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RESEARCH SOURCES, PLAGIARISM AND DESIGNS Sources of data for a research are classified as primary or secondary sources. A. Primary sources include # Questionnaire # Interviews # Observations # Structured group discussions or focus group discussion # Informal conversations # participant observation B. Secondary sources include * Journal books * Textbooks * Specialist books * Magazine articles * Conference papers * Government reports * Web pages * Acts of parliament * Company or industry reports * Research papers Plagiarism When does your paper contain plagiarism? Plagiarism involves 1. Intentionally copying/using someone's ideas or words or statements without acknowledge them (with no proper citation). 2. Cutting/copying and pasting text or note from internet and using as your own work. 3. Purchasing someone's work and describing it as your own work. 4. Citing a source but reproducing the exact word/Statement without quotation marks. 5. Borrowing the structure of another author's phrases/sentences without giving the source. 6. Borrowing all or part of another paper. Note that plagiarism above 20% is not allowed for Masters thesis paper and above 35% is not permitted for PhD dissertation paper. Research designs + Research design is an arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data based on purpose of the study. + It constitutes the blue print for the collection, measurement and analysis of data aimed at answering specific research questions. + There are different research designs. + The selection of a research design depends on its purpose. + Some of commonly mentioned research designs are:        Qualitative Designs Phenomonology Ethnography  Historical            Quantitative Experimental Cross-sectional Cohort Explanatory Quasi-experimental Descriptive 1. Descriptive research design # It emphasis on determining the frequency with which something occurs or the extent to which two variables are correlated. # It tries to discover answers to the question who, what, when, where, and sometimes how. # It clearly describes a situation or behavior obtained at a particular time. 2. Explanatory research design @ It investigates whether the value of one variable causes or determines the value of other variable. @ It assesses relationship between variables in order to explain certain problems or events. @ It attempts go explain the reasons for the phenomenon. @ It uses theories or hypotheses to study about forces that  caused a certain phenomenon to occur. @ It focuses on relationship between variables. @ It uses different models of relationship. 3. Experimental research design = It focuses on testing the change of variables by considering at least two groups (both experimental. = It usually involves practical measurement of data using various methods. = It is based on the principle of randomization. That is, to be representative, experiments should be done on random samples. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM © Statement of the problem needs to discuss the practical problems that you have observed or get in the form of feedback concerning the topic that you are interested in doing the investigation. © In addition, you need to do an empirical review related to your topic and identify the gap that needs to be filled. Research gap/ literature gap @ It is based on review of theoretical and empirical literature. @ Research gap refers to: ® Unavailability of studies on the issue of the study. ® Presence of very few studies on the issue under study. ® Lack of outdated studies on the issue of study. ® Due to conflicting findings on the issue under investigation. ® Practical problems noticed in an entity with no explanation of it in the empirical studies. Conceptual framework Conceptual/theoretical framework of the study indicates the relationship   between variables. The conceptual framework should show a diagrammatically demonstration of the relationship between the Independent and dependent variables. የማማከር አገልግሎት እንሰጣለን

Our consultant services and support የማማከር አገልግሎቶች @ Thesis and research graduates including MA, MSC, MBA, BA, BSC Tittle Selection Proposal preparation Case Study Data Analysis by Softwares Seminar Paper Power Point SPSS and STATA analysis Comment correction Research editing Literature reviews Mini research Data analysis and interpretation Plagiarism checking plan project Business proposals Software training Reliability test Correlation analysis Regression analysis Regression assumption tests or diagnosis tests including ✅linearity test ✅normality test ✅multicollinearity test ✅Homoscedasticity test ✅ANOVA ✅MODEL SUMMARY ✅hypothesis testing @ Other academic services Article review Any Assignment Term papers Case studies & case Analysis project work business  plan project Business proposals Software training Common Thesis Defense Questions You Should Be Prepared For Defense. 