basic nursing knowledge

Microbiology:-37m 10mQ:-1q=10×1=10 5mQ:-3q=5×3=15 2mQ:-3q=2×3=6 6mcq's=6×1=6 Infection control:-38m 10m:-1q 5m:-2q 2m:-3q MC's:-7q Micro:-37m Infection control:-38m Total :-75m q paper... 🔰🔰

📒📒📒⚕️⚕️⚕️📒📒📒 1:Anti Histamine = Use in Allergy 2:Analgesic = Pain Killer 3:Anti Pyretic = Fever 4:Anti Septic = Pus 5:Anti Biotic = Infection 6:Anti Anaemia = Low blood 7: Anti Emetic = Vomting 8:Anti Acid = Stomach Burn 9:Anti Flantulents = Gases 10:Anti Spasmodic = Abdominal pain 11:Anti Anginal = Cardiac pain 12:Anti Arhthnic = Cardiac Activity 13:Ant Hypertensive = BP 14:Anti Lipemic = Chlosterol+Lipids 15:Anti Coagulant = Norrowing of Blood 16:Anti Depressant = Depression 17:HYPONOTIC = For Sleep 18:Anti Psychotic = For Psychosis 19:Anti Anxiety = For Anxiety 20:Anti Parkinson = For Parkinson's 21:Anti Stroke = For Stroke 22:Anti Viral = Against Virus 23:Anti T.B = Against T.B 24:Anti Fungal = Against Fungus 25:Anti Bacterials = Against Bacteria 26:Anti Malaria = Against Malaria 27:Anti Inflamatory = Against Swelling. 28: Bronchodilators = For Respiration 29:Haemostatics = Collecting of Blood

🌟COMPONENTS OF COLD CHAIN🌟 STORAGE 1) Walk in freezers (WIF) - National, state and regional vaccine stores - Temp : -15 to -25 degree Celsius - Used for bulk storage of OPV 2) Walk in coolers (WIC) - State and regional level, Govt. medical store depot (GMSD) - Temp : +2 to +8 degree Celsius - Used fro bulk storage of most vaccines in UIP 3) Deep freezers(DF) - District and subdistrict - Temp : -15 to -25 degree Celsius - 8 hrs continuous electricity per day is needed SMALL - At PHCs to prepare ice packs LARGE - At district level to prepare ice packs and store OPV 4) Ice lined refrigerators (ILRs) - District, subdistrict and PHCs - Temp - +2 to +8 degree Celsius - Temperature monitoring - Dial thermometer - 8 hrs of continuous electricity supply per day needed - Must be kept on horizontal leveled surface, atleast 10cm from walls 5)Cold box - To keep vaccines in case of power failure TRANSPORTATION 6) Vaccine carriers - 4 Ice packs - 16 - 20 vials 7) Day carrier - 2 ice packs - 6 - 8 vials 8) Ice packs - prepared by keeping in deep freezers - For temperature maintainable during transportation and immunization sessions - Capacity - 320 to 340 ml - horizontal mark indicate level for water filling - 2 holes for keeping vaccines HIGH YIELD POINTS 💥 Most important component of Cold chain in india - ILRs 💥Minimum level of vaccine storage in india - PHCs 💥 Maximum chance of cold chain failure in india - Subcenter and village level 💥Cold chain temperature monitoring - Dial thermometer

*BLOOD TRANSFUSION🤩* :- *PRBC*.......storage temp. ( *2- 6°c*) Storage time.........( *35 - 42 days*) Transfusion time. .... *2 - 4 hrs* *WHOLE BLOOD* ❤️ :- Storage Temp. = *2 - 6°c*🤣 Storage time :- *35 days* Transfusion time :- *2 - 4 hrs* *PLATELETS*😛 Storage temp. - *22 - 24°c* Storage time :- *5 days* Transfusion time:- *15 - 30 min. Single donor platelets* SDP RDP :- 4 - 5 min. *FRESH FROZEN PLASMA* :- Storage time:- *-20°c* Storage tim q Transfusion time :- *15 - 30 min.* Use within 2hrs

