THE UNKNOWN SOLUTION TEAM

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*FISHERIES* (6ai) Floats: (PICK ONLY ONE) (i) Floats provide buoyancy to keep the upper part of the net afloat in the water, ensuring that it remains at the desired depth. (ii) Floats often come in bright colors or are equipped with flags to increase visibility, making it easier for fishermen to locate and retrieve the net. (6aii) Sinkers: (PICK ONLY ONE) (i) Sinkers help to keep the lower part of the net submerged at the desired depth in the water column, ensuring effective fishing. (ii) Sinkers provide stability to the net, preventing it from drifting excessively in the water and maintaining its position. (6aiii) Netting: (PICK ONLY ONE) (i) The netting is the primary component of the gill net that captures fish by entangling them as they swim into it. (ii) The size and structure of the netting can be adjusted to target specific sizes or species of fish, allowing for selective fishing practices. (6aiv) Foot Rope: (PICK ONLY ONE) (i) The foot rope runs along the bottom of the net, helping to maintain its shape and ensuring that the net remains spread out and functional. (ii) The foot rope can be weighted to anchor the bottom of the net to the seabed, preventing it from drifting or moving excessively in strong currents. (6av) Head Rope: (i) The head rope runs along the top of the net, providing structural support and helping to maintain its shape and orientation in the water. (ii) The head rope often serves as the attachment point for the mainline, connecting the gill net to the fishing vessel and allowing for deployment and retrieval. (6bi) Protein: (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Fish meal (ii) Soybean meal (iii) Shrimp meal (iv) Krill meal (v) Spirulina (vi) Blood meal (6bii) Energy: (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Fish oil (ii) Corn (iii) Wheat (iv) Rice bran (v) Barley (6biii) Minerals and vitamins: (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Fish liver oil (ii) Salt (iii) Wheat germ (iv) fish liver oil (v) alfalfa meal (6c) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Thorough drying methods (ii) Hygiene maintenance (iii) Temperature regulation (iv) Food-grade equipment usage (v) Pest control measures (vi) Proper packaging (vii) Clear labeling (viii( Compliance with safety regulations (6d) (PICK ANY TWO) (i) It extends shelf life (ii) It reduces food waste (iii) It facilitates transportation (iv) It enhances food safety (vi) It increases economic values.

*FISHERIES* (2a) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Proper transportation techniques to minimize stress. (ii) Providing adequate oxygen during handling and transport. (iii) Maintaining water temperature within suitable ranges. (iv) Avoiding overcrowding to reduce aggression and injuries. (v) -Handling with care to prevent damage to fins and scales. (vi) Quarantining new brood stock to prevent introduction of diseases to existing populations. (2bi) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Water quality parameters such as pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen levels. (ii) Pond size and depth relative to the planned stocking density. (iii) Availability of suitable fish species for stocking, considering market demand and compatibility. (iv) Source and quality of fingerlings or juveniles to be stocked. (iv) Predation risk from birds, mammals, or other aquatic species. -Environmental conditions such as sunlight exposure and wind direction. (2bii) (PICK ANY FOUR. It should match what u picked in 2bi) (i) Water quality parameters: Proper water quality ensures optimal conditions for fish growth, survival, and health. (ii) Pond size and depth: Adequate space and depth prevent overcrowding and maintain sufficient oxygen levels for fish. (iii) Availability of suitable fish species: Selecting appropriate species ensures compatibility with the pond environment and market demand. (iv) Source and quality of fingerlings: High-quality fingerlings from reputable sources have better growth potential and disease resistance. (v) Predation risk: Minimizing predation risk protects stocked fish from potential losses. (vi) Environmental conditions: Considering environmental factors enhances the success of fish stocking and overall pond management. (2c) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Fishing rod and reel (ii) Fishing net (iii) Fish trap (iv) Fishing line and hooks (v) fishing swivel (vi) bobbers (2d) Broadcasting: (i) It ensures that feed is evenly distributed throughout the pond, maximizing access for all fish. (ii) Fish have equal opportunity to access feed, minimizing aggressive behavior and competition for food. (ii) Spot feeding: (i) It allows for precise delivery of feed to specific areas where fish congregate, ensuring all fish receive adequate nutrition. (ii) By observing feeding behavior at feeding spots, fish health and appetite can be monitored more effectively, enabling early detection of issues.

