JavaScript

function createCounter() {
  let count = 0;
  return function(increment = 1) {
    count += increment;
    return count;
  };
}

const counter1 = createCounter();
const counter2 = createCounter();

console.log(counter1());
console.log(counter1(5));
console.log(counter2(3));
console.log(counter1());
console.log(counter2());

const getValue = (x) => {
  console.log(`Getting: ${x}`);
  return x;
};

const obj = { name: null };

const result = obj.name || getValue('default') && getValue('final');
console.log(`Result: ${result}`);

const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
const result = numbers
  .filter(n => n % 2 === 0)
  .map(n => n * 2)
  .reduce((acc, curr) => acc + curr, 0);

const original = numbers.slice();
numbers.splice(2, 1, 99);

console.log(result);
console.log(numbers);
console.log(original);

const obj = Object.seal({ a: 1, b: { c: 2 } });
obj.a = 10;
obj.b.c = 20;
obj.d = 30;
delete obj.a;

const frozen = Object.freeze({ x: 5, y: { z: 10 } });
frozen.x = 50;
frozen.y.z = 100;
delete frozen.y;

console.log(obj.a, obj.b.c, obj.d, frozen.x, frozen.y.z);

const x = 5;
const y = 10;

const result = `${x + y}`;
const nested = `Value: ${`${x}` + `${y}`}`;
const expr = `${x}${y}`;

console.log(result);
console.log(nested);
console.log(expr);
console.log(typeof result);

const x = 0.1 + 0.2;
const y = 0.3;

console.log(x === y);
console.log(x.toFixed(1) === y.toFixed(1));
console.log(+x.toFixed(1) === +y.toFixed(1));

const num = 42;
console.log(num.toString(2));
console.log(parseInt('101010', 2));