Common Signs and Symptom Nursing competitive exam 01. PTB – low-grade afternoon fever. 02. PNEUMONIA – rusty sputum. 03. ASTHMA – wheezing on expiration. 04. EMPHYSEMA – barrel chest. 05. KAWASAKI SYNDROME – strawberry tongue. 06. PERNICIOUS ANEMIA – red beefy tongue. 07. DOWN SYNDROME – protruding tongue. 08. CHOLERA – rice watery stool. 09. MALARIA – stepladder like fever with chills. 10. TYPHOID – rose spots in abdomen. 11. DIPTHERIA – pseudo membrane formation 12. MEASLES – koplik’s spots. 13. SLE – butterfly rashes. 14. LIVER CIRRHOSIS – spider like varices. 15. LEPROSY – lioning face. 16. BULIMIA – chipmunk face. 17. APPENDICITIS – rebound tenderness. 18. DENGUE – petechiae or (+) Herman’s sign. 19. MENINGITIS – Kernig’s sign (leg flex then leg pain on extension), Brudzinski sign (neck flex = lower leg flex). 20. TETANY – hypocalcemia (+) Trousseau’s sign/carpopedal spasm; Chvostek sign (facial spasm). 21. TETANUS – risus sardonicus. 22. PANCREATITIS – Cullen’s sign (ecchymosis of umbilicus); (+) Grey turners spots. 23. PYLORIC STENOSIS – olive like mass. 24. PDA – machine like murmur. 25. ADDISON’S DISEASE – bronze like skin pigmentation. 26. CUSHING’S SYNDROME – moon face appearance and buffalo hump. 27. HYPERTHYROIDISM/GRAVE’S DISEASE – exopthalmus. 28. INTUSSUSCEPTION – sausage shaped mass, Dance Sign (empty portion of RLQ) 29. MS – Charcot’s Triad (IAN) 30. MG – descending muscle weakness 31. Guillain Barre Syndrome – ascending muscle weakness 32. DVT – Homan’s Sign 33. CHICKEN POX – Vesicular Rash (central to distal) dew drop on rose petal 34. ANGINA – Crushing stubbing pain relieved by NTG 35. MI – Crushing stubbing pain which radiates to left shoulder, neck, arms, unrelieved by NTG 36. LTB – inspiratory stridor 37. TEF – 4Cs’ Coughing, Choking, Cyanosis, Continous Drooling 38. EPIGLOTITIS – 3Ds’ Drooling, Dysphonia, Dysphagia 39. HODGEKIN’S DSE/LYMPHOMA – painless, progressive enlargement of spleen & lymph tissues, Reedstenberg Cells 40. INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS – Hallmark: sore throat, cervical lymph adenopathy, fever. 41. PARKINSON’S – Pill-rolling tremors 42. FIBRIN HYALIN – Expiratory Grunt 43. CYSTIC FIBROSIS – Salty skin 44. DM – polyuria, polydypsia, polyphagia 45. DKA – Kussmauls breathing (Deep Rapid RR) 46. BLADDER CA – painless hematuria 47. BPH – reduced size & force of urine 48. PEMPHIGUS VULGARIS – Nikolsky’s sign (separation of epidermis caused by rubbing of the skin) 49. RETINAL DETACHMENT – Visual Floaters, flashes of light, curtain vision 50. GLAUCOMA – Painfull vision loss, tunnel/gun barrel/halo vision (Peripheral Vision Loss) 51. CATARACT – Painless vision loss, Opacity of the lens, blurring of vision 52. RETINO BLASTOMA – Cat’s eye reflex (grayish discoloration of pupils) 53. ACROMEGALY – Coarse facial feature 54. DUCHENNE’S MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY – Gowers’ sign (use of hands to push one’s self from the floor) 55. GERD – Barretts esophagus (erosion of the lower portion of the esophageal mucosa) 56. HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY – Flapping tremors 57. HYDROCEPHALUS – Bossing sign (prominent forehead) 58. INCREASE ICP – HYPERtension BRADYpnea BRADYcardia (Cushing’s Triad) 59. SHOCK – HYPOtension TACHYpnea TACHYcardia 60. MENIERE’S DSE – Vertigo, Tinnitus 61. CYSTITIS – burning on urination 62. HYPOCALCEMIA – Chvostek & Trosseaus sign 63. ULCERATIVE COLITIS – recurrent bloody diarrhea 64. LYME’S DSE – Bull’s eye rash Ottorhea s/s of basilar fracture Nursing competitive exam

