UPSC CSE Why

Science & Tech topics UPSC asked in GS3 Mains • Mission Drishti • Agentic AI • Fast Breeder Reactor v/s Thermal Nuclear Reactor • Tech Missions in Indian agriculture • biotech usage in processing perishable crop Finance related topics asked in GS3 #UPSC 2026 • CBDC • RBI’s Financial Inclusion Index • Agreement of Agriculture of WTO

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UPSC Essays source traced to Honorable PM Modi's public appearances🤯 1. “A well-educated mind will always have more questions than answers.” → IIT Delhi Convocation, 8 Aug 2026: PM Modi urged students to keep curiosity alive and question accepted ideas. 2. “A thorn is a changed bud.” → Sanskrit Subhashitam shared on 13 Aug 2026: perseverance can turn adverse circumstances into favourable ones. 3. “When two elephants fight, it is the grass that gets trampled.” → G7 / Global South speeches: major global conflicts ultimately hurt smaller and vulnerable countries the most. 4. “Nature is the symbol of the spirit.” → Lex Friedman conversation: PM Modi spoke about nature, meditation, spirituality and their interconnectedness.

4 topics of ESSAY 2026 directly from PM Speech See proof: https://www.instagram.com/reel/DcTTQjSvKiV/?igsi=MXNvNXJqamJvbGY0Ng==

@CSEWhy Times – Aug 20, 2026 | Thursday

Pre & Mains Notes

1. India’s Arctic Narrative: From Scientific Research to Geopolitics WHAT HAPPENED A parliamentary report highlights gaps in India’s Arctic engagement and calls for a clearer, whole-of-government strategy linking scientific research with climate, economic and geopolitical interests. CORE ISSUE India needs to convert its Arctic scientific presence into a stronger strategic and geopolitical role. KEY DETAILS - Climate link: Arctic warming affects monsoon patterns, rainfall, agriculture, food security and coastal risks in India. - Geopolitical importance: The Arctic is emerging as a strategic zone for maritime access, energy security and critical supply chains; India’s ties with the US and Russia are especially relevant. - Research gap: India has a scientific presence through the Himadri station in Svalbard, but lacks a dedicated Polar Research Vessel for wider research. - Capability gap: Low funding, fragmented institutional responsibility and limited icebreaking capacity constrain India’s Arctic ambitions. WHY IT MATTERS The Arctic is no longer merely a climate/scientific domain; it is becoming important for India’s climate security, maritime interests, energy security and strategic autonomy. 2. FCNR(B) Decision: RBI’s Data-Driven Approach WHAT HAPPENED The government defended the RBI’s decision to discontinue its temporary special facility for FCNR(B) deposits, calling it a data-driven and well-considered decision. CORE ISSUE Whether the special FCNR(B) facility was still necessary given changing liquidity and foreign-exchange conditions. KEY DETAILS - FCNR(B): Foreign Currency Non-Resident (Bank) deposits allow NRIs to hold deposits in foreign currencies with Indian banks. - Temporary facility: RBI had provided special regulatory relaxations to encourage banks to mobilise FCNR(B) deposits and strengthen foreign-exchange inflows. - Facility ended: RBI decided to close the temporary facility after assessing prevailing market and liquidity conditions. - Expected inflows: The three FCNR schemes are expected to generate over $80 billion, according to the article. WHY IT MATTERS The decision reflects RBI’s focus on foreign-exchange liquidity, banking-sector stability and changing market conditions, rather than continuing temporary measures indefinitely.

@CSEWhy Newspaper Recos

Indian Express 1. How India plans to count caste now, what went wrong earlier (Skim read to understand) 2. An institution in freefall: Parliament is all dressed up with nowhere to go (by Shashi Tharoor; read to develop institutional thinking) The Hindu 📰 1. Before new taxes, making every rupee count (Read for GS 3, Economy) 2. The myth called ‘perfect victim’ (Read for GS 2) Subscribe to my free blog: blog.csewhy.com

All the best to each one of you writing mains 2026

@CSEWhy Times – Aug 19, 2026 | Wednesday

Pre & Mains Notes

1. What Drives Corporate Investment? WHAT HAPPENED India’s corporate investment has weakened despite favourable macroeconomic conditions, raising concerns about what is holding back private capital expenditure. CORE ISSUE Why are Indian companies reluctant to invest despite strong economic growth? KEY DETAILS Demand: Firms invest when they expect sustained growth in demand and future sales. Interest rates & profitability: Lower borrowing costs and stronger profits encourage investment. Capacity utilisation: High utilisation of existing capacity creates pressure for fresh investment. Policy & uncertainty: Regulatory certainty, infrastructure and economic stability influence investment decisions. WHY IT MATTERS Helps explain the private capex slowdown and its implications for India's growth, employment and investment cycle.

@CSEWhy Newspaper Recos

Indian Express 1. A changing Asia demands more from Delhi and Tokyo, together (by C Raja Mohan, read for GS 2 IR) The Hindu 📰 1. Education must change to account for AI (Imp. Read) Subscribe to my free blog: blog.csewhy.com

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@CSEWhy Times – Aug 18, 2026 | Tuesday

Pre & Mains Notes

1. NASA’s Moon Base & India’s Opportunity WHAT HAPPENED India is considering joining the Artemis Accords, potentially giving it a role in NASA-led plans for a permanent human presence on the Moon’s South Pole. CORE ISSUE India’s participation in the emerging lunar exploration and space-economy ecosystem. KEY DETAILS - NASA’s Moon Base is envisioