UPSC CSE Why

Pre note: Toughest question of 2023 CSAT solved in seconds here 🚨 11th November | Monday 🚨

Mains keywords 🧾

1. Economy keywords 💸 • Care Economy: Economic activities focused on providing care services (healthcare, childcare, etc) • Consumer Economy: Economic system driven by consumer spending, reflecting demand & consumption trends • Revise more imp. Economics keywords

Pre notes ✍🏻

1. Mukhyamantri Majhi Ladki Bahin Yojana 👧🏻💰[Maharashtra] • Aim: Support women aged 21-65 with annual family income below ₹2.5 lakh • Offer: ₹1,500 monthly via DBT; special Diwali Bonus of ₹3,000 (2024) • Excludes taxpayers, regular government employees, and families owning 4-wheelers 2. Animal Health Security Strengthening in🇮🇳 Project • Launched by Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying Minister (Rajiv Ranjan Singh) • Objective: Enhance India's capacity to "prevent, detect, and respond" to animal health threats • Funding: Pandemic Fund, created by G20 in 2022 (response to COVID-19) • Allocation: $25M approved for India; part of 19 projects across 37 countries • Execution: By ADB, World Bank, FAO; completion by Aug 2026 • Need for the Project: - Prevent zoonotic diseases that may impact humans - 2/3rd of human infectious diseases originate from animals; India has 536M livestock and 853M poultry birds

Mains notes 📙

1. Ayushman Bharat: Revise all Govt. flagships schemes here

@CSEWhy Recommendations 📑

Indian Express 📰 1. Fixing a leaky PDS (Ideas page) (GS2: Policies and Social issues) 2. Private property and common good (Explained page) (GS2: SC Judgements) 3. Elephant deaths in Bandhavgarh… (Explained page) (GS3: Environment) The Hindu 🗞 1. States and the Centre’s fetter of ‘net borrowing ceiling’ (Editorial) (GS2: Economic policies) 2. On improving wind energy generation (Text&Context) (GS3: Climate and energy) 3. How do lightning rods prevent lightning strikes from reaching people? (Text&Context) (GS3: Science) PS: Download CSEWhy app and be an early user to reap max benefits!

Bhai ye padhai ki baat nahi hai Bass thoda samajh le Time nikal raha hai badi tezi se. Kal hi toh 2024 ka prelims khtm hua tha, ab 2024 bhi khtm hone laga hai Jawani keemati hai dost. Mehnat se padhai kar! Baat banti hai toh badhiya nahi toh aage badh. Desh me bahaut kuch hai karne ko.

Pre note: Introspect kr rhe ho? Time nikaal ke apni galtiya pakdo sur unhe sudhaaro! 🚨 10th November | Sunday 🚨

Quotes 💭

“Accessibility is not merely a convenience, but a fundamental requirement for enabling individuals, particularly those with disabilities, to exercise their rights fully and equally.” — CJI DY Chandrachud (Use in GS2 mains answer writing)

Pre Facts 📝

1. SC: Accessibility for disabled people is a fundamental right • Judgment based on a report by the Centre for Disability Studies, NALSAR University of Law 2. Maramadi - cattle race in Kerala; popular post-harvest • Primarily held in districts like Alappuzha, Thrissur, and Palakkad • Features a pair of bulls racing in muddy paddy fields • Conducted mainly in the Karkidakam month (July-August)

Pre notes ✍🏻

1. Karmayogi Saptah (National Learning Week for civil servants) • Organized by DoPT u/ Karmayogi initiative • Aim: To foster a culture of continuous learning & capacity building • Focuses on digital governance, ethics, and sustainable public service 2. International diabetes federation • IDF - Focuses on diabetes care, founded in 1950 • Has 240+ member associations in 160+ countries • Key objectives: improve care, advocate policies, promote research • Celebrates World Diabetes Day on November 14 • Over 540 million people have diabetes globally (2023 estimates) What does it do? - Collaborates with WHO for policy and advocacy work - Offers education and training for diabetes management - Supports research aligned with the UN's SDGs for health

@CSEWhy Recommendations 📑

The Hindu 🗞 1. India will fail to meet 2025 TB ‘elimination’ target (GS2: Policies) 2. What happens to Indian firms in blacklist? (FAQ Page) (GS2: IR) 3. What are the costs of population decline? (FAQ Page) (GS2: Social issues) PS: Enjoy your sunday (By revising important CAs, here)