☆ Pediatric Golden points 1⃣. At birth normal temp. ? Ans. 36.5 to 37.5⁰C 2⃣. At birth normal body weight ? Ans. 2.5 to 3.9 kg 3⃣. At birth normal height ? Ans. 45 to 55 cm 4⃣. At birth head circumference ? Ans. 33 to 35 cm 5⃣. At birth chest circumference ? Ans. 30 to 33 cm 6⃣. At birth mid upper arm circumference ? Ans. 11 to 12 cm 7⃣. At birth suction A. 1st nose B. 1st month Ans. B 8⃣. Suction pressure in preterm baby ? Ans. 40 to 60 mmhg 9⃣. Suction pressure in adult ? Ans. 100 to 120 mmhg 🔟. Normal suctioning time duration ? Ans. 5 to 10 sec ▶️. Newborn baby provide O2 therapy by ? Ans. Hood ▶️. Complication of O2 theory in Newborn baby ? Ans. Retrolanterial fibroplasia ▶️. APGAR Score discover by ? Ans. Virginia APGAR ▶️ APGAR Score assess 3 body system ? Ans. A. Cardiac system B. Respiratory system C. Nervous system ▶️APGAR Score should be assess after birth...in. ? Ans. 1 and 5 min ▶️Normal length of umbilical cord ? Ans. 45 cm ▶️Before 4 months of gestation umbilical cord blood vessels...? Ans. 4 (2 artery and 2 vein) ▶️After 4 months of gestation umbilical cord blood vessels....? Ans. 3 (2 artery and 1 vein) ▶️After birth umbilical cord cutting ? A. After stoppage of pulsation in umbilical blood vessels B. Before stoppage of pulsation in umbilical blood vessels Ans. A ▶️During umbilical cord cutting 1st clump......Cm away from baby ? Ans. 5 cm ▶️Heat regulatory Center persent ? Ans. Hypothalamus ▶️Kmc effective when body temperature more than ...... ? Ans. More than 34⁰ C ▶️Color of male baby identification band ? Ans. Blue ▶️Vit. K active clotting factor no..........? Ans. 2 ,7 ,9,10 ▶️Provide vit. K to prevent tha baby from ? Ans. Bleeding tendency ▶️Term baby does of vit. K ? Ans. 1mg ▶️Children most suitable side for IM injection ? Ans. Vastuslateralis muscle ▶️Causative agent of ophthalmia neonatorum ? Ans. Neisseria gonorrhea ▶️At birth most common use eye medicine ? Ans. Erythromycin ▶️Down syndrome ? Ans. Trisomy of 21 no of chromosome ▶️What is the klinefelter syndrome ? Ans. Only male baby, one X chromosome extra ▶️What is the Turner syndrome ? Ans. Only female body, one X chromosome absent *Regards:- Radhe Choudhary

❤️Nursing competitive exam❤️ *Normal value of important subastance in blood.* *Glucose 100~120 mg/dl* *creatinine 0•5~1•5mg/dl* *cholesterol 200mg/dl* *plasma protein 6•4~8•3g/dl* *bilirubin 0•5~1•5mg/dl* *copper 100~200mg/dl* *iron 50~150micro g/dl* *calcium 9~11mg/dl* *sodium 135~145mEq/l* *potassium 3•5~5mEq/l* *magnesium 1•5~2mEq/l* *chloride 100~110mEq/l* *Bicarbonate 22~26mEq/l* *total protein 7•3g/dl* *serum albumin 4•7g/dl* *serum globulin 2•3g/dl* *fibrinogen 0•3g/dl* *A/G ratio 2•1* *IgG 1000mg/dl* *IgA 200mg/dl* *IgM 120mg/dl* *IgD 3mg/dl* *IgE 0•05mg/dl* ANTIDOTE AND DRUG OF CHOICE PROPHYLAXIS(Dx/Px):- 1.Drug for PCM poisoning :- N acetylecystine (mucomyst) 2. DOC for Acute Asthma:- Salbutamol 3.DOC for Chronic Asthma:- Salmetrol 4.Drug of choice for bipolar disorder:- Lithium 5.Drug of choice for mania:- Lithium 6.Drug of choice for acute mania:-Haloperidol 7.Drug of choice for chronic mania:-Lithum 