*FISHERIES* (6ai) Floats: (PICK ONLY ONE) (i) Floats provide buoyancy to keep the upper part of the net afloat in the water, ensuring that it remains at the desired depth. (ii) Floats often come in bright colors or are equipped with flags to increase visibility, making it easier for fishermen to locate and retrieve the net. (6aii) Sinkers: (PICK ONLY ONE) (i) Sinkers help to keep the lower part of the net submerged at the desired depth in the water column, ensuring effective fishing. (ii) Sinkers provide stability to the net, preventing it from drifting excessively in the water and maintaining its position. (6aiii) Netting: (PICK ONLY ONE) (i) The netting is the primary component of the gill net that captures fish by entangling them as they swim into it. (ii) The size and structure of the netting can be adjusted to target specific sizes or species of fish, allowing for selective fishing practices. (6aiv) Foot Rope: (PICK ONLY ONE) (i) The foot rope runs along the bottom of the net, helping to maintain its shape and ensuring that the net remains spread out and functional. (ii) The foot rope can be weighted to anchor the bottom of the net to the seabed, preventing it from drifting or moving excessively in strong currents. (6av) Head Rope: (i) The head rope runs along the top of the net, providing structural support and helping to maintain its shape and orientation in the water. (ii) The head rope often serves as the attachment point for the mainline, connecting the gill net to the fishing vessel and allowing for deployment and retrieval. (6bi) Protein: (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Fish meal (ii) Soybean meal (iii) Shrimp meal (iv) Krill meal (v) Spirulina (vi) Blood meal (6bii) Energy: (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Fish oil (ii) Corn (iii) Wheat (iv) Rice bran (v) Barley (6biii) Minerals and vitamins: (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Fish liver oil (ii) Salt (iii) Wheat germ (iv) fish liver oil (v) alfalfa meal (6c) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Thorough drying methods (ii) Hygiene maintenance (iii) Temperature regulation (iv) Food-grade equipment usage (v) Pest control measures (vi) Proper packaging (vii) Clear labeling (viii( Compliance with safety regulations (6d) (PICK ANY TWO) (i) It extends shelf life (ii) It reduces food waste (iii) It facilitates transportation (iv) It enhances food safety (vi) It increases economic values.

*WAEC FISHERIES* *NUMBER THREE* (3ai) (PICK ANY FIVE) (i) Water temperature (ii) Dissolved oxygen (iii) pH level (iv) Ammonia levels (v) Nitrite levels (vi) Turbidity (3aii) (PICK ANY FIVE) (i) Water temperature: Thermometer (ii) Dissolved oxygen: Dissolved oxygen meter (iii) pH level: pH meter (iv) Ammonia levels: Ammonia test kit (v) Nitrite levels: Nitrite test kit (vi);Turbidity: Secchi disk (3b) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Reduced dissolved oxygen levels, leading to suffocation and death of fish (ii) Accumulation of toxic substances, such as heavy metals, causing poisoning and disease in fish (iii) Increased turbidity, reducing light penetration and photosynthesis, affecting the entire aquatic ecosystem (iv) Eutrophication, leading to excessive algal growth and depletion of oxygen (v) Disruption of the aquatic food chain, affecting the overall health and productivity of the pond (vi) Increased susceptibility to diseases and infections due to weakened immune systems of fish (3ci) (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Inlet valve or pipe (ii) Outlet valve or pipe (iii) Sluice gates (iv) Overflow structures (v) Water pumps (3cii) (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Inlet valve/pipe: Regulate the inflow of water into the pond (i) Outlet valve/pipe: Control the outflow of water from the pond (iii) Sluice gates: Manage the water level and prevent flooding or draining of the pond (iv) Overflow structures: Divert excess water during heavy rainfall to prevent pond overflow (v) Water pumps: Move water in and out of the pond, allowing for water exchange and circulation.