1. The most common question you may be asked is what you learned from the study you have done. You have to sum up your entire study in a few sentences and remember the technical terms you have mentioned in your research because that is what your examiner wants to hear from you. 2. The next question to follow by default is why you chose this particular topic or what your Inspiration behind this study?. This is one of the trickiest questions as you have to prove your convenience power to the panel of the teachers that what you did is valuable for the society and was worth their time. 3. What is the importance of your study or how will it contribute or add up to the existing body of knowledge? 4. You may be asked to summarize your key findings of the research. 5. What type of background research have you done for the study? 6. What are the limitations you have faced while writing? 7, Why did you choose this particular method or sample for the study? 8. What will you include if you are told to add something extra to the study? 9. What are the recommendations of your study?? 10, Who formed your sample and why did you select this particular age group? 11. What was your hypothesis and how did you frame it? 12. If given a chance, would like to do something different with your work? 13. What are the limitations you faced while dealing with your samples? 14. How did you relate your study to the existing theories? 15. What is the future scope of this study? 16. What do you plan to do with your work after you have completed your degree? 17. are the research variables you used? 18. Do you have any questions to be asked? 19. Did you evaluate your work? 20. How would you Improve your work? Please share for others to get more academic issues በቅንነት ለሌሎች ያጋሩ Telegram channel https://t.me/Success_Research_Consultant @success1000research 0920256875 0918533959

References style The references should be arranged alphabetically by author,s last name then chronologically per author Publication by the same author (s) in the same year should be listed by year followed by the letters a, b, c, etc (e.g 2002a, 2002b, 2002c.) 1. Journal article Examples: Shukla, G.K. (1972). Some statistical aspects of partitioning genotype environmental components of variability. Heredity 29: 237 - 245. 2. For books Author(s), year of publication (in parentheses), title of the book (bold), publisher and place of publication. Example Steel, R.G and Torrie, J. H. (1980). Principles and producers of statistics. McGraw - Hill, New York. Pages in a publication prepared by one or more editors Author (s), year of publication (in parentheses), title of the publication, name of the publication (bold), pages, editors (in parentheses), publisher, place of publication Example Lechevalier, M.P and Lechevalier, H.A. (1980). The chemo - taxonomy of Actinomycetes. In: Actinomycete taxonomy society for industrial micro biology (blood), pp. 227 - 291 +Dietz, X and Thayer, Y., eds.). Arling - ton, VA. 3. Proceedings Author (s), year of publication (in parenthesis) , Title of the publication, Name of the proceeding (Bold font), pages, place (City/town, Country) Example Eshetu Dereso, Teame Geberagi and Girma Adugna (2000). Significance of minor disease of Coffee arabica in Ethiopia. In: Proceeding of work shop on control of Coffee Berry disease (CBD) in Ethiopia, pp. 35 - 46, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia. 4. For a thesis Author (s), year of publication (in parentheses), title of the thesis, type (MSc or PhD), University, Country. Example Alberts, M.J.A. (2004). A comparasion of statistical methods of to describe genotype X environment interaction and yield stability in multi - location maize trials. M. Sc. Thesis, University of the Free State, South Africa. 5.Web references Toni, R.L and Culvert, L.L. (2003). Safer Hospital stay and Reducing hospital - Born infections. Heslth Scout News. http://www. healthscout.com, (accessed January 9, 2010). የመመረቂያ ጥናት ወይም Research እየሰራችሁ መመረቂያ ጥናታችሁን በአግባቡ ለመስራት እንድትችሉ እንመክራለን። 1. How to find Research Title and Gap. 2. How to build Research Proposal. 3. How to construct Literature Review. 4. How to build Research Methodology. 5. How to form Econometrics Model. 6. How to Interpret Research Finding. 7. Grammar and Plagiarism Checking. ድጋፍ (Advice) እንፈልጋለን የምትሉ Contact via https://t.me/Success_Research_Consultant @success1000research Phone:- 0920256875