8.Drug of choice for hyperkalamia:- Kayxalate/sodium natropuroside/insuline+dextrose 9.Drug of choice for Ketoacidosis:- Insuline+dextrose 10.Prophylaxis for Asthma:-Montalucast 11.Drug for Digitalis Toxicity:-Digibind 12.Drug of choice for Acute migraine:-Sumatripatan 13 Drug of choice for ADHD:-Methylphenidate(Amphetamine) 14.Drug of choice for Alzeihmers disease:-Tacrine/donepzil/Rivastigmine 15.Drug of choice for Myasthenia gravis:-Neostigmine 16.Drug of choice for Anaphylactic Shock:-Adrenaline 17.Drug of choice for Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy/Lactation:-Propylthiouracil 18.Drug of choice for Atonic Seizures:-Sodium valproate 19.Drug of choice for Febrile Seizures:-Diazepam 20.Antidote for Aspirine poisoning:-Sodium bicarbonate 21.Antidote for organophosphate poisoning:-Atropine 22.Drug of choice for Central Diabetic Insipidus:-Vasoprassin/desmopressin 23.DOC for Chemotherapy induced vomiting:-Ondasteron 24.DOC for chloroquine resistant malaria:-Quinine 25.DOC for cholera:Tetracycline 26.Antidote for Benzodiazapine poisoning:-Flumazenil 27.Antidote for Barbiturate poisoning:-Sodium bicarbonate  28.Antidote for Atropine poisoning:-Physostigmine 29.DOC for Chese reaction:-Phentolamine 30.DOC for Acute Gout:-Indomethacin 31.DOC for Chronic Gout:-Allopurinol 32.DOC for complicated Malaria:-Artesunate 33.Antidote for Cyanide poisoning:-Amyl nitrate 34.DOC for Depression:-Any of SSRI                 drug(Citalopram,Escitalopram,Fluoetine,Paroxetine,Sertraline,Vilazodone) 35.DOC for disease modifying anti Rheumatic drug(DMARD):-Methotrexate 36.DOC for drug induced parkinson disease:-Benzhexol 37.Choice of Muscle relaxant for Endotracheal intubation:-Succinylcholine 38.Choice for Relaxant for ECT:-succinylcholine 39.Treatment of choice for severe Depression:-ECT 40.DOC for Enteric Fever:-Ceftrixone 41.DOC for Epilepsy in pregnancy:-Lamotrigine 42.Antidote for Fibrinolytics:-Aminocaproic acid 43.DOC for BPH(Benign prostate hypertrophy):-Prozosin 44.Antidote for Heparine Toxicity:-Protamine sulphate 45.prophylaxis for herpes:-Acyclovir 46.prophylaxis for rheumatic fever:-Benzathaine penicilline 47.prophylaxis for MI:-Asprine 48.DOC for Malaria:-Chloroquine  49.DOC for hypertensive emergency:-Sodium nitroprusside 50.DOC for hypertension in pregnancy:-Lobetalol 51.DOC for Eclampsia:-Mgso4 52.DOC for Hypothyroidism:-Levothyroxin 53.DOC for hypovolemic Shock:-IV fluids 54.Antidote for Iron toxicity :-Desferoxamine 55.DOC for Methanol poisoning:-Fomepizole 56.DOC FOR Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus :- Vencomycin 57.Mydriatic of choice in Adults:-Tropicamide 58.Mydriatic of choice in children:-Atropine 59.DOC for syphillis:-Benzathine penicilline 60.DOC for noctural enuresis :- Desmopressin/imipramine 61.DOC for obsessive compulsive disorders:-SSRI drug(Citalopram,Escitalopram,Fluoetine,Paroxetine,Sertraline,Vilazodone) 62.Antidote for Opiod poisoning:-Nalaxone 63. DOC for oral hypoglycemic drug in obese :- metformine 64.DOC for oral hypoglycemic drug in thin:-Sulfonylureas 65.DOC for cardiogenic Shock:-Dobutamine

