JavaScript

class LightMachine {
  constructor() {
    this.states = {
      green: { next: 'yellow' },
      yellow: { next: 'red' },
      red: { next: 'green' }
    };
    this.currentState = 'green';
  }

  transition() {
    this.currentState = this.states[this.currentState].next;
    return this.currentState;
  }
}

const lightMachine = new LightMachine();
let result = '';
for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
  result += lightMachine.transition() + ' ';
}
console.log(result.trim());

const weakSet = new WeakSet();

const obj1 = { name: 'First' };
const obj2 = { name: 'Second' };
const obj3 = obj1;

weakSet.add(obj1);
weakSet.add(obj2);

let result = '';
result += weakSet.has(obj1) + ', ';
result += weakSet.has(obj3) + ', ';

obj2.name = 'Modified';
result += weakSet.has(obj2) + ', ';

weakSet.delete(obj1);
result += weakSet.has(obj3);

console.log(result);

function createCounter() {
  let count = 0;
  
  const counter = {
    increment() {
      count++;
      return count;
    },
    getCount() {
      return count;
    }
  };
  
  return counter;
}

let c1 = createCounter();
c1.increment();
c1.increment();

let c2 = c1;
c1 = null;

console.log(c2.getCount());

function* createCounter() {
  let count = 0;
  while (true) {
    const reset = yield ++count;
    if (reset) {
      count = 0;
    }
  }
}

const counter = createCounter();
console.log(counter.next().value);
console.log(counter.next().value);
console.log(counter.next(true).value);
console.log(counter.next().value);

const scores = [85, 92, 78, 90];  
const student = {
  name: 'Jordan',
  grade: 'A',
  ...{ courses: ['Math', 'Science'] },
  scores,
  average: function() { return this.scores.reduce((a, b) => a + b) / this.scores.length }
};

const { name, ...details } = student;
const [first, ...rest] = scores;

console.log(details.scores[0], rest[0]);

function getOrder() {
  console.log('1');
  
  setTimeout(() => console.log('2'), 0);
  
  Promise.resolve().then(() => {
    console.log('3');
    Promise.resolve().then(() => console.log('4'));
  });
  
  Promise.resolve().then(() => console.log('5'));
  
  console.log('6');
}

getOrder();

function Vehicle(wheels) {
  this.wheels = wheels;
}

Vehicle.prototype.getWheels = function() {
  return this.wheels;
};

function Car() {
  Vehicle.call(this, 4);
  this.doors = 4;
}

Car.prototype = Object.create(Vehicle.prototype);
Car.prototype.constructor = Car;

const myCar = new Car();
console.log(myCar.getWheels(), myCar instanceof Vehicle);