UPSC CSE Why

Pre note: new job openings live at @CSEPlanB :) 🚨 23rd July | Wednesday 🚨

Daily Notes🗒

1. Biostimulants • Overview: Substances enhancing plant growth; under scrutiny by Agri Ministry due to forced sales + doubts on efficacy • Legal: Defined u/ Fertilizer (Control) Order, 1985, they stimulate physiological processes in plants & regulated separately insecticides & fertilizers • Market: Indian market $470mn (2025) to $1136mn (2032) at CAGR 15.64% • Biostimulants Committee: Agri ministry initiative to oversee regulation addressing issues like cheating & ensuring compliance via testing protocols 2. Polygamy & Polyandry • Polygamy & Polyandry both outlawed by Special Marriages Act (SMA), the Hindu Marriage Act (HMA) 195 and criminalized under Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) • Exception to STs - sec 3 of HMA: customs = observed for a long time has obtained force of law - sec 2(2) of HMA: STs exempted [unless govt directs] - Uttarakhand UCC doesn't apply to STs - Constitution: customary laws u/A 342 • SC cases - Triple Talaq held unconstitutional u/A 13(2) as inconsistent w/ Fundamental Rights - Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937 deemed arbitrary, unreasonable & violative of A14/21 - Ram Charan & Ors. versus Sukhram & Ors. reaffirmed principle of A14/15/21 and that customs can't remain stuck in time depriving citizens of rights [Implication] This Polyandry norm can be challenged now that it is in news and verdict depends on merits of the arguments 3. National Flag Day • Adoption and Significance: July 22 adopted by Constituent Assembly in 1947; P. Venkayya designed this flag! • Evolution and Design: 1906 Kolkata hosting first ever evolved to one by Madame Cama (1907), Gandhi's charkha (1921) till 1947 final design with Ashok Chakra embodying cultural heritage • Regulations and Observance: Governed by the Flag Code of India (2002, amended 2021-22), the flag can now be polyester-based and flown anytime with respect. Celebrated with hoisting ceremonies, it promotes patriotism, safeguarded by the 1971 Honour Act. • CSEWhy Note: Do you remember a UPSC PYQ on dimensions of flag? (Let's see who all can recall!)

@CSEWhy Newspaper Recommendations📰

Indian Express 🗞 1. A bridge to London (Never miss Rajamandal for Geopolitics) 2. Science at the final frontier (Fun read for a fresh pov on Shubhashu Shukla's leap) 3. Tracking India's climate goals (An evaluation of where we stand) The Hindu 🗞 1. China, India & conflict over Buddhism (Read for a reference on the topic) 2. Redeeming India's nuclear power promise (MUST Read, make a one pager note) 3. A beetle-fungi combo threatens plantations in rubber capital Kerala (Rubber plantation of Kerala has been in news for 3 years now!) PS: Easier newspaper today. spend time revising via blog.csewhy.com

Discuss: Post of VP & Governor shall be abolished Yes or No?

Pre note: Did you check new job opportunities on @CSEPlanB? 🚨 22nd July | Tuesday 🚨

Daily Notes🗒

1. What next after India's VP resignation? • 3rd VP to resign: VV Giri & R Venkataraman stepped down (both to fight Presidential elections) • VP Duties: by Dept. Chair Harivansh Narayan Singh till next VP elected • Elections: No fixed deadline, "as soon as possible" since the post fall vacant • Term of new VP: Complete 5 yrs since day of office • Eligibility: min 35 yrs + voter in any constituency + no office of profit • Elected by: - Electoral college of MPs of both LS/RS (nominated members included) - Proportional Representation w/ Single Transferable Vote