about COVID -19. 1. First case ( china )- 31 dec. 2019 2. First case india - 30 jan. 2020 3. WHO declared COVID-19 is pandemic - 11 march 2020 4. Arogya setu app launched - 2 april 2020 5.  Indian air force flowers 💐 showers on corona warrior - 3 may 2020 6.  Janta curfew - 22 march 2020 7. First lockdown - 24 march 2020  (21days) 8. Second lockdown - 15 april 2020 *to* 03 may 2020 9. First case outside the china - 13 jan. 2020 ( Thiland) 10. First covid hospital - seven hills Mumbai

FULL FORM OF COMMON MEDICAL WORDS CBC : : complete blood count CP : : complete picture (of blood) CXR : : X-ray chest (PA view) BT : : bleeding time CT : : clotting time LFT : : liver function test SGOT : : serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase SGPT : : serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase ALP : : alkaline phosphatase ALT : : alanine aminotransferase GGT: :gamma glutamyl transpeptidase GGT: : gamma glutamile transpeptidase GTT: : glucose tolerance test LDH: : lactae dehydrogenase PT: : prothrombing time AF : : atrial fibrillation AIDS : acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AKA : alcoholic ketoacidosis ALL : acute lymphoblastic leukaemia AMI : acute myocardial infarction ARF : acute renal failure HTN : : high blood pressure Hypertension CABG: coronary artery bypass graft CAH: congenital adrenal hyperplasia CCF: congestive cardiac failure CF: cystic fibrosis CHD: coronary heart disease CNS: central nervous system COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CPAP: continuous positive airways pressure CRF: chronic renal failure CSF: cerebrospinal fluid CT: computer mography CVA: cerebrovascular accident (stroke) CVD: cardiovascular disease DKA: diabetic ketoacidosis DU: duodenal ulcer DVT: deep vein thrombosis ECG: electrocardiography/ or cardiogram EEG: electroencephalogram ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESRD: end-stage renal disease FPG: fasting plasma glucose GIT: gastrointestinal tract GU: gastric ulcer GvHD: graft versus host disease HAV: hepatitis A virus HBV: hepatitis B virus Hcg: human chorionic gonadotrophin HAV : : hepatitis A virus HCV hepatitis: C virus HIV: human immunodeficiency virus HNA: heparin neutralising activity ICH: intracranial haemorrhage IDA: iron deficiency anaemia IDDM: insulin dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus IFG: impaired fasting glucose IGT : impaired glucose tolerance IHD: ischaemic heart disease Ig: immunoglobulin IM: intramuscular ITU: intensive therapy unit IV: intravenous IVU: intravenous urogram K: : potassium LBBB: left bundle branch block LCM: left costal margin LFTs: liver function tests LIF: left iliac fossa LUQ: left upper quadrant LVF: left ventricular failure LVH: left ventricular hypertrophy MC&S: microscopy, culture & sensitivity MCH: mean cell haemoglobin MI: myocardial infarction Min: minutes MPD: myeloproliferative disease MRI : magnetic resonance imaging MS : multiple sclerosis or mass spectroscopy Na: : sodium Ca : : calcium NaCl: sodium chloride OA : osteo arthritis RA : : rheumatoid arthritis OCP: oral contraceptive pill PACWP: pulmonary artery capillary wedge pressure PAD: peripheral arterial disease PB: peripheral blood PBC : primary biliary cirrhosis PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention PCL: plasma cell leukaemia PE: pulmonary embolism PR: per rectum PV : : per vagina PV: plasma volume RAS: renal angiotensin system or renal artery stenosis RBBB: right bundle branch block RBCs: red blood cells RCC: red blood cell count Rh: Rhesus (monkey) RIF: right iliac fossa RUQ: right upper quadrant SC: subcutaneous SDH: subdural haemorrhage SOB: shortness of breath SM: smooth muscle SVC : superior vena cava SVCO: superior vena caval obstruction SXR: skull x-ray T°: temperature t1/2: half-life T4: thyroxine TA: temporal arteritis TB: tuberculosis TFT: thyroid function test TIAs: transient ischaemic attacks TPO: thyroid peroxidase TRAB: thyrotropin receptor antibodies TSH : thyroid-stimulating hormone TT: thrombin time UC: ulcerative colitis U&E: urea and electrolytes UCE: : urea creatinine & electrolytes URTI: upper respiratory tract infection UTI: urinary tract infection USS: ultrasound scan VIII: C factor VIII clotting activity VIP: vasoactive intestinal peptide Vit K: vitamin K VSD: ventricular septal defect WBC: :white blood cell TLC : : total leukocytes