*DATA PROCESSING* (5a) Creating new table: (i)Open Microsoft Access. (ii)Click on the "Create" tab. (iii)Select "Table Design" from the options. (iv)Define the fields and their properties in the design view. (v)Save the table by giving it a name and clicking "Save." (5b) generating a query: (i)Open Microsoft Access. (ii)Navigate to the "Create" tab. (iii)Click on "Query Design." (iv)Select the tables or queries you want to include in your query. (v)Choose the fields you want to include in your query. (vi)Optionally, specify criteria and sorting for the selected fields. (vii)Run and save the query. (5c) Creating a split Form: (i)open MS access and Design your form layout. (ii)Save the form. (iii)Open the form in Layout View. (iv)Choose "Split Form" from the Ribbon. (v)Optionally adjust the layout as needed (5d) Printing a report (i)open Ms Access and Design or select the report. (ii)Preview the report to ensure it looks correct. (iii)Access the "Print" dialog. (iv)Choose the desired printer and settings. (v)Click "Print" to print the report.

(v) Dehorning can promote social harmony within the herd by reducing aggression and dominance-related behaviors associated with horned individuals, leading to a more peaceful and cohesive social structure.

*ANIMAL HUSBANDRY* (1a) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Cattle primarily eat plants, while poultry eat both plants and insects. (ii) Cattle have a complex stomach with four compartments, whereas poultry have a simpler, single-compartment stomach. (iii) Cattle use microbial fermentation in their stomach to digest tough plant material, while poultry rely more on mechanical digestion and enzyme breakdown. (iv) Cattle have a special stomach chamber where microbes help break down tough plant fibers, but poultry lack this chamber. (v) Cattle have enzymes for breaking down plant material, whereas poultry have enzymes adapted for grains and seeds. (vi) Food moves through the digestive system slower in cattle due to microbial fermentation, whereas in poultry, digestion is quicker. (vii) Cattle need more water for digestion because of their fermentation process, while poultry have lower water requirements. (viii) Cattle absorb nutrients from plants mainly in their stomach and small intestine, while poultry absorb nutrients mostly in their small intestine. (1b) Proper pasture management. Regular deworming. Rotational grazing. Maintaining good hygiene. Feeding balanced diets. Selecting resistant breeds. (1c) (i) Selective Breeding Programs: Establishing selective breeding programs aimed at enhancing desirable traits in local breeds can lead to significant improvements. (ii) Crossbreeding: Introducing genetics from well-adapted exotic breeds into local populations through controlled crossbreeding can help introduce beneficial traits such as higher milk or meat yields, improved growth rates, or enhanced disease resistance. (iii) Genetic Selection Using Molecular Techniques: Advancements in molecular genetics have made it possible to identify specific genes associated with desirable traits. (iv) Improved Nutrition and Management Practices: Enhancing nutrition and management practices can contribute to the improvement of local breeds by optimizing their growth, reproduction, and overall health. (v) Community-Based Breeding Programs: Engaging local communities in breeding programs can facilitate the conservation and improvement of indigenous breeds. (1di) Creep Feeding: (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Creep feeding allows young animals, such as calves or lambs, to have access to additional nutrients beyond what they can obtain from their mothers' milk alone. (ii) By providing a separate feeding area accessible only to young animals, creep feeding reduces competition for food among different age groups or sizes of animals within the herd or flock. (iii) Creep feeding can facilitate early weaning by providing supplemental nutrition to young animals, allowing them to transition from milk to solid feed more smoothly and at an earlier age. (iv) Ensuring that young animals receive adequate nutrition through creep feeding can contribute to better body condition, overall health, and resilience to diseases and environmental stressors. (v) Creep feeding can optimize production efficiency by maximizing the genetic potential for growth in young animals, leading to higher productivity and profitability for producers. (1dii) Dehorning: (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Dehorning removes the horns or horn buds from animals, reducing the risk of injuries to both other animals and handlers caused by horn-related aggression or accidental contact. (ii) Dehorning animals can enhance handling and safety during routine management practices, such as feeding, milking, or veterinary procedures, by eliminating the risk of horn-related injuries to personnel. (iii) Dehorning reduces the likelihood of equipment or other facility damage, leading to lower maintenance costs and improved infrastructure longevity. (iv) Dehorning can enhance the marketability of animals by improving their appearance and reducing potential buyer concerns about safety and handling issues associated with horned animals.