contribution it will make the field in general. The literature review helps inform and set up your theoretical framework, methodology and research design. Theoretical/Conceptual/ framework Drawing on the different theories/Concepts/ you have identified in your literature review, you need to identify which theoretical approach (or approaches) will be employed in your research and why. 1.10 Methodology ➢ Research methods are the procedures that will be used to collect and analyze data. ➢ It focuses on what type of methods is more suitable to collect and analyze the evidence needed. ➢ It depends on the research design. ➢ Some proposals distinguish between methodology (the why of how you will gather your data) and the method or research design (the how). ➢ In discussing the methodology, you need to draw on reviewed literature and consider the different methodological approaches used. Your methodology may include your research paradigm and epistemologies that underpin your research and your rationale for this. ➢ In this section, it is vital to include the following subheadings while expanding on them in as much detail as possible. 1.10.1 Research design Research design is the overall structure of the research. Focuses on what type of study is planned and what kind of result are expected from the research. It is based on the research question or problem. Include the proposed research design of the study, whether it is a survey, experiment, observation, secondary data of analysis, etc. Then, explain how this design will derive results. Briefly discuss how the data will be administered and collected, including how the subjects will participate in the study. Also, briefly discuss which theoretical model will guide this study and what the model predicts will be the results of the study. እናማክራለን/Consultant service ለጥናትና ምርምር ስራዎ የማማከር አገልግሎት እንሰጣለን። For college and University students (Degree, Masters and PhD programs), if you need support on academic tasks such as: # Title selection # title description and concept note # Research  proposal # Research for graduation # Mini research # Data analysis, interpretation and report writing # Article reviews # Term paper preparation #  Case studies # Project work # Business  plan # Project  proposals # Data analysis using (SPSS, STATA, ...) and others, # Training on research methods, analysis softwares and others. # Research comment corrections # Data validity, assumption tests, pilot study and questionnaires # Sampling designs contact via 0920256875 0918533959 Telegram Account https://t.me/Success_Research_Consultant @success100research @rese100arch        እናማክራለን!!!

Nice Proposal template RESEARCH PROPOSAL TEMPLATE GUIDELINE TEMPLATE TO WRITE A RESEARCH PROPOSAL Title Your title should answer the question: What is your research about? It should be a short, concise phrase. Narrow down to the specific area to manage in terms of resources 1.1 Background The background explains in detail several components of the experiment that must be included in any proposal. After reading the introduction, the reader should conclude why the experimenter is conducting the research and how this research will affect the academic community and society at large. It is sufficient to grab the reader’s attention, introduce the topic at hand, and provide a brief definition of the theory from which the study is based. In some proposals, the introduction and background are separate; in others they serve the same purpose and are combined. Both an introduction and background section outlines why you chose your topic. The section should include: • what prompted your interest in the topic • relevance to previous research (literature) • what your research will contribute to the research and the field 1.2 Statement of the problem The “Statement of the Problem” is an imperative part of the proposal, in order for research to be conducted; one must notice a problem in the existing literature that has not been previously addressed. For this section, the following questions should be answered: • Why does this research study need to be conducted? • What specific issues does this study raise that have not been observed in other literature pertaining to the topic? Answering these questions will allow readers to understand why this particular study is important and how the study will attempt to answer new, never-before asked questions. In this section state how the problem is very serious. Refer literature Quote research conducted previously. Include policy issues with regards of your title and your personal experiences and observation. 1.3 Basic Research questions • What are the research questions you are trying to find the answer to? • Frame 3-5 basic research questions 1.4 Objective of the research. 1.4.1 General objective 1.4.2 Specific objectives 1.5 Delimitation of the study Delimitation means scope of your study. Indicate the areas you are going to study and the issues to be included. 1.6 Limitation of the study In this section explain the problems that you will face while conducting the research. 1.7 Organization of the study Indicate in order the chapters and their detail information under each chapter. 