01)BCG का फुल फॉर्म क्या होता है। *Ans- bacillus calmette-guerin.* 02)टिका और मेडिसिन में क्या अंतर है। Ans:-वैक्सीन रोग-प्रतिरोधक क्षमता बढ़ाने के लिए पहले दिया जाता है। और मेडिसिन बीमारी होने के बाद दिया जाता है। 03)टिकाकरण में कितनी तरह का टीका का प्रयोग किया जाता है! Ans-11प्रकार! 01)BCG 2)HepB 03)OPV 04)IPV 05)Penta 06)PCV 07)ROTA, 08)MR,09)JE & 10) DPT,11)TD! 04)कितनी बीमारी से बचने के लिए टिका दिया जाता है। सभी बीमारियों का नाम लिखें। Ans-12 प्रकार! 01)टीबी,02)हेपेटाइटिस-बी 03)पोलियो 04)निमोनिया 05)डायरिया 06)खसरा 07)रूबेला 08)दिमागी बुख़ार 09)पालतुसिस 10)डिप्थीरिया 11)टेटनस 12)हिब इंफेक्शन 05)पल्स पोलियो अभियान की शुरुआत कब हुई। 24 दिसम्बर 1995 06)AFP का फुल नाम क्या है। *Ans- acute flaccid paralysis.* 07)AEFI का पूरा नाम बताएं। *Ans- adverse event following immunization* 08)05 साल में विटामिन A की कितनी खुराक दी जाती है। Ans-09 बार 09)क्रम से प्राम्भ की गई वर्ष का नाम लिखें। 01)पेंटावैलेंट-07 जनवरी 2015 02)IPV-07 दिसंबर 2015 03)fIPV- 01मार्च 2017 04)PCV-01june 2018 05)RVV-03 July 2019. 06)TD-20 July2019 10)IPV एव fIPV में क्या अंतर है। Ans:-IPV का dose 0.5ml है और यह टिका 3rd dose के साथ दिया जाता था। लेकिन fipv विभाजित dose है, इसे first dose एवं 3 rd dose OPV के साथ 0.1ml Ad syringe से दिया जाता है। 11)टिकाकरण में कितने तरह का सिरिंज इस्तेमाल किया जाता है।नाम सहित लिखें। 03 प्रकार! 01)0.1ml, 02)0.5ml, 03)5 ml, 12)लेफ्ट आउट एव ड्रॉप आउट को परिभाषित करें। *लेफ्ट आउट*-ऐसे बच्चे जो अपने जीवन काल मे एक भी टिका नही लिए। *ड्रॉप-आउट*:-ऐसे बच्चे जिनकी टिकाकरण की शुरुआत हुई, लेकिन उम्र के साथ टिका नही दिया गया। या किसी कारण से बंचित रह गया। 13)DPT का टीका किस बीमारी से बचने के लिए जाता है।एव इसकी शुरुआत किस उम्र के बच्चे से की जाती है। काली-खांसी,डिप्थीरिया,&टेटनस! और इसे 01 साल के बाद शुरू की जाती है। (नोटः-लेकिन नेपाल में पेंटा नही होने के कारण 1.5 माह पर ही शुरू की जाती है) 14)MR का टीका टिकाकरण में कब शामिल किया गया।एव टिकाकरण में इस टिके को कितने वर्ष के बच्चे से प्रारम्भ किया जा सकता है। Ans:-(26 नवम्बर 2018),(चूंकि MR का campaign मार्च 2018 में ही होना था, लेकिन किसी कारण बस नही हो सका, और निर्माता कंपनी ने मार्च के पर्याप्त दवा निर्माण कर लिया और खसरे के वैक्सीन निर्माता को रोक दिया गया, इस कारण खसरा का vials समाप्त हो गई। इस कारण 26 नवम्बर से ही टिकाकरण में प्रयोग किया एव 15 जनवरी 2019 में compaign हुआ। 15) एक वर्ष में एक बच्चे को कितनी टिका लगाई जाती है। Anm-19 टिका 16)जिंक की गोली किस बीमारी से बचाव के लिए दिया जाता है।एवं इसका सेवन कैसे किया जाता है। Ans-दस्त से बचाव के लिए दिया जाता है। 01 जिंक की गोली एक चम्मच पीने के पानी में या मां के दूध में घोलकर 14 दिनों तक पिलाया जाता है। 17) Anm-किट में कौन-कौन उपकरण रहता है।सभी उपकरण का नाम लिखें। (आई0एफ0ए0 एवं कैल्शियम टैबलेट,परिवार नियोजन किट,(ex.छाया टैबलेट, माला-एन, इसीपिल, कंडोम्स, निश्चय किट,). 01)बीपी मशीन, 02)स्टैथोस्कोप, 03) थर्मामीटर , 04)वजन मशीन(वयस्कों के लिए). 05)वजन मशीन (बच्चों का लिए) 06)फ़िटोसकोप 07)MUAC टेप 08)ऊंचाई मापने वाला टेप, 09)फंडल टेप 10)हिमोग्लोबीनोमीटर 11)यूरिन एल्बुमिन किट 12) ग्लूकोमीटर, 13) निश्चय किट , 14) मेजपोश 15)बेडशीट या चादर पर्दा 16)हब कटर। 18)टिकाकरण में किस प्रकार का आइस पैक उपयोग की जाती है। Semi-forozen अर्ध मिश्रित जमा हुआ। 19) यदि कोई बच्चा अपनी पहली जन्मदिन के 05 दिन पहले आपके टिकाकरण सत्र पर आती है, और टिका के लिए आग्रह करती है,आपके द्वारा कौन सा टिका दिया जाएगा।क्रम से लिखें। Ans- *BCG, OPV, RVV, fipv, PCV, Penta, MR1 & JE1.* 20) OPEN Vials policy किस वैक्सीन पर लागू नही होता है। सभी का नाम लिखें। Ans:- *BCG, MR, JE,RVV* 21)गर्भवती महिलाओं में ख़तरे के लक्षण कौन-कौन से है। 01) अत्यधिक रक्तस्राव. 02)शरीर मे खून की कमी! 03)गर्भावस्था या प्रसव पश्चात 01 महीने के अंदर तेज बुख़ार। 04)दौरे पड़ना,धुंधला दिखाई देना, सिर दर्द, उल्टी, या पूरे शरीर मे सूजन। 05)बच्चे का कम घूमना, 06)प्रसव पीड़ा के पहले थैली का फट जाना। 22)नवजात शिशु में ख़तरे के कौन-2 लक्षण होते है।लिखें। 01) मां का दूध ना पी पाना,02) दौरे पड़ना,ऐंठन,03) सांस की गति 60 प्रति मिनट से ज्यादा 04) सांस लेते समय छाती का धसना।हलचल नही होना।

🧜‍♂️Vitamins_Deficiency🧜‍♂️ 1- Vitamin “A”: Night blindness 2- Vitamin “B1”: Beriberi 3- Vitamin “B2”: Ariboflavinosis 4- Vitamin “B3”: Pellagra 5- Vitamin “B5”: Parestheia 6- Vitamin “B6”: Anemia 7- Vitamin “B7”: Dermititis and enteritis 8- Vitamin “B9” - “B12”: Megaloblastic anemia 9- Vitamin “B17”: Cancer 10- Vitamin “C”: Scurvy and swelling of gums 11- Vitamin “D”: Rickets and Osteomalacia 12- Vitamin “E”: less fertility 13- Vitamin “K”: Non-Clotting of blood