*FISHERIES* (1a) (i) Fishing Gear: Fishing gear refers to the equipment, tools, and devices used by fishermen to catch fish or other aquatic organisms, including nets, lines, hooks, traps, spears, harpoons, and dredges. (ii) Fishing Craft: Fishing craft refers to the vessels or boats used by fishermen to conduct fishing operations, including trawlers, longliners, purse seiners, trollers, and dories. (1b) (i) Total or complete cropping: The pond is totally drained and appropriate gear used to harvest all fish. (ii) Partial cropping: The pond may be partially drained and appropriate gear used to harvest some of the fish (1c) (PICK ANY SIX) (i) Selection of broodstock (ii) Hormone injection (iii) Hormonal induction (iv) Spawning (v) Egg collection (vi) Egg disinfection (vii) Fertilization (viii) Incubation (ix) Larval rearing (x) Weaning (xi) Pond or tank management (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Male fish generally have brighter coloration than females. (ii) Males have a more streamlined body shape compared to females. (iii) Females usually have a larger and more rounded abdomen than males. (iv) Male fish often develop specialized reproductive structures such as tubercles or breeding tubercles. (v) The anal fin of males may be more elongated and pointed compared to females. (vi) The genital papilla of males is typically more pronounced and pointed than that of females.

Electrical Installation (3a) (i) Core (ii) Windings (iii) Commutator (iv) Shaft (3b) (i) Yoke: Provides a path for the magnetic flux, supporting the field poles and armature. (ii) Brush: Conducts current between stationary wires and moving parts, such as the commutator in a DC generator. (3c) (i) Insulation resistance test (ii) Continuity test Electrical Installation (2a) (i) Lead dioxide (PbO2) (ii) sponge lead (Pb) (iii) sulfuric acid (H2SO4). (2aii) (i) Local action: Occurs when impurities in the lead plate react with the electrolyte, causing self-discharge and reducing battery capacity. (ii) Polarization: Happens when hydrogen gas bubbles form on the negative plate, hindering the chemical reaction and reducing battery efficiency. (2aiii) (i) Low voltage output. (ii) Diminished electrolyte level. (iii) Reduced specific gravity of the electrolyte. (2b) (2bi) Parts of a high breaking capacity fuse: (i) Fuse element (ii) Fuse holder (2bii) (i) Enhanced safety by quickly interrupting high fault currents, preventing damage to equipment and potential hazards. (ii) Increased reliability by effectively protecting electrical circuits from overcurrent conditions. (iii) Versatility in various applications due to the ability to handle high fault currents without nuisance tripping.

*2024 WAEC FISHERIES* *NUMBER 6* (6a) (i) Float: Keeps the top of the net buoyant, preventing it from sinking. (ii) Sinker: Helps the net sink to the desired depth underwater. (iii) Netting: Forms the main body of the net, capturing fish as they swim into it. (iv) Float rope: Attaches the floats to the top of the net, aiding in keeping it afloat and visible. (v) Head rope: Secures the top of the net and provides stability during deployment and retrieval. (6b) (i) Trawler (ii) Longliner (iii) Purse seiner (iv) Gillnetter (v) Drift netter (6c) Making a fish pond involves several steps. Firstly, select a suitable site with access to water and good drainage. Excavate the area to the desired shape and depth, ensuring proper water circulation. Line the pond with a waterproof material like clay or synthetic liners to prevent water seepage. Fill the pond with water and stock it with fish species suited to the environment. Lastly, manage the pond by monitoring water quality, feeding the fish, and controlling pests and predators. (6d) (ii) Aeration systems: Such as aerators or air diffusers to maintain oxygen levels in the water. (ii) Pond liners: To prevent water seepage and maintain water levels. (iii) Fish feed: Pellets or formulated feed to provide proper nutrition to the fish. (iv) Nets and traps: For harvesting fish or controlling unwanted species within the pond.