1.8 Definition of key terms It is essential that one defines the central ideas or concepts of the research study. Therefore, carefully define each concept/variable that will be used in the study, citing other research studies as much as needed. List each term, italicize it, and use a hyphen to define the term. Define the terms which you consider very critical to your research and indicate the source. Besides, add your own definition that elaborates your research 1.9 Literature review The literature review for a research proposal may draw on a detailed review that you have already conducted, or may be specific to the development of your proposal. Your literature review needs to demonstrate that you have read broadly on the topic and its wider context. It should highlight trends in the literature relating to your research topic, including research areas, methodology, theoretical approaches and findings. Information such as where the literature is mainly coming from, or countries/areas that it is focused on could be considered. Your review should outline some of the limitations and/or gaps in the literature that you have identified (a critique). You need to draw on your literature review to justify your own research. Indicate the gaps your research is addressing and note the original

Research analysis methods የትኛው አይነት የሪሰርች ጥያቄ (research question) ወይም Dependent Variable ምን አይነት Analysis ያስፈልጋል ብለን ስንመለከት ፣ 1. Dependent Variable በቁጥር የሚገለጽ(Numerical variable) ከሆነ በብዛት የሚንጠቀምበት Analysis models:- 🔢 bivariate correlation (Pearson, partial etc..) 🔢 Linear regression( simple, multiple LR) 🔢 t- tests (one sample, paired, independent t test) 🔢 ANOVA (one way, two way, ANCOVA, MANOVA...) የሚባሉ ሞዴሎች ስሆን እያንደንዱን በስፈት እንመለከታለን ፣ 2. Dependent variable Categorical ከሆነ ⏸ chi square test ⏸ Logistic regression( BLR, MLR, OLR) በአብዛኛው ጊዜ የሚንጠቀምባቸው ናቸው፣ እናማክራለን/Consultant service ለጥናትና ምርምር ስራዎ የማማከር አገልግሎት እንሰጣለን። For college and University students (Degree, Masters and PhD programs), if you need support on academic tasks such as: # Title selection # title description and concept note # Research  proposal # Research for graduation # Mini research # Data analysis, interpretation and report writing # Article reviews # Term paper preparation #  Case studies # Project work # Business  plan # Project  proposals # Data analysis using (SPSS, STATA, ...) and others, # Training on research methods, analysis softwares and others. # Research comment corrections # Data validity, assumption tests, pilot study and questionnaires # Sampling designs contact via 0920256875 0918533959 Telegram Account https://t.me/Success_Research_Consultant @success100research @rese100arch እናማክራለን!!!

Notice on Regression diagnostic  Multiple regression assumptions diagnostic How can we test regression assumptions? Before performing regression analysis, it is important to check regression assumptions like multicollinerity, normality, linearity, autocorrelation, and homoskasticity. 1. Normally distribution It refers to the normal distribution of residuals or error terms. It can be tested using either graphical methods by histogram, predicted probability (p-p) plots and plotted points or statistical methods by using kurtosis and skewness values. Statistical methods are better than graphical methods. A data is normally distributed when the skewness and kurtosis values are between -2 and 2. 2. Multicollinearity It refers to the relationship between independent variables or predictors. That is, predictors should not be highly correlated. It can be checked by using either correlation coefficient between independent variables, using Tolerance and variance inflation factors (VIF) values of variables or eigenvalue values. That is, there is no multicollinearity among independent variables (multicollinearity assumption is not violated) if the correlation coefficient is less than 0.8 or tolerance is above 0.1 and VIF is below 5. 3. Linearity It refers to the linear relationship between independent and outcome variables. In a scatter plot, linearity can be checked if points conform to a diagonal fitted line. If the assumption of multicollinearity and normality are not violated, don't worry about linearity. 4. Homoscedasticity Homoscedasticity refers to the constant variance of error terms. Its opposite is heteroscedasticity. If it fails (heteroscedastic), additional predictors are required to explain results, or transform the data using logarithm, square root, .... Homoscedastic if residuals evenly distributed between -2 and 2. 5. Autocorrelation It refers to independence of observation. The independent variable is said to be autocorrelated when the current value of Y is dependent on its previous value. It can be checked by using Durbin-Watson test (DW). If DW = 2 or approaches to 2, there is no autocorrelation. እናማክራለን For college and University students (Degree, Masters and PhD programs), if you need support on academic tasks such as: # article reviews # term papers #  Case studies # project work Research related tasks # title selection # title description and concept note # research  proposal # Research for graduation # Mini research # business  plan # project  proposals # Data analysis (SPSS, STATA, ...) and others, Please join and share this telegram channel for your friends honestly. እባክወን ለጓደኛዎ በቀናነት ያጋሩ https://t.me/Success_Research_Consultant contact on 0920256875 0918533959 Telegram Account @success100research @rese100arch እናማክራለን