FULL FORM OF COMMON MEDICAL WORDS CBC : : complete blood count CP : : complete picture (of blood) CXR : : X-ray chest (PA view) BT : : bleeding time CT : : clotting time LFT : : liver function test SGOT : : serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase SGPT : : serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase ALP : : alkaline phosphatase ALT : : alanine aminotransferase GGT: :gamma glutamyl transpeptidase GGT: : gamma glutamile transpeptidase GTT: : glucose tolerance test LDH: : lactae dehydrogenase PT: : prothrombing time AF : : atrial fibrillation AIDS : acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AKA : alcoholic ketoacidosis ALL : acute lymphoblastic leukaemia AMI : acute myocardial infarction ARF : acute renal failure HTN : : high blood pressure Hypertension CABG: coronary artery bypass graft CAH: congenital adrenal hyperplasia CCF: congestive cardiac failure CF: cystic fibrosis CHD: coronary heart disease CNS: central nervous system COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CPAP: continuous positive airways pressure CRF: chronic renal failure CSF: cerebrospinal fluid CT: computer mography CVA: cerebrovascular accident (stroke) CVD: cardiovascular disease DKA: diabetic ketoacidosis DU: duodenal ulcer DVT: deep vein thrombosis ECG: electrocardiography/ or cardiogram EEG: electroencephalogram ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESRD: end-stage renal disease FPG: fasting plasma glucose GIT: gastrointestinal tract GU: gastric ulcer GvHD: graft versus host disease HAV: hepatitis A virus HBV: hepatitis B virus Hcg: human chorionic gonadotrophin HAV : : hepatitis A virus HCV hepatitis: C virus HIV: human immunodeficiency virus HNA: heparin neutralising activity ICH: intracranial haemorrhage IDA: iron deficiency anaemia IDDM: insulin dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus IFG: impaired fasting glucose IGT : impaired glucose tolerance IHD: ischaemic heart disease Ig: immunoglobulin IM: intramuscular ITU: intensive therapy unit IV: intravenous IVU: intravenous urogram K: : potassium LBBB: left bundle branch block LCM: left costal margin LFTs: liver function tests LIF: left iliac fossa LUQ: left upper quadrant LVF: left ventricular failure LVH: left ventricular hypertrophy MC&S: microscopy, culture & sensitivity MCH: mean cell haemoglobin MI: myocardial infarction Min: minutes MPD: myeloproliferative disease MRI : magnetic resonance imaging MS : multiple sclerosis or mass spectroscopy Na: : sodium Ca : : calcium NaCl: sodium chloride OA : osteo arthritis RA : : rheumatoid arthritis OCP: oral contraceptive pill PACWP: pulmonary artery capillary wedge pressure PAD: peripheral arterial disease PB: peripheral blood PBC : primary biliary cirrhosis PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention PCL: plasma cell leukaemia PE: pulmonary embolism PR: per rectum PV : : per vagina PV: plasma volume RAS: renal angiotensin system or renal artery stenosis RBBB: right bundle branch block RBCs: red blood cells RCC: red blood cell count Rh: Rhesus (monkey) RIF: right iliac fossa RUQ: right upper quadrant SC: subcutaneous SDH: subdural haemorrhage SOB: shortness of breath SM: smooth muscle SVC : superior vena cava SVCO: superior vena caval obstruction SXR: skull x-ray T°: temperature t1/2: half-life T4: thyroxine TA: temporal arteritis TB: tuberculosis TFT: thyroid function test TIAs: transient ischaemic attacks TPO: thyroid peroxidase TRAB: thyrotropin receptor antibodies TSH : thyroid-stimulating hormone TT: thrombin time UC: ulcerative colitis U&E: urea and electrolytes UCE: : urea creatinine & electrolytes URTI: upper respiratory tract infection UTI: urinary tract infection USS: ultrasound scan VIII: C factor VIII clotting activity VIP: vasoactive intestinal peptide Vit K: vitamin K VSD: ventricular septal defect WBC: :white blood cell TLC : : total leukocytes

Throw Your Past Into The Dustbin..... Keep The Present On Your Working Table And Display Your Future On The Notice Board..... That's The Great Attitude.....

