✨Study✨

نفس السؤال بالضبط موجود بالـ cestoda وجوابه H. Nana 🙆🏼‍♀️✨

امسيكيو عَن الـ Nematodes 💗👇🏻:

مُهمات ‼️ : KATO-KATZ TECHNIQUE 🔸 Used for stool helminth diagnosis 🔸 Especially Schistosoma mansoni 🔸 Gives eggs per gram (EPG) 🔸 Hookworm slides examined within 30–60 min 🔸 Not suitable for diarrheal stool —————————————⸻ HARADA–MORI TECHNIQUE 🔸 Used for hookworm larval culture 🔸 Uses filter paper in moist environment 🔸 Incubation 5–7 days 🔸 Helps differentiate hookworm from Strongyloides

STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS : ✨✨Has 2 life cycles✨✨ ✨Has free-living and parasitic cycles ✨ ✨Infective stage = Filariform ✨larva ✨Diagnostic stage = Rhabditiform larva in stool ✨ ✨Autoinfection occurs ✨ ✨Hyperinfection in immunocompromised patients✨ ✨Larvae—not eggs—found in stool✨ ✨Ground itch occurs✨ ✨Drug of choice = Ivermectin ✨ ✨Can cause sepsis from enteric bacteria✨ —————————————-⸻ ✨TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS✨ ✨Infection from undercooked pork/bear meat✨ ✨Infection from undercooked pork/bear meat✨ ✨Larvae encyst in striated muscle ✨ ✨ Nurse cell formation✨ ✨Periorbital edema characteristic ✨ ✨Subconjunctival hemorrhage diagnostic clue ✨ ✨Eosinophilia marked✨ ✨Muscle biopsy diagnostic✨ ✨Humans are dead-end hosts✨

Nematodes ✨Cylindrical unsegmented worms✨ ✨Sexes are separate (male & female)✨ ✨Male smaller than female غالبًا✨ ✨Complete digestive tract موجود✨ ✨Infective stages either eggs or larvae✨ ✨Eosinophilia common in tissue migration✨ ———————————————— ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS : ✨ Causes pinworm infection✨ ✨ Most common in children✨ ✨Female migrates to perianal area at night✨ ✨Causes nocturnal pruritus ani✨ ✨Diagnosis by Scotch tape test✨ ✨Eggs flattened on one side (planoconvex)✨ ✨Autoinfection common✨ ✨Infective stage = Embryonated egg✨ ✨Treatment includes treating whole family✨ ————————————————— ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES : ✨Largest intestinal nematode✨ ✨Infection by ingestion of embryonated eggs✨ ✨Infective stage = Embryonated egg✨ ✨Diagnostic stage = Egg in stool✨ ✨Larval migration through lungs causes Loeffler syndrome✨ ✨Adult worm lives in small intestine✨ ✨Can cause intestinal obstruction in children✨ ✨Can migrate to bile duct/pancreas✨ ✨Fertilized egg mammillated✨ ✨Treatment = Albendazole/Mebendazole✨

طلاب ركزوا اشياء تافهه وتجي عليها 20 نقطه ماريد احد يترك العَملي 😡❗️

مهم ‼️ البراز السائل يُفحص خلال 30 دقيقة 30 minutes → Liquid stool البراز الصلب يُفحص خلال ساعة 1 hours → Formed stool

طلاب ركزوا اشياء تافهه وتجي عليها 20 نقطه ماريد احد يترك العَملي 😡❗️

مهم بالعملي ‼️ - الطفيليات الميته راح تتصبغ ✅ Dead organisms → stained - الطفيليات العايشة مراح تتصبغ ❌ Living organisms → unstained

هذني الاشياء المهمة بالعملي وجايات 💯👍

⚠️ نلكى Cysts💩 بالبراز المتماسك بالـformed stool ⚠️ ونلكى Trophozoites 💧بالبراز السائل بالـliquid stool - العدسة 10× حتى نسوي scan❗️ - العدسة 40× حتى نشوف التفاصيل details ❗️

🔻 اذا لكينا IgM → يعني اصابة حديثة او حالية Recent infection 🔻 اذا لكينا IgG → اصابة قديمة او مزمنة Past infection شلون نحفظها ؟ M : جديد G : قديم

مهم - الصلب 💩 Formed stool : بيه Cysts + Helminth eggs - شبه صلب 🤏 semi formed : بيه Cysts + Trophozoites - سائل او مائي 💦 Watery stool : بيه Trophozoites