Probability and non probability sampling techniques 🍏Probability  sampling techniques involve selecting a sample from a population using a method that gives each member of the population an equal chance of being selected. Some common probability sampling techniques include: 🍏Simple random sampling: This involves selecting a sample at random from the population, where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. 🍏Systematic sampling: This involves selecting a sample by choosing every nth member of the population, where n is a fixed interval calculated by dividing the population size by the desired sample size. 🍏Stratified sampling: This involves dividing the population into subgroups based on certain characteristics, and then selecting a sample from each subgroup in proportion to its size in the population. 🍏Cluster sampling: This involves dividing the population into clusters or groups, and then selecting a random sample of clusters to be included in the study. All individuals within the selected clusters are then included in the sample. ✍️On the other hand, non-probability sampling techniques do not involve random selection of participants. Instead, the selection of participants is based on other factors, such as availability, willingness to participate, or the researcher's judgment. Some common non-probability sampling techniques include: ✍️Convenience sampling: This involves selecting participants who are easily accessible or available at the time of the study. ✍️Quota sampling: This involves selecting participants to ensure that the sample has the same proportions of certain characteristics as the population. ✍️Purposive sampling: This involves selecting participants based on specific criteria, such as their expertise or experience relevant to the research question. ✍️Snowball sampling: This involves selecting participants through referrals from other participants in the study. እናማክራለን/Consultant service ለጥናትና ምርምር ስራዎ የማማከር አገልግሎት እንሰጣለን። For college and University students (Degree, Masters and PhD programs), if you need support on academic tasks such as: # Title selection # title description and concept note # Research  proposal # Research for graduation # Mini research # Data analysis, interpretation and report writing # Article reviews # Term paper preparation #  Case studies # Project work # Business  plan # Project  proposals # Data analysis using (SPSS, STATA, ...) and others, # Training on research methods, analysis softwares and others. # Research comment corrections # Data validity, assumption tests, pilot study and questionnaires # Sampling designs contact via 0920256875 0918533959 Telegram Account https://t.me/Success_Research_Consultant @success100research @rese100arch        እናማክራለን!!!

References style The references should be arranged alphabetically  by author,s last name then chronologically per author Publication by the same author (s) in the same year should be listed by year followed by the letters a, b, c, etc (e.g 2002a, 2002b, 2002c.) 1. Journal article Examples: Shukla, G.K. (1972). Some statistical aspects of partitioning genotype environmental components of variability. Heredity 29: 237 - 245. 2. For books Author(s), year of publication (in parentheses), title of the book (bold), publisher and place of publication. Example Steel, R.G and Torrie, J. H. (1980). Principles and producers of statistics. McGraw - Hill, New York. Pages in a publication prepared by one or more editors Author (s), year of publication (in parentheses), title of the publication, name of the publication (bold), pages, editors (in parentheses), publisher, place of publication Example Lechevalier, M.P and Lechevalier, H.A. (1980). The chemo - taxonomy of Actinomycetes. In: Actinomycete taxonomy society for industrial micro biology (blood), pp. 227 - 291 +Dietz, X and Thayer, Y., eds.). Arling - ton, VA. 3. Proceedings Author (s), year of publication (in parenthesis) , Title of the publication, Name of the proceeding (Bold font), pages, place (City/town, Country) Example Eshetu Dereso, Teame Geberagi and Girma Adugna (2000). Significance of minor disease of Coffee arabica in Ethiopia. In: Proceeding of work shop on control of Coffee Berry disease (CBD) in Ethiopia, pp. 35 - 46, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia. 4. For a thesis Author (s), year of publication (in parentheses), title of the thesis, type (MSc or PhD), University, Country. Example Alberts, M.J.A. (2004). A comparasion of statistical methods of to describe genotype X environment interaction and yield stability in multi - location maize trials. M. Sc. Thesis, University of the Free State, South Africa. 