FISHERY. (1a) (i) Fishing Gear: Tools for fishing like rods, nets, and lures. (ii) Fishing Craft: Boats used for fishing activities. (1b) (i) Partial Harvesting: This involves selectively harvesting mature fish from the pond while leaving some behind to continue growing. It allows for continuous production over time. (ii) Complete Harvesting: In this method, all the fish in the pond are harvested at once. After harvesting, the pond is usually drained, cleaned, and restocked with new fish. (1c) (i) Select Broodstock: Pick healthy, mature fish. (ii) Administer Hormones: Stimulate spawning. (iii) Collect Eggs and Sperm: From selected fish. (iv) Fertilize Eggs: Combine eggs and sperm. (v) Incubate: Hatch eggs in controlled conditions. (vi) Manage Hatchery: Care for larvae until mature. (1d) (i) Appearance: Males and females look different. (ii) Reproductive Organs: Females have ovaries, males have testes. (iii) Secondary Traits: Males may have distinct markings or features during breeding.

Data bonus (5a) Create a table with Table Design (i) Select Create > Table Design. (ii) In the new table, for the first field, enter a field name and a data type. (iii) To set the primary key for the table, select the Field Name cell for the appropriate field and then select Primary Key. (iv) Select File > Save, and name the table. (5b) Create a select query Create a query to focus on specific data. (i) Select Create > Query Wizard . (ii) Select Simple Query, and then OK. (iii) Select the table that contains the field, add the Available Fields you want to Selected Fields, and select Next. (iv) Choose whether you want to open the query in Datasheet view or modify the query in Design view, and then select Finish. (5c) Create a new split form by using the Split Form tool (i) In the Navigation Pane, click the table or query that contains the data that you want on your form. Or, open the table or query in Datasheet view. (ii) On the Create tab, in the Forms group, click More Forms, and then click Split Form. (5d) In the Navigation Pane, select the report that you want to print. Click File and then click Print. On the Print area of the File options, click the Print option to open the Print dialog box. Change the page format setup or other print options or printer selection as needed, and then click OK to print your report.

*ANIMAL HUSBANDRY* (6ai) physiological status: Physiological status of farm animals, such as whether they are pregnant, lactating, growing, or in maintenance, significantly influences their nutrient requirements. (6aii) Age: Age directly impacts the nutrient requirements and digestive capacity of farm animals. Young animals have higher nutrient needs for growth and development compared to mature animals (6aiii) Nutrient composition of feedstuff: Formulating feeds based on the nutrient composition of feedstuff ensures that animals receive balanced diets that meet their specific nutrient requirements. (6b) (PICK ANY FIVE) (i)process of slaughtering (ii) undergoes dressing (iii)Cutting and Boning (iv)transforming raw meat into value-added products (v)Packaging using appropriate materials (vi)Storage and Distribution (6c) (i)selection: selection refers to the process of choosing animals with desirable traits for breeding purposes, with the goal of improving the overall genetic quality of the herd or flock. (ii)Pasture: Pasture is an area of land covered with grasses, legumes, or other forage crops that is utilized for grazing by livestock. (iii)Artificial Insemination: Artificial insemination (AI) is a reproductive technology used in animal production to breed livestock without natural mating (6d) (PICK ANY THREE) (i)meat (ii)Pelts (iii)Manure (iv)Pets