Eastern Ethiopian Research and statistical Software analysis association 🧬💰🩺💊 🌍👨‍👩‍👧

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📈Test normality in R📉 To test normality in R, you can use both statistical tests and visual methods. I’ll show you the most common and reliable ones step by step. 1️⃣ Shapiro-Wilk Test (Most commonly used) Best for small to medium samples (n < 5000). Syntax: shapiro.test(your_data) Example: data <- c(160, 162, 165, 170, 168, 164, 163) shapiro.test(data) Interpretation: p > 0.05 → Data is normally distributed p ≤ 0.05 → Data is NOT normal 2️⃣ Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test (KS test) Used for large samples, but less powerful for normality. Syntax: ks.test(your_data, "pnorm", mean(your_data), sd(your_data)) Example: ks.test(data, "pnorm", mean(data), sd(data)) 3️⃣ Anderson-Darling Test (Very powerful) You need to install a package. Install & run: install.packages("nortest") library(nortest) ad.test(data) 4️⃣ Visual Methods (Highly Recommended) A) Histogram hist(data, breaks = 10, col = "skyblue", main = "Histogram") B) Q-Q Plot (Very important) qqnorm(data) qqline(data, col = "red") If points follow the straight line → data is normal. 5️⃣ Best Practice Always use: ✅ Shapiro-Wilk test ✅ Q-Q plot ✅ Histogram Together for correct decision.

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No one ever told me this: depending on others is the fastest way to lose everything. I learned it by failing—again and again. But there’s a way to break the cycle. Want to know the rule everyone ignores? 👉 Find out here #ad InsideAds Free Subscribers

No one ever told me this: depending on others is the fastest way to lose everything. I learned it by failing—again and again. But there’s a way to break the cycle. Want to know the rule everyone ignores? 👉 Find out here #ad InsideAds Free Subscribers

No one ever told me this: depending on others is the fastest way to lose everything. I learned it by failing—again and again. But there’s a way to break the cycle. Want to know the rule everyone ignores? 👉 Find out here #ad InsideAds Free Subscribers

No one ever told me this: depending on others is the fastest way to lose everything. I learned it by failing—again and again. But there’s a way to break the cycle. Want to know the rule everyone ignores? 👉 Find out here #ad InsideAds Free Subscribers

No one ever told me this: depending on others is the fastest way to lose everything. I learned it by failing—again and again. But there’s a way to break the cycle. Want to know the rule everyone ignores? 👉 Find out here #ad InsideAds Free Subscribers

No one ever told me this: depending on others is the fastest way to lose everything. I learned it by failing—again and again. But there’s a way to break the cycle. Want to know the rule everyone ignores? 👉 Find out here #ad InsideAds Free Subscribers

No one ever told me this: depending on others is the fastest way to lose everything. I learned it by failing—again and again. But there’s a way to break the cycle. Want to know the rule everyone ignores? 👉 Find out here #ad InsideAds Free Subscribers

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No one ever told me this: depending on others is the fastest way to lose everything. I learned it by failing—again and again. But there’s a way to break the cycle. Want to know the rule everyone ignores? 👉 Find out here #ad InsideAds Free Subscribers

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No one ever told me this: depending on others is the fastest way to lose everything. I learned it by failing—again and again. But there’s a way to break the cycle. Want to know the rule everyone ignores? 👉 Find out here #ad InsideAds Free Subscribers

No one ever told me this: depending on others is the fastest way to lose everything. I learned it by failing—again and again. But there’s a way to break the cycle. Want to know the rule everyone ignores? 👉 Find out here #ad InsideAds Free Subscribers