Nails disorders

#BLOOD_PHYSIOLOGY FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD Transportation of dissolved gases (O2, CO2) nutrients, hormones, and metabolic wastes 🩸 Regulation of the pH and ion composition of interstitial fluids 🩸 Restriction of fluid loss at injury sites 🩸 Defense against toxins and pathogens 🩸 Regulation of body temperature MAJOR COMPONENTS OF BLOOD formed elements 🩸erythrocytes 🩸leukocytes 🩸platelets 🩸plasma FORMED ELEMENTS 🩸the actual cellular components of blood (special connective tissue) ERYTHROCYTES 🩸red blood cells LEUKOCYTES 🩸white blood cells PLATELETS 🩸cell fragments for clotting BLOOD PLASMA 🩸complex non-cellular fluid surrounding formed elements; protein & electrolytes 🩸SEPARATION OF COMPONENTS IN A CENTRIFUGE VOLUME LAYER 1. clear/yellowish PLASMA 55% top 2. thin/whitish buffy coat <1% middle with LEUKOCYTES & PLATELETS 3. reddish mass - ERYTHROCYTES 45% bottom 🩸HEMATOCRIT percentage by VOLUME of erythrocytes when blood is centrifuged (normal = 45%) 🩸CHARACTERISTICS OF BLOOD 1. bright red (oxygenated) 2. dark red/purplish (unoxygenated) 3. much more dense than pure water 4. pH range from 7.35 to 7.45 (slightly alkaline) 5. slightly warmer than body temperature 100.4 F 6. typical volume in adult male 5-6 liters 7. typical volume in adult female 4-5 liters 8. typically 8% of body weight 🩸MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD 1. DISTRIBUTION & TRANSPORT a. oxygen from lungs to body cells b. carbon dioxide from body cells to lungs c. nutrients from GI tract to body cells d. nitrogenous wastes from body cells to kidneys e. hormones from glands to body cells 🩸MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD 2. REGULATION (MAINTENANCE OF HOMEOSTASIS) a. maintenance of normal body pH i. blood proteins (albumin) & bicarbonate b. maintenance of circulatory/interstitial fluid i. electrolytes and blood proteins (albumin) c. maintenance of temperature (blushed skin) 🩸MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD 3. PROTECTION a. platelets and proteins "seal" vessel damage b. protection from foreign material & infections i. leukocytes, antibodies, complement pro 🩸ERYTHROCYTES (red blood cells; RBCs) STRUCTURE 1. 7.5 micron diameter; 2.0 micron thick 2. biconcave disk shape; ideal for gas exchange i. spectrin - elastic protein; allows shape change 3. mature cells are anucleate (no nucleus) 4. very few organelles; mainly a hemoglobin carrier i. hemoglobin - 33% of cell mass; carries oxygen 5. no mitochondria; only anaerobic respiration 6. ratio erythrocytes:leukocytes = 800:1 7. red blood cell count: # cells per cubic millimeter i. normal male count - 5.1 to 5.8 million ii. normal female count - 4.3 to 5.2 million

🎉IMPORTANT DATES TO REMEMBER🎉 ✌️✌️ ⭕️January:- 30- National antileprosy day. ⭕️Feb:- 4- world Cancer Day, 28- National science day ⭕️March:- 3- world wildlife day, 8- international women's Day, 2nd Thursday of march- world kidney day, 20- world sparrow day, 21- world forestry day, 22- world water Day, 24- world TB day ⭕️April:- 7- world health day, 17- world haemophilia day, 22- earth Day, 25- world malaria day, last Saturday- veterinary day ⭕️May:- 1- labour day, 3- asthma day, 8- red cross day, 9- thalassemia day, 2nd sunday- mother's Day, 12- hypertension day, 19- hepatitis day, 22- international biodiversity day, 25- thyroid day, 31- No tobacco day ⭕️June:- 5- Environment day, 14- blood donors day, 3rd sunday- father's Day, 21- yoga day, 26- international day against drug abuse and illicit trafficking ⭕️July:- 1- Doctors day(India), 11- population day, 29- international Tiger day ⭕️Aug:- 1to7- world breastfeeding week, 12-elephant/youth day, 20- malaria day, 29- mosquito day/national sports day ⭕️Sept:- 1to7- National nutrition week, 5- world spinal chord injury day, 16- ozone day, 21- Alzheimer's day, last Sunday- world heart day, 28- rabies day ⭕️Oct:- 1st monday- universal children day, 1- national voluntarily blood donation day/world senior citizens day, 3- world habitat day, 4- world animal welfare day, 10- mental health day, 2nd Thursday- world sight day, 16- world food Day, 21- global I2 deficiency day ⭕️Nov:- 1- world ecology day, 7- world Cancer awareness Day, 14- diabetes day, 17- epilepsy day, 21- fisheries day ⭕️Dec:- 1-AIDS day, 2- National pollution prevention in India to mark the Bhopal gas tragedy, 5- soil day, 10- human rights day, 14- nat energy conservation day, 23- kisan farmers day