@CSEWhy Newspaper Recommendations📰

Indian Express 🗞 1. The game is on (Read for The Resistance Front inclusion in terror list & Indian pov) 2. How to create champions? (Don't miss this imp. one for National Sports Policy 2025) 3. Why do so many 'snake rescuers' in India get bitten on the job (Read for basic awareness) 4. Why do runways show unwearable clothes? (Read for the sociological impacts of it relevant for UPSC) The Hindu 🗞 1. What's the legal status of Right to Vote? (VERY Important read from Ranga sir) 2. What have courts ruled with respect to AI and copyright? (Must know topics in today's time) 3. The working behind TV Screens (PYQs seen on this topic, read diligently; will also share a blog on this) 4. Water, energy demand spotlights risk of human-induced quakes (Read for awareness) PS: Join blog.csewhy.com👇🏻

Most important article today from Constitution pov Note (already highlighted) - Article 217 & 124 (4) - Judges (Inquiry Act) 1968 - Min. numbers needed to impeach a judge

VP Dhankar resigns citing health reasons. One of the rare events in Indian polity!

Pre note: Both TH & IE have articles today on doom-scrolling, read & adapt! 🚨21st July | Monday🚨

@CSEWhy Newspaper Recommendations📰

Indian Express 🗞 1. The flaw in the exam (Read for children's exam pattern) 2. The soil of a nation (Important article on soil health G3) 3. Relief from food inflation (GS3 important topic covered very well!) 4. Why 78% coal plants won't need to add anti-pollution devices (important ongoing topic makes up for a good read) The Hindu 🗞 1. India can reframe the AI debate (masterclass from Ambassador Syed Akbaruddin) PS: Easier newspaper today. spend time revising at blog.csewhy.com

Just yesterday we were deliberating on screen time here and we get this in today's Indian Express We still don't know how the screens are impacting our bodies or what alterations are done in the mind due to screen usage! Be mindful, VERY mindful while doom scrolling. 😄

In last 4 days, I’ve suddenly become super conscious of what I’m doing on my screen Not sure what prompted this behaviour but it feels scary to be overspending time here In last 4 days, I’ve been able to • read an entire book (first this year in short span as this) • more mindful of work • spent more time in important conversations at home & at work Screen time down by ~77% Time to build a healthier self sticking to core of Bal Buddhi Vidya ♥️ What’s your avg daily screen time?

Pre note: What's it that you can do today better than yesterday? THINK and tell me! 🚨20th July | Sunday🚨

@CSEWhy Newspaper Recommendations📰

The Hindu 🗞 1. Universe's antimatter mystery (Wanted to share note but this one needs you to read it by self!) 2. Sugar & salt labelling 3. What has Preliminary crash report revealed? PS: Are you sleeping well?

Pre note: Are you on @CSEPlanB? 😄 🚨19th July | Saturday🚨

Daily Notes🗒

1. Soft diplomacy : Use of cultural, educational, and people-to-people exchanges for positive international relations & influence without coercion. 2. Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) • Causes: Condition where leg veins fail to return blood to heard due to damaged valves or other reasons • Symptoms & Complications: Symptoms include leg swelling, pain, and skin changes, with complications like venous ulcers and infections. 3. Diagnosis & Management: Diagnosed via ultrasound; managed with compression therapy, lifestyle changes, or procedures like sclerotherapy. 3. Feeding Strays in streets • SC Ruling: Animal Welfare Board of India v/s A. Nagaraja: Animal life falls within ambit of Article 21 • Constitution: 51A(g) A fundamental duty on citizens to have compassion for living creatures • ABC Rules 2023: u/ Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1960 - seek to control dog population through sterilisation, vaccination etc. - onus on RWA (or similar org) to make arrangements for feeding 'community animals'

@CSEWhy Newspaper Recommendations📰

Indian Express 🗞 1. Respect thy neighbor (Imp. read in context of India-China relations) 2. A turnaround for banks (Banking NPAs & repercussions) 3. Saving lives in the deep-sea (Read about the INS Nistar; imp. in defence) PS: get your CA revisions at blog.csewhy.com👇🏻

One of biggest failures of Independent India is now being rectified: Rail in North-East. Important note from today's IE :)

