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የኒዬርክ ከተማ ለ5 ደቂቃ መብራት አጥፍታ ቶማስን አስታወሰች። """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" በአምፖል የፈጠራ ውጤቱ የምናውቀው ቶማስ አልቫ ኤድሰን አንድ ቀን ከትምህርት ቤቱ ወደ ቤት የተመለሰው መምህሩ የሰጠውን ወረቀት ይዞ ነበር፡፡ እናም ኤድሰን ለእናቱ እንዲህ አላት “መምህሬ ይሄን ወረቀት ለእናትህ ብቻ ስጣት ብሎ ሰጠኝ” በማለት ወረቀቱን አቀበላት፡፡ እናት እንባ በአይኖቿ ሞልቶ በወረቀቱ ላይ የሰፈረውን ሀሳብ ለልጇ አነበበችለት፡፡ ያነበበችለት ሀሳብም ይህ ነበር “ልጅሽ በአስተሳሰቡ ምጡቅ (ጀኒየስ) ነው፡፡ ይሄ ትምህርት ቤት ለእሱ አይመጥነውም፡፡ ለእሱ ብቁ የሆኑ መምህራኖችም ትምህርት ቤቱ የሌለው በመሆኑ እባክሽ አንቸው አስተምሪው ይላል” በማለት እንባዋንእየጠራረገች ወረቀቱን አጣጥፋ መሳቢያ ውስጥ ከተተችው፡፡ እናቱ ካረፈች ከብዙ ዓመታት በኋላ ኤድሰን በክፈለ ዘመኑ ካሉየፈጠራ ውጤት ባለቤቶች አንዱና ቀዳሚው ከሆነ በኋላ አንድቀን እናቱ እቃዎቿን የምታስቀምጥበትን መሳቢያ ማገላበጥ ጀመረ፡፡ ባጋጣሚ የተጣጠፈች ወረቀት ከመሳቢያው ተርዝአካባቢ ተሰክታ ይመለከትና አንስቶ ከፈታት፡፡ ወረቁ ልጅ እያለከመምህሩ ለእናቱ ብቻ እንዲሰጥ ታዞ የተሰጠው ወረቀትእንደነበር አውቋል፡፡ ከፍቶ ሲያነበውም ወረቀቱ ላይ የሰፈረውሀሳብ እንዲህ ይላል “ልጅሽ የአእምሮ ችግር ያለበትና ዘገምተኛ ነው፡፡ ከዚህ በኋላም ወደ ትምህርት ቤቱ እንዲመጣ አንፈቅድለትም” ይላል፡፡ ኤድሰን ለሰዓታት ካለቀሰ በኋላደያሪውን ከፍቶ እዲህ ሲል ጻፈ “ቶማስ አልቫ ኤድሰን አእምሮው ዘገምተኛ የተባለ ልጅ ነበር፡፡ ነገር ግን በጀግናዋና በልዩዋ እናቴ የምእተ ዓመቱ ጂኔስ ሁኛለሁ፡፡” እናትን መግለጽ እጅግ አዳጋች ነው፡፡ በፊደል ለመግለጽ የሚያዳግት ተፈጥሯዊ ጸጋ እናትነት ይመስለኛል፡፡ እጅ አትስጡ፤ በፍጹም ተስፋ አትቁረጡ በራሳችሁ ተማመኑ፣ ማንኛውንም ትግል ሁለት ጊዜ ነው የምናሸንፈው ቀዳሚውም በአእምሮ ውስጥ የሚያልቀው ነው ይለናል ቶማስ ኤድሰን፡፡ እኔ በሙከራየ አልወደኩም፤ የማይሰሩ አስር ሽህ መንገዶችን ለይቻለሁ እንጅ ይላል ተስፋ ላለመቁረጥ በአይነተኛ ተምሳሌትነት ቀድሞ ሊጠቀስ የሚችለው ቶማስ አልቫ ኤድሰን፡፡ #ከጠቢባን_አለም ✌️

