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🔆'Responsible quantum technologies’ movement ✅The United Nations has declared 2025 as the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology to raise awareness of quantum S&T’s benefits. ✅Responsible quantum S&T calls for ethical practices to prevent misuse, especially given the dual-use nature of the technology. ✅Companies like IBM are committed to positive social impact and preventing harmful applications of quantum technology. ✅Challenges include disparities in quantum S&T capacities between countries and ethical issues. National policies often prioritize intellectual property protections over openness.

The "Policy Network Approach" developed by Richard A. W. Rhodes is indeed an influential framework in the field of public policy and governance. This approach focuses on understanding the complex interactions and relationships among various actors, such as government agencies, interest groups, and other stakeholders, involved in the policy process. The Policy Network Approach emphasizes the importance of examining the networks of actors and institutions that shape policy outcomes. It recognizes that policy decisions are often the result of negotiations, interactions, and power dynamics among diverse actors rather than being solely determined by formal governmental structures. Rhodes' work highlights the significance of informal networks, coalitions, and alliances in influencing policy formulation and implementation. His approach has been instrumental in shedding light on the complexities of modern governance and the need to consider a wide range of actors and influences in analyzing policy processes. Overall, Rhodes' Policy Network Approach has provided valuable insights into the dynamics of policy-making, offering a more nuanced understanding of how policies are developed and implemented within complex networked environments.

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