JavaScript

const obj = {
  valueOf: () => 42,
  toString: () => '24'
};

const results = [
  obj + '',
  +obj,
  obj == 42,
  obj === 42,
  String(obj),
  Number(obj)
];

console.log(results);

class Observable {
  constructor(subscribe) {
    this.subscribe = subscribe;
  }
  
  map(fn) {
    return new Observable(observer => {
      return this.subscribe({
        next: value => observer.next(fn(value)),
        error: err => observer.error(err),
        complete: () => observer.complete()
      });
    });
  }
}

const source = new Observable(observer => {
  observer.next(1);
  observer.next(2);
  observer.complete();
});

const doubled = source.map(x => x * 2);
doubled.subscribe({
  next: value => console.log(value),
  complete: () => console.log('done')
});

const obj = {
  name: 'Sarah',
  greet: () => {
    console.log(`Hello, ${this.name}`);
  },
  sayHi: function() {
    const inner = () => {
      console.log(`Hi, ${this.name}`);
    };
    inner();
  }
};

obj.greet();
obj.sayHi();

const ws = new WeakSet();
const obj1 = { name: 'first' };
const obj2 = { name: 'second' };
const obj3 = obj1;

ws.add(obj1);
ws.add(obj2);
ws.add(obj3);

console.log(ws.has(obj1));
console.log(ws.has(obj3));
console.log(ws.has({ name: 'first' }));
console.log(ws.size);

function mystery(arr, depth = 0) {
  if (arr.length <= 1) return arr;
  
  const mid = Math.floor(arr.length / 2);
  const left = mystery(arr.slice(0, mid), depth + 1);
  const right = mystery(arr.slice(mid), depth + 1);
  
  const result = [];
  let i = 0, j = 0;
  
  while (i < left.length && j < right.length) {
    result.push(left[i] <= right[j] ? left[i++] : right[j++]);
  }
  
  return result.concat(left.slice(i)).concat(right.slice(j));
}

const arr = [3, 1, 4, 1, 5];
console.log(mystery(arr));

const multiply = (a) => (b) => (c) => a * b * c;

const step1 = multiply(2);
const step2 = step1(3);
const result1 = step2(4);

const partialMult = multiply(5)(6);
const result2 = partialMult(7);

const directResult = multiply(1)(8)(9);

console.log(result1);
console.log(result2);
console.log(directResult);
console.log(typeof step1);
console.log(typeof partialMult);

const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
const obj = { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 };

const result1 = Object.keys(obj).length;
const result2 = arr.length;

delete obj.b;
obj.d = 4;

const result3 = Object.keys(obj).length;
const result4 = arr.push(6);

arr.length = 3;

const result5 = arr.length;
const result6 = Object.keys(obj).join('');

console.log(result1, result2, result3, result4, result5, result6);