Chemisty 📌 Notes on Chemical Bonding 🔻Chemical bond:- Chemical bond is the attractive force which holds various constituents together in a molecule. There are three types of chemical bonds: Ionic Bond, Covalent Bond, Co-ordinate Bond. 🔻Octet Rule: Atoms form chemical bonds in order to complete their octet i.e. eight electrons in their valence shell. 📍Lewis Structures: Pair of bonded electrons is by means of a ‘dash’ (-) usually called a ‘bond’. Lone pairs or ‘non-bonded’ electrons are represented by ‘dots’. Electrons present in the last shell of atoms are called valence electrons. ✌️Exceptions to the Octet Rule: 🔻Species with odd number of electrons: NO, NO2, 🔻Incomplete octet for the central atom:  LiCl, BeH2 and BCl3 🔻Expanded octet for the central atom: PF5, SF6 and H2SO4 🔻Formal Charge: Formal charge is the difference between the number of valence electrons in an isolated atom and number of electrons assigned to that atoms in Lewis structure. Formal charge = [Total number of valence electrons in the free atom ) - (Total number of lone pairs of electrons) -1/2(Total number of shared electrons i.e. bonding electrons)] 📍Resonance: For molecules and ions showing resonance it is not possible to draw a single Lewis structure. All the properties of such species can only be explained  by two or more Lewis structures. Example: Resonance of O3 📍Ionic Bonding: 🔻Formation of Ionic Bond: Formation of ionic bond takes place between a metal and a non-metal by transfer of electron. Formation of gaseous cations A(g) + I.E. → A+ (g) + e 📍Ionization Energy Formation of gaseous anions X(g) + e → X- (g) + E.A 📍Electron Affinity Packing of ions of opposite charges to form ionic solids A+ (g) + X- (g) →AX (s) +Energy 📍Lattice energy Conditions required of formation of ionic bonds: 🔻Low I.E of cation. 🔻High E.A of anion. 🔻High lattice energy. ⚡Covalent Bonding: Covalent bond is formed between two non-metals by sharing of electrons. 🔻Electron pairs which participate in bonding are called bond pairs. 🔻Electron pairs which do not participate in bonding are called lone pairs. There could be single, double or triple covalent bonds between two elements depending on the number of electrons being shared. 📍VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) Theory: The shape of the molecule is determined by repulsions between all of the electron pairs present in the valence shell. 🔻Order of the repulsion: Lone pair.Lone pair > Lone pair. Bond pair > Bond pair. Bond pair. 🌡️Repulsion among the bond pairs is directly proportional to the bond order and  electronegativity difference between the central atom and the other atoms. #grade9 @knowledgebach9

Which subject do you need short note and from which unit?

Geography Unit 4 👉Total fertility rate (TFR). Is the average number of children a woman would give birth to during her lifetime , if she were to pass through her childbearing years(15_49) experiencing the present_day age_specific fertility rates. 👉 Crude Birth Rate(CBR)..is the number of live births occuring among the population of a given geographical area in a given year, per 1,000 mid_year total population during the same year. 👉mathematically, CBR = (total annual number of live births/total mid _year population ) x 100

Biology unit 4 Cell cycle The cell cycle is a series of well-coordinated events that lead to cell growth, DNA replication, and division, resulting in the formation of two daughter cells. It consists of several distinct phases: 1. Interphase: This is the longest phase of the cell cycle and is divided into three sub-phases:    • G1 phase (Gap 1): The cell grows and carries out normal functions while preparing for DNA replication.    • S phase (Synthesis): The cell replicates its DNA, resulting in two copies of each chromosome.    • G2 phase (Gap 2): The cell continues to grow and prepares for mitosis, checking for any DNA damage and ensuring all necessary components are ready for division. 2. M phase (Mitosis): This phase includes the processes of mitosis and cytokinesis, where the replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei, followed by the division of the cytoplasm to form two distinct daughter cells. 3. G0 phase: Some cells may exit the cycle and enter a quiescent state known as G0, where they are metabolically active but not actively dividing. Cells can re-enter the cycle from this phase under certain conditions. #grade10 @knowledgebach9 @knowledgebach9