⃣ 🌿 Birsa Munda – 150th Birth Anniversary 🔟 🎶 Vande Mataram – 150 years

🔴 𝗞𝗵𝗮𝗷𝘂𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗼 𝗚𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗽 𝗼𝗳 𝗠𝗼𝗻𝘂𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 📌 𝐋𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 📍 𝑪𝒉𝒉𝒂𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒑𝒖𝒓 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒕, 𝑴𝒂𝒅𝒉𝒚𝒂 𝑷𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒉 📌𝐁𝐮𝐢𝐥𝐝𝐞𝐫 🔸𝑩𝒖𝒊𝒍𝒕 𝒃𝒚 𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒍𝒂 𝑫𝒚𝒏𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒚 🔸𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒐𝒅: 𝒄. 950–1050 𝑪E 📌 𝐅𝐚𝐦𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐅𝐨𝐫: ✓𝑵𝒂𝒈𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒔𝒕𝒚𝒍𝒆 𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 ✓𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒔𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒑𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒔 ✓𝑬𝒓𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝒔𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒑𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒔 (𝒐𝒏𝒍𝒚 𝒂 𝒔𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒔) ✓ 𝑯𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒖, 𝑱𝒂𝒊𝒏, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒔𝒐𝒎𝒆 𝑺𝒉𝒂𝒊𝒗𝒂-𝑽𝒂𝒊𝒔𝒉𝒏𝒂𝒗𝒂 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒔 📌 𝐍𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐓𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐬: ✓ 𝑶𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚 ~85 𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒔 ✓ 𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒍𝒚 ~20–25 𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒏 🔖 𝗨𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗖𝗢 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗦𝗶𝘁𝗲 (𝟭𝟵𝟴𝟲) 📌 𝐈𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐓𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐬: 🔸𝑲𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒚𝒂 𝑴𝒂𝒉𝒂𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒂 𝑻𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 🔸𝑳𝒂𝒌𝒔𝒉𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒂 𝑻𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 🔸𝑽𝒊𝒔𝒉𝒗𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒉𝒂 𝑻𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 🔸𝑪𝒉𝒊𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒖𝒑𝒕𝒂 𝑻𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 🔸𝑷𝒂𝒓𝒔𝒗𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒉𝒂 𝑱𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝑻𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆

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