5.Web references Toni, R.L and Culvert, L.L. (2003). Safer Hospital stay and Reducing hospital - Born infections. Heslth Scout News. http://www.     healthscout.com, (accessed January 9, 2010). ለጥናትና ምርምርዎ እገዛ ይፈልጋሉ?     አዎ ከሆነ መልስዎ! በመንግስትም ሆነ በግል ዩኒቨርሲቲ/ኮሌጅ በዲግሪ እና በማስተርስ ፕሮግራም ለምትማሩ እና ትምህርታችሁን ጨርሳችሁ የምርቃት ጊዜያችሁን በጉጉት ለምትጠብቁ ሁሉ ስለ ጥናትና ምርምር በቂ እዉቀትን በመያዝ የመመረቂያ ፅሁፋችሁን ተመራጭ እና ተወዳጅ አድርጋችሁ በመስራት በጥሩ ዉጤት ትመረቁ  ዘንድ እናግዝዎታለን፡፡ ማለትም:- 1 Title selection and concept note 2 Research 3 Proposal 4 Term Paper 5 Case study 6 Article Review 7  Mini research Contact via @ 0918533959 0920256875 success100research https://t.me/Success_Research_Consultant በቴሌግራን አካውንት ያግኙን

RESEARCH SOURCES, PLAGIARISM AND DESIGNS Sources of data for a research are classified as primary or secondary sources. A. Primary sources include # Questionnaire # Interviews # Observations # Structured group discussions or focus group discussion # Informal conversations # participant observation B. Secondary sources include * Journal books * Textbooks * Specialist books * Magazine articles * Conference papers * Government reports * Web pages * Acts of parliament * Company or industry reports * Research papers Plagiarism When does your paper contain plagiarism? Plagiarism involves 1. Intentionally copying/using someone's ideas or words or statements without acknowledge them (with no proper citation). 2. Cutting/copying and pasting text or note from internet and using as your own work. 3. Purchasing someone's work and describing it as your own work. 4. Citing a source but reproducing the exact word/Statement without quotation marks. 5. Borrowing the structure of another author's phrases/sentences without giving the source. 6. Borrowing all or part of another paper. Note that plagiarism above 20% is not allowed for Masters thesis paper and above 35% is not permitted for PhD dissertation paper. Research designs + Research design is an arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data based on purpose of the study. + It constitutes the blue print for the collection, measurement and analysis of data aimed at answering specific research questions. + There are different research designs. + The selection of a research design depends on its purpose. + Some of commonly mentioned research designs are:        Qualitative Designs Phenomonology Ethnography  Historical            Quantitative Experimental Cross-sectional Cohort Explanatory Quasi-experimental Descriptive 1. Descriptive research design # It emphasis on determining the frequency with which something occurs or the extent to which two variables are correlated. # It tries to discover answers to the question who, what, when, where, and sometimes how. # It clearly describes a situation or behavior obtained at a particular time. 2. Explanatory research design @ It investigates whether the value of one variable causes or determines the value of other variable. @ It assesses relationship between variables in order to explain certain problems or events. @ It attempts go explain the reasons for the phenomenon. @ It uses theories or hypotheses to study about forces that  caused a certain phenomenon to occur. @ It focuses on relationship between variables. @ It uses different models of relationship. 3. Experimental research design = It focuses on testing the change of variables by considering at least two groups (both experimental. = It usually involves practical measurement of data using various methods. = It is based on the principle of randomization. That is, to be representative, experiments should be done on random samples. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM © Statement of the problem needs to discuss the practical problems that you have observed or get in the form of feedback concerning the topic that you are interested in doing the investigation. © In addition, you need to do an empirical review related to your topic and identify the gap that needs to be filled. Research gap/ literature gap @ It is based on review of theoretical and empirical literature. @ Research gap refers to: ® Unavailability of studies on the issue of the study. ® Presence of very few studies on the issue under study. ® Lack of outdated studies on the issue of study. ® Due to conflicting findings on the issue under investigation. ® Practical problems noticed in an entity with no explanation of it in the empirical studies. Conceptual framework Conceptual/theoretical framework of the study indicates the relationship   between variables. The conceptual framework should show a diagrammatically demonstration of the relationship between the Independent and dependent variables. የማማከር አገልግሎት እንሰጣለን