IPH EXERCISE

Exercise 2: 1) Rather, the scientist declares the law to be some interpolated curve that is more or less smooth and so will miss some of those points. 2) Poincaré had an especially interesting view of scientific induction. 3) Thus a scientific theory is not directly falsifiable by the data of experience; instead, the falsification process is more indirect. 4) Laws, he said, are not direct generalizations of experience; they aren’t mere summaries of the points on the graph. #RO #Apeuni_prediction #Apeuni_377 @Iran_pte_house

Exercise 1 #RO #Apeuni_prediction #Apeuni_407 @Iran_pte_house

Exercise 1: 1) Don't write about something else if you don't know the correct answer — this is just a waste of your valuable time (and the examiner's). 2) You must take account of how many marks are available for each part when you answer it. 3) And if you can't think of an answer to some part, leave a space and move on to the next part. 4) Even if you think you can write more, don't spend 15 minutes answering a part worth only 5 marks. Leave space at the end of your answer and come back to it if you have time to spare later. #RO #Apeuni_prediction #Apeuni_407 @Iran_pte_house

#DI @Iran_pte_house

خوانش متن RA

A tropical cyclone is a generic term used by meteorologists to describe a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms. The weakest tropical cyclones are called tropical depressions. If a depression intensifies such that its maximum sustained winds reach thirty-nine miles per hour, the tropical cyclone becomes a tropical storm. #RA #988_Tropical_Cyclone

📍ANSWERS #RWFIB #821_Spain’s_Law 1. D. Combat (n.): fighting between armed forces. 2. B. Discarded (v.): get rid of (someone or something) as no longer useful or desirable. 3. C. Aims (v.): have the intention of achieving. (معنا براساس استفاده در متن میباشد) 4. D. Eyesore (n.): a thing that is very ugly, especially a building. 5. A. Leach (v.): (with reference to a soluble chemical or mineral) drain away from soil, ash, or similar material by the action of percolating liquid, especially rainwater. 6. A. Potentially (adv.): with the capacity to develop or happen in the future. 7. C. Implementation (n.): the process of putting a decision or plan into effect; execution.

Cigarette butts are the poster child of pollution and litter, and now, Spain is taking action to ---1--- this serious problem. On Friday, a new law came into effect that requires tobacco companies to pay for the clean-up of millions of cigarette butts ---2--- in public places. The law is part of a larger environmental bill that also ---3--- to reduce single-use plastic pollution by banning items such as cutlery, plates, straws, polystyrene cups, and cotton buds. As such, the impacts of cigarette litter go beyond being a simple ---4--- in urban environments. Wildlife can mistake cigarette butts for food, leading to injury or death. In addition, the chemicals present in cigarette butts can ---5--- into soil and water, ---6--- contaminating these resources and hurting us all. Spain’s new law is a step in the right direction, but it will be important to closely monitor its ---7--- and effectiveness. 1) A. commit B. commune C. comply D. combat 2) A. unguarded B. discarded C. regarded D. warded 3) A. hails B. confirms C. aims D. anticipate 4) A. heartsore B. bedsore C. footsore D. eyesore 5) A. leach B. dismantle C. evacuate D. scrap 6) A. potentially B. substantially C. deferentially D. inertially 7) A. exploitation B. implantation C. implementation D. interpretation #RWFIB #821_Spain’s_Law

📍ANSWERS 📍#RFIB 📌#831_Ozone 1. Detail (v.): give full information about. 2. Vary (v.): differ in size, amount, degree, or nature from something else of the same general class. 3. Predictable (adj.): able to be predicted. 4. Depleted (v.): use up the supply or resources of. 📌#827_Renewable_Energy 1. Derived (v.): obtain something from (a specified source). 2. Replenished (v.): fill (something) up again. 3. Plentiful (adj.): existing in or yielding great quantities; abundant. 4. Form (v.): make or be made into a specific shape or form. 📌#818_Decision_Paralysis 1. State (n.): the particular condition that someone or something is in at a specific time. 2. Prevents (v.): keep (something) from happening. 3. Manifests (v.): show (a quality or feeling) by one's acts or appearance; demonstrate. 4. Weigh (v.): assess the nature or importance of, especially with a view to a decision or action. (معنا براساس استفاده در متن میباشد) 5. Frustrating (adj.): causing annoyance or upset because of an inability to change or achieve something. 📌#775_Denial 1. Overwhelming (adj.): very great in amount. 2. Allowing (v.): let (someone) have or do something. 3. Grips (n.): a firm hold; a tight grasp. 4. Seek (v.): attempt to find (something). 5. Psychologically (adv.): in a way that affects the mind or relates to the emotional state of a person.

Denial is often the first reaction to ---1--- or unimaginable news. Denial, or disbelief or shock, protects us by ---2--- such news to enter slowly and to give us time to come to ---3--- with what is taking place. The person who receives positive test results for life-threatening conditions may question the results, ---4--- second opinions, or may simply feel a sense of disbelief ---5--- even though they know that the results are true. #RFIB #775_Denial A) Emphatically B) Grips C) Psychologically D) Allowing E) Damaged F) Overwhelming G) Seek

Decision paralysis is a ---1--- of over-analyzing a situation or decision up to the point where it actually ---2--- you from taking a decision, or it influences you significantly. This phenomenon typically ---3--- through inaction, indecision, and an excessive tendency to ---4--- the options and consequences you have at hand before making up your mind. This experience can be ---5--- and dangerous, and it can affect your professional and even personal life. #RFIB #818_Decision_Paralysis A) Manifests B) Physical C) Weigh D) Prevents E) Frustrating F) Access G) State

Renewable energy is energy ---1--- from natural sources that are ---2--- at a higher rate than they are consumed. Renewable energy sources are ---3--- and all around us. Fossil fuels, coal, oil and gas, on the other hand, are non-renewable resources that take hundreds of millions of years to ---4---. #RFIB #827_Renewable_Energy A) Form B) Coordinate C) Derived D) Committed E) Plentiful F) Concerned G) Replenished