Have said it multiple times, saying it again

Pre note: 🚨18th July | Friday🚨

Daily Notes🗒

1. Gravitational Waves • Definition & Origin: Ripples in fabric of space-time due to massive accelerating objects (such as merging black holes or neuron stars) [Einstein predicted in 1916, detected in 1974] • Significance: Detection confirms Einstein's theory, gives insights into cosmic events, opens new way to observe universe beyond Electromagnetic radiation • Properties: Travel at speed of light, weak, need highly sensitive instruments for detection due to miniscule effect on space-time • Applications: Enable research on cosmic phenomena, test theories of gravity & enhance understanding of early universe, potentially revealing clues about Big Bang 2. LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave (GW) Observatory ) • Purpose: Large scale physics experiment to detect gravitational waves using interferometry • Key Components: 2 observatories in US, L-Shaped interferometers, each w/ 4km long arms to measure tine spacetime distortions • Major Achievement: First GWs detected in 2015 from black hole merger winning 2017 Physics Nobel • Global Collaboration: Works with other observatories like Virgo (Italy), KAGRA (Japan). Further, India’s LIGO-India project (approved in 2023) aims to enhance global detection capabilities. 3. Eswatini/Swaziland • Why in news: USA deported 5 immigrants to this ONLY African monarchy kingdom • Eswatini facts: King ruling since 1984, personal worthy some $200mn-$500mn while avg per head income = $4 /day • Political Games: No dissent allowed nor are political parties; thrives on aids for most things • Highest HIV prevalence: 26% population affected; US aids (now cut off) used to run AIDS program

@CSEWhy Newspaper Recommendations📰

Indian Express 🗞 1. A foothold in the cosmos (Read the implications of Axiom-4 success in India) 2. Entire EXPLAINED page is a goldmine for Mains answers; If you've notes, add to it. If you don't make a 1 pager ( - Trump in Russia, - Black holes merger, - Cutting sugar oil) The Hindu 🗞 1. How China is leading the green energy sector? (GS3: Environment & Green Energy Infra) 2. Navigating nutritional information in the era of social media (Important read for bettering your answers) PS: If you are an aspirant who needs help, I am here for you! Reply👇🏻

Pre note: Today is a day of reading more! Get your reading glasses on!🧐 🚨17th July | Thursday🚨

@CSEWhy Newspaper Recommendations📰

Indian Express 🗞 Note: read first page of headlines of IE today carefully for NATO sanctions & PM Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana for awareness, will share notes soon! :) 1. A much needed pruning (Interesting article on ongoing SIR in Bihar) 2. Entire Explained page (- Gurgaon rainfall, - China's GDP Growth, - Climate change fires, - recorded conversations in divorce cases) The Hindu 🗞 1. Why was Thailand PM Suspended? 2. How genocide came to be named and codified? 3. CERN collider reveals major clue to universe's bias against antimatter PS: If you are an aspirant who needs help, I am here for you! Reply👇🏻

Pre note: What's it now that you need most help with? Ask your questions below! 🚨16th July | Wednesday🚨

@CSEWhy Newspaper Recommendations📰

Indian Express 🗞 1. Hedging against America (GS2: Indian Relations w/ USA) 2. The Millennium village (GS1: Urbanization) 3. Everything on EXPLAINED page (Patriot missile system, Recovery after space journey, Why earth spinning faster?, Grok's praise for Hitler) The Hindu 🗞 1. How is global shipping trying to decarbonise? (Important article on Global status of shipping) 2. The need to protect India's linguistic secularism (Learn the articles of constitution here) 3. Searching for extraterrestrial life means asking the right questions first (Great for space lovers, don't miss even if you don't love space 😛) PS: If you've any issues with CSEWhy app, Whatsapp at 7011596808

Pre note: These are inactive days for your competition in 2026; act smart, study daily! 😉 🚨15th July | Tuesday🚨

