MAINS DECODER

86 Questions received objections in UPPCS prelims24

National Forensic Infrastructure Enhancement Scheme – 2024

📍 Objective ✅ To address the rising demand for Forensic Science Laboratories (FSL) across India. 📍 Key Features ✅ Establishment of new campuses of National Forensic Science University (NFSU) ✅ Creation of Central Forensic Labs (CFLs) ✅ Upgradation of existing infrastructure at the Delhi Campus of NFSU 📍 Funding Type ✅ Operates as a Central Sector Scheme (100% funded by the Union Government)

86 Questions received objections in UPPCS prelims24

India is ranked 131st out of 148 countries in the Global Gender Gap Index 2025, according to the World Economic Forum rankings released on June 12, 2025. - India’s overall gender parity score is 64.4%, reflecting a minor improvement of +0.3 percentage points compared to the previous year. - Despite this marginal increase, India fell two ranks (from 129th in 2024) not due to declining internal performance, but because other nations improved more rapidly The Global Gender Gap Index assesses gender parity across four key dimensions: 1. Economic Participation & Opportunity 2. Educational Attainment 3. Health & Survival 4. Political Empowerment While India scores relatively well on education (96%) and health (95%), it lags severely in: - Economic Participation (40% parity) - Political Representation (25% parity, with only 17% women in Parliament and 7% in ministerial roles) Globally, approximately 68.5% of the gender gap has been closed, but analysts warn that at the current pace, full parity won't be reached until the mid-22nd century (2158) ### Comparing within South Asia - Southern Asia ranks near the bottom among world regions, closing only 63–64% of the gender gap. - Within the region, India now stands third from bottom, ahead only of Pakistan and Maldives, and trailing Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Bhutan .

Issue with Census

1. Under utilisation and non utilisation of Census Data. 2. There are numerous large scale surveys published by different ministries of govt of India. 3. Data collected are not disseminated on time, despite the use of technology. Ex:- Data on migration was released in 2017 eco survey though collected in 2011. 4. Census based information was important at a time when there was no alternative way of gauging the dynamics of population change.

Suggestions

1. A digital Census would ensure better quality, and coverage. 2. Census should count capability attributes of an individual like education and profession and other tangible endowments like ownership of land, house etc

One of the most disastrous plane crashes in Indian history has occurred today in Ahmedabad. Prayers and strength to the grieving families 🙏🏻🙏🏻

Social management approach

Census used as a tool for social management approach to governance - Social management approach is just opposite of top -bottom approch of dealing inequality in caste ,gender and class. SMA starts with data ,targets needs based intervention,and treats caste as a development variable rather than a stigma. Used as a way forward in any question of social justice, social inclusion , developmental based ,policy formation questions etc. just by changing words as according to questions

Judicial Accountability 🔹The discovery of wads of cash at the residence of Delhi High Court judge has raised concerns regarding accountability in India's higher judiciary. 🔹Previously, a former Chief Justice of India (CJI) joined a panel investigating sexual harassment charges against himself. 🔹Supreme Court took suo motu cognizance and stayed the Lokpal's ruling which stated that High Court Judges are amenable to Lokpal's jurisdiction. 

Use this as an Example of community service as mentioned in BNS

CHILD LABOUR IN INDIA

Census 2011 estimated that approx 44 lacs children in the age of 5-14 were involved in child labour due to factor of poverty, illiteracy and non- accessibility •Child labour(prohibition and regulations )Act[CLPRA] 1986 -> Child labour (prohibition and regulations) amendment act 2016 prohibit the employment of children below 14 and had provision for the prohibition on employment of adolescence (14-18)in schedule hazardous occupation. • VELPUR MODEL(AP NOW TELANGANA )- once child labour notorious mandal but there commitment and involvement to eradicate and ensure all children in age group of 5-15 went to school and for this they start a drive and within 100 days they declared to be child labour free mandal. In 2021 this model declared as Child labour free model.

The new NCERT textbooks for class VII are out. Below are images of the integrated social science textbook (history, economics, geography etc). Note that the images are clear and in colour, the economics section teach ideas using modern examples, and history tries to focus on storytelling rather than dates. I am sure these too will be improved with iterations but we have broken away from old poverty and gratefully colonised narrative

- Sanjeev Sanyal on X #Education

Fertility Crisis in India 🇮🇳 UNFPA's 2025 Report India’s fertility rate has fallen to 1.9 below the replacement level of 2.1 meaning families are having fewer kids.The country still has a strong edge with 68% of people in working age which could boost the economy. 24% of Indians are under 14,while just 7% are 65+ though the elderly population is growing. The UN says the real focus should be on giving people the freedom to choose their family size, not fearing falling birth rates.

EMPOWER WOMEN IN AGRI

Data •1/2 of global food supply is possible by contri of women responsible for 60-80 per of food production in developing countries In india per is lower than global bcoz of following challenges-: •lack of land ownership make it difficult to obtain credit • Regular access of info on agri planning but women have more limited access to tech • loans offered by SHG and microfinance were not sufficient for significant investment • climate change affect by increasing there domestic responsibility nd elevate exposer to agri risk WAY FORWARD •Gol support small women farmer by enhance skill and promote sustainable agri. •Mahila kisan sashkatikaran pariyojana to upgrade skill and increase resource access for women •30% of NFS mission budget is allocated for women farmer •ENACT(Enhancing Climate Adaptation of vulnerable communities through nature based solutions and gender transfomative approach) connect women with expert through IT provide actionable agri and climate advisory weekly CONCLUSION Historic opp of IYof women farmer promote resilient agri development and gender equality by recognising, supporting and enhancing the role of women in food security,foster eco prosperity and promote sustainability