Kaise ho Dost? Shaam maze mein jaa rahi hai? Agar nahi koi baat nahi - ab hojaegi 😉 Agar haa toh isse aur mazedar banao. Kaise? 👇🏻 Iss hafte ke sabhi important CA topics ek jagah revise krke: 1. Khalistan issue 2. Impact of Trump 2.0 on India 3. SC's decision on your private property React ❤️ if you didn't expect, but liked this 😀

Pre note: CSEWhy app beta version is up on android for those who wanna explore. 🚨 9th November | Saturday 🚨

Quotes ☁️

It is the diversity of nation that protects the basic structure of constitution -- CJI DY Chandrachud (GS2: Constitution)

Pre notes ✍🏻

1. SC overturned its 1967 Judgement on Minority institutions What was it? - Case Name: Rev. Sidharajbhai Sabbai vs State of Gujarat (1963) - Focus: Minority rights under Article 30(1) - right to establish/administer educational institutions - Issue: Whether state can impose regulations on minority institutions receiving aid SC Rulings: - 1967: Minority institutions’ autonomy protected; state interference limited - 2024: SC in a 4-3 decision, reversed 1967 verdict, recognizing AMU's minority status u/ Article 30 of the Constitution Implications: It allows AMU to implement reservation policies favoring Muslim students (up to 50%) 2. Article 30 • Part III - Fundamental Rights • 30(1): Minorities can establish/administer institutions of choice • 30(1A): Compensation for property acquisition (added in 1978) • 30(2): No discrimination in state aid to minority institutions 3. Manas National Park • 📍Assam, India-Bhutan border • 🗓 Designated in 1985 as UNESCO site • Key Wildlife: Bengal Tiger, Indian Rhino, Golden Langur, Pygmy Hog 🐒 • Flora: Semi-evergreen forests and grasslands • River: Named after the Manas River flowing through it • Significance: Biodiversity hotspot; elephant migration corridor 🐘

Mains notes 📙

1. 2015 pact b/w GOI and NSCN-IM What was it for? 🎯 • To resolve Naga insurgency, recognizing Naga identity & autonomy • Signed by RN Ravi (Interlocutor) & Thuingaleng Muivah (NSCN-IM), in PM Modi’s presence • Details of the pact remain secret, creating speculation 🤫 • A major step for peace in NE; NSCN-IM's demands for separate flag & constitution - stalled talks

@CSEWhy Newspaper Recommendations 📑

Indian Express 📰 1. SC’s test of a minority institution (Explained page) (GS2: SC Judgements) 2. Unshackle the Rupee (Ideas page) (GS3: Economics) The Hindu 🗞 1. The BRICS journey (Editorial) (GS2: IR) PS: what do you do on weekends away from studies? :)

Pre note: mauj karo yaar. 🚨 7th November | Thursday 🚨

Mains keywords 🧾

1. The "Shane Effect" - Significant positive impact a charismatic individual haves on performance & morale of a team

Pre notes ✍🏻

1. Hurricane Rafael(📍Carribean; 🗓️ Nov 2024) • Category 3 with 115 mph winds; Made landfall in Cuba on November 6 • U.S. Gulf energy producers shut down 17% of oil and 7% of gas output in anticipation. • 1st Category 3 hurricane to hit Cuba since 2022; strongest since 2009 2. UAPA, 1967(For unlawful & terrorist activities) • 🗓️2019: Included organisations in its ambit • NIA - main investigative agency; bail is tough, requiring proof of prima facie innocence • Extended detention without charges up to 180 days (normal laws allow only 90 days) • ⬇conviction rate (~2.2%) highlights potential misuse or weak evidence • SC upheld its validity; acknowledged concerns over human rights violations

Mains notes 📙

1. U.P’s new rule for appointing police chief

•

New Rules:

DGP to be chosen by a selection cmte based on remaining tenure, svc record, and exp •

Eligibility:

Only officers with min. 6 months left in svc are eligible. DGP min tenure - 2 yrs •

Selection Cmte:

Retired judge + UPSC nominee, Additional Chief Sec, and Home Dept rep •

Existing Practice:

Per SC's Prakash Singh case (2006), states must send UPSC a list of top 5 officers. UPSC vets list, returns 3 names. State selects DGP

2. SC overturned its 2021 judgement

•

SC Verdict:

Restoring powers of DRI (Dir of Rev Intel) officers to issue notices and recover dues under Customs Act, 1962 •

Background:

Earlier judgment (Canon India vs Customs) said DRI needed Centre’s approval to perform Customs officer functions under Sec 6 •

Reason:

2021 judgment failed to consider statutory provisions

@CSEWhy

Recommendations 📑

Indian Express 📰 1. Not so eminent domain (Ideas page) (GS2: SC Judgements) 2. AUM verdict in top court today: the case and what’s at stake (Explained page) (GS2: SC Judgements) 3. Solar alliance stocktake (Explained page) (GS3: Climate) The Hindu 🗞 1. Are pro-natalist policies the way to address the ageing population problem? (Opinion page) (GS2: Policies & Social issues) 2. Can the state acquire all private property? (Text&Context) (GS2: Laws and Judgement) PS: blog.csewhy.com

You can also ignore the newspaper noise by following these CSEWhy blogs on India-US: 1. PM Modi in USA 2. USA's new weapon against India 3. US-China Truce | India to be careful! 4. What Trump 2.0 means for India? Do subscribe to this blog with your email for Free to get blogs in your email.

Pre note: Too much Trump focused newspaper today, skip it to find UPSC centric pointers here 🚨 7th November | Thursday 🚨

Mains keywords 🧾

1. Particulate matter • PM: solid/liquid mixture; Key catgories: PM10 (≤10µm) & PM2.5 (≤2.5µm) • Major sources: Vehicles, industries, construction, crop burning; natural sources like dust storms, forest fires • Health risks: Respiratory, cardiovascular diseases; PM2.5 can penetrate deep into lungs

Pre notes ✍🏻

1. Mango kernel (disrupts cellular respiration by inhibiting O2 use in cells) • What is it?: Contains cyanogenic glycosides, releasing hydrogen cyanide (HCN) during digestion • Symptoms: Mild (headache, dizziness) to severe (respiratory distress, cardiac arrest) • Diagnosis: Clinical symptoms, metabolic tests; Treatment: Oxygen, antidotes (e.g., sodium thiosulfate) • Note: FSSAI guidelines discourage raw use 2. PM - Vidyalaxmi Scheme (for access to education loan) • Launched: 2015 under MoF, IBA, and MoE • For who?: Students in recognized courses in India & abroad; interest subsidies for E.W.S • Coverage: Covers 30+ banks, supports CSIS, Padho Pardesh schemes 3. Sagarmala Parikrama (for maritime economy) • Ministry: MoPSW, focusing on port-led development, coastal connectivity • Key aims - Port modernisation, connectivity, job creation, sustainable practices - Enhances coastal roads, rail, waterways, and develops industrial zones near ports - Reduces logistics costs, strengthens India's blue economy • Environmental focus: Eco-friendly ports, erosion control, marine conservation • Achievements: Expanded port capacity, created coastal economic zones (CEZs) • Future goals: Multimodal connectivity with Bharatmala, tech upgrades at ports

@CSEWhy Recommendations 📑

Indian Express: No reco today! The Hindu 🗞 1. Why did SC uphold U.P. madrasa Act? (Text&Context) (GS2: Laws and Judgements) 2. What explains the deadly Spain floods? (Science page) (GS3: Climate and disasters) PS: Trump 2.0 meaning for India, find UPSC centric pointers here

Pre note: updated blog on Khalistan at blog.csewhy.com 🚨 6th November | Wednesday 🚨

Pre notes ✍🏻

1. UP Madarsa Education Board Act, 2004 It’s significance: • Standardises Madarsa education across UP; Sets up a Madarsa Board to oversee operations • Covers madarsas up to secondary level, balancing Islamic studies with general subjects • Inclusive curriculum; Provides financial aid 💰 Legalities: • Registration under the Board is mandatory for funding and grants • State can inspect registered madarsas for compliance • Board exams give equivalency with state boards for further studies 2. A Letter of Intent (LoI) • Expresses formal interest in hosting Olympics (either in 2036 or 2040) • Proposed host city - Ahmedabad; to boost India's global image & economic growth • Aligns with India's goal to inspire youth and boost sports culture 3. Korean script in Indonesia Language at Risk: The Cia-Cia tribe’s language, spoken by ~93,000 people on Buton Island, Indonesia, lacked a script, risking extinction Indonesia has 700+ languages, with many at risk due to lack of written scripts Hangul Adoption: In 2009, Korean script Hangul was introduced for Cia-Cia after attempts to use Arabic script failed; Hangul suits Cia-Cia's syllabic structure better