Quote✍🏼

Champions keep playing until the get it right - Billie Jean King

Daily Notes🗒

1. Deepfakes & Denmark Law - Introduction to Deepfakes: Created using AI with manipulated audio-video mimicking real individuals threatening identity, privacy and copyright. • Denmark's Copyright Law Proposal: Denmark plans to amend its copyright law to protect against deepfakes by granting individuals rights to control the use of their likeness and performances. • Key Provisions: The bill introduces three forms of protection; copyright for performances, protection for artists, and safeguards against misuse; aiming to address deepfake challenges effectively. • Implementation: The Danish Bill, introduced last month, seeks to regulate deepfake creation and use, with penalties for non-compliance. • Global Relevance: This initiative may influence international laws, prompting other countries to consider similar protections against the rising misuse of deepfake technology. 2. Governor Appointment • Appointment Process: By President u/A 155 of Constitution based on advice of Council of Ministers • Role & Tenure: Gov. to act as constitutional head of state appointed ideally for 5 years but can be removed by president on advice of Govt. • Eligibility & Powers: Min age: 35 years + political/admin experience; Have powers to assent/reserve the bills + act as a bridge b/w State-Centre 3. Endangered species like the Bengal florican and Finn's weaver seen at Kaziranga 4. Revise about DGCA here

@CSEWhy Newspaper Recommendations📰

Indian Express 🗞 1. Two unequal (Great read from Bhalla sir on World Bank data) 2. Interview on GLP-1 drugs on explained page (Get basics right on what is this all about!) The Hindu 🗞 1. Importance of India & Europe walking in step (Shashi Tharoor's masterclass in post-Op Sindoor world) 2. Why is corporate investment lagging behind? (GS3: Economy, get your GDP basics right here) 3. Scientists find pheromone that causes locusts to swarm and a way to block it! (GS3: S&T; read for general awareness) PS: If you've any issues with CSEWhy app, Whatsapp at 7011596808

Two important images from today's newspaper 1. Get GLP-1 basics right 2. Focus on GDP image since UPSC gave 2 formula based practical Qs in PRE25

Pre note: Did you read blog.csewhy.com for refugees? 🚨14th July | Saturday🚨

Daily Notes🗒

1. Rajya Sabha nomination • Constitutional Basis: u/A 80(1) & 80(3), President nominates 12 RS members for their eminence in literature, science, art or social service • Rights and Restrictions: Powers same as those of elected MPs except no vote in President election, exempted from anti-defection laws for 6 months (Pre PYQ 2022) • Issues and Criticism: While intended to enhance legislative quality, nominations sometimes favor ruling party allies, and low engagement by some members (e.g., poor attendance) undermines their effectiveness. 2. Representation of People Act 1950 • Section 19: A person can be registered as a voter if they are an Indian citizen, 18 or older on the qualifying date, ordinarily resident in the constituency, and not disqualified under any law. • Section 20: Defines "ordinarily resident" as habitual residence with intent to return, allowing temporary absences, with special provisions for government servants, prisoners, MPs, and their families. 3. Wastelands & Open Ecosystems in India • Importance of Open Ecosystems: India’s open ecosystems, such as grasslands and savannas, support pastoral communities and biodiversity, yet are often misclassified as wastelands, necessitating recognition for their ecological and cultural value. • Ecological and Cultural Significance: These ecosystems, home to diverse species and ancient human cultures, act as carbon sinks, sustain livelihoods, and require conservation to combat desertification and climate change. • Threats and Misrecognition: Classified as wastelands on official maps, they face threats from policy neglect, overgrazing, and conversion to other land uses, leading to degradation and loss of indigenous knowledge. • Policy Recommendations: Recognition of open ecosystems, support for pastoralist land use, and sustainable management (e.g., rewilding, knowledge integration) are essential to preserve these landscapes and their communities.

@CSEWhy Newspaper Recommendations📰

Indian Express 🗞 1. Drawing a line on paper (Read for Indus Water Treaty) 2. Proxies and missiles aren't enough (Syed sir's masterclass on security & defense) 3. Chance to repay Green debt (What a beautiful much needed article!) PS: in case you are low, talk. Speak! You are important, you are valued. :)

Getting unusually high emails and DMs lately. Zyada naye log aa rahe hai preparation mein ya result ke baad anxiety badh rahi hai? Kya lagta hai? Batao