Mains notes 📙

1. Dedicated Freight Corridors (DFCs) WHY DFCs? • Improve freight capacity, reduce transit times, and cut costs, boosting Indian Railways’ revenue • Contribute 2.94% to Indian Railways’ revenue growth (FY 2018-23); reduced freight costs⬇️ goods prices by up to 0.5% • Ease congestion on overused routes of the Golden Quadrilateral that handle 52% passenger and 58% freight traffic FACTS: • Western DFC (1,506 km) and Eastern DFC (1,337 km) are key routes connecting industrial hubs and ports; WDFC completion target is Dec 2025 • Currently, 325 trains/day operate on DFCs at 60% capacity • National Rail Plan targets increasing rail’s freight share to 45% by 2030; DFCs play a crucial role in achieving this Future DFC plans: • East Coast (Kharagpur-Vijayawada), East-West, and North-South sub-corridors to expand network benefits 2. Chalo India Drive • Initiated my MoT in World Travel Mart, London • OICs are allowed to nominate 5 friends for free Visas • Total OICs are 5 mill; Limit on free visas is 1 Lac 3. Patent monopoly What is it? • Grants exclusive rights to inventors for 20 years • Encourages R&D by protecting IP, allowing recovery of innovation costs Criticism: Patent monopoly can lead to high costs, innovation blockage 4. Revise India-Canada diplomatic ties for Mains

@CSEWhy Recommendations 📑

Indian Express 📰 1. Why the supreme court upheld constitutional validity of UP Madarsa Act, 2004 (Explained page) (GS2: SC Judgements) The Hindu 🗞 1. Rising STEM research demands revitalised education (Editorial) 2. Aadhaar biometric data access will aid forensics (Editorial) (GS2: Policy) PS: Need any help? Talk to me directly at whycse@gmail.com

https://open.substack.com/pub/csewhy/p/288-khalistan-issue-pestle?r=1prj68&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web&showWelcomeOnShare=true This blog covers everything you need to know about Khalistan issue and Mains notes Read, save, and share :)

Pre note: Big blog on an imp. CA coming today. Subscribe: blog.csewhy.com 🚨 5th November | Tuesday 🚨

Mains keywords 🗒

1. HotSpot tech. In Cricket 🏏 (since 2006) • Detects ball impact using infrared heat-sensing cameras • Essential for LBW, caught behind; first use in 2006 Ashes 2. Consciousness • Class Consciousness: Awareness of one's socio-economic position; roots in Marxism. It's key for class to recognize shared interest & mobilise collectively • False Consciousness: Individuals misinterpreting class interests hindering true awareness of exploitation

Mains notes 📙

1. Dutch gravity canal (GS3 Irrigation) • What?: - Manage water in low-lying areas to prevent flooding; uses tides for drainage & reduces reliance on pump energy - Advanced smart drainage uses predictive tech for tide/weather syncing • Need: Climate change adaptations include reservoirs and green-energy pumps

@CSEWhy Newspaper Recommendations 📝

The Hindu 🗞 1. Does data justify subdivision of quotas? (Text&Context) (GS2: Policies) PS: Check next message for Ind-US elections from Indian POV.

Friends, changed the newspaper delivery format. Going forward, you can expect better coverage in concise format. In short, your newspaper problem will disappear starting today for UPSC 2025. Do share the above post with your friends and in other groups inviting them to join @CSEWhy :)

Pre note: youtube.com/@CSEWhy 🚨 4th November | Monday 🚨

Pre notes ✍🏻

1. Gangetic Dolphins (aka Susu, IUCN: Endangered) • Feature: Nearly blind, uses echolocation • Location📍: Ganges-Brahmaputra basin + Karnaphuli-Sangu rivers (🇧🇩) • Conservation: Project Dolphin (2020) by MoEFCC; Vikramshila Sanctuary (Bihar) is a key site • In news: Habitat under threat at Kulsi and Morakolohi rivers in Kamrup district (Assam) 2. Diffraction limit • Concept: Optics concept; any instrument has principal limit to its resolution due to physics of diffraction • Purpose: Sets min distance to distinguish two points, defined by wavelength of light & lens aperture size 3. Floods in Spain (result of DANA) • Place in news📍: Valencia (received year's worth rain in 8 hours)

Mains notes 📔

1. Challenges with urbanisation • Stat: ~58% of global population in urban areas, 2x by 2050 • Challenges🇮🇳: Housing shortage, poor water & sanitation and climate vulnerability • Urbanization Reason🇮🇳: Rural poverty & migration • Issues: Poor spatial planning, inequality, social segregation, limited governance, pollution 2. ORT (Oral Rehydration Therapy) • What: Cost effective dehydration treatment serving salt+sugar solution • Mechanism: Enhances water absorption in small intestine via sodium-glucose co-transport • Impact: Reduced dehydration & mortality rates globally • India🇮🇳: Promoted u/ National Health Mission & Integrated Management of Neonatal & Childhood Illnesses Program

@CSEWhy Newspaper Recommendations 📑

Indian Express 📰 1. A new tryst with destiny (Editorial) (GS3: Economics) 2. Paradox of stagnant rural wage (Explained page) (GS3: Economics) 3. Worsening impact of climate change (Explained page) (GS3: Climate; note stats) The Hindu 🗞 1. The BRICS summit boost to India-Iran ties (Editorial) (GS2: IR) 2. On the new coastal zone plan of Kerala (Text&Context) (GS2/GS3: Policies and Climate) 3. How cyber scams use social engineering and malicious APKs to swindle users (Text&Context) (GS2: Social issues) PS: Festive over, are you set to be back to studies? React ❤️to affirm!

Pre note: Its weekend; How far have you come? How far shall you go? 🚨 3rd November | Sunday 🚨

Pre Facts 📝

1. Revise Heatwaves

Pre notes ✍🏻

1. Belt & Road Initiative (since 2013; 140+ countries involved) • Connects Asia, Europe, and Africa through trade routes & infrastructure projects • Rail, port & energy projects for trade & economic growth • Criticism: debt trap diplomacy w/ as some partners struggle for repayment 2. Tibetan wild ass (China, India & Nepal • Reddish-brown coat, white underparts & distinctive black stripe down back • Near Threatened due to habitat loss, competition w/ livestock, and limited range • Protected under Indian Wildlife Protection Act and in reserves like Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary (Ladakh)

Mains notes 📔

1. Sendai framework (adopted 2015 succeeding Hyogo Framework) • Focus: reduce disaster risk, enhancing resilience, proactive over-reactive approach • 4 Priorities: "understand risk, strengthen governance, invest in Disaster Risk Resilience, enhancing preparedness and "build back better." • 7 Targets by 2030: Reduce disaster mortality, affected population, economic losses, infrastructure damage, increase national DRR strategies, enhance global cooperation, improve multi-hazard early warnings

@CSEWhy Recommendations 📑

The Hindu 🗞 1. Glacial lakes rise as glaciers retreat (Science page) (GS3: Climate) 2. What are the key takeaways from COP-16? (FAQ page) (GS2: IR) 3. Why is Brazil weighing options on BRI? (FAQ page) (GS2: IR) PS: Join @CSEWhyPlanB

Pre note: Easy newspaper today, invest time in revision at blog.csewhy.com 🚨 2nd November | Saturday 🚨

@CSEWhy Recommendations 📑

Indian Express 📰 1. Consumption & Food inflation (Explained page) (GS3: Economics) 2. First ‘Black Hole Triple’ system discovered: what does it mean? (Explained page) (GS3: Science) 3. Invisible sanitation worker (Editorial) (GS2: Social issues) The Hindu 🗞 1. Zeroing in on methane diplomacy, at COP29 (Editorial) (GS3/GS2: IR and Climate) PS: Join @CSEWhyPlanB

Pre note: How's life? How're the studies? 🚨 1st November | Friday 🚨

Pre Facts 📝

1. Light Detection and Ranging • It uses pulsed laser light to map the Earth’s surface in 3D • It generates high-res models with up to 10 cm vertical accuracy • It uses laser, scanner, GPS to capture ground info by measuring light reflection & travel time • Data is processed with GPS/IMS to create elevation maps; forms a “point cloud” of surface reflections • Enabled discovery of “Valeriana,” a potential Mayan capital in Campeche, Mexico

Pre notes ✍🏻

1. Revise  Bandhavgarh here

@CSEWhy Recommendations 📑

Indian Express 📰 1. Why 1.5°C goal is unrealistic (Explained page) (GS2/GS3: Climate and policies) 2. Rules to get disability certificates tweaked: what has changed and why? (Explained page) (GS2: Laws and Acts) 3. Fraternity upheld (Editorial) (GS2: SC judgements) P.S: Diwali khatm; Padhai shuru!

Diwali 🪔♥️ Share your Diwali pictures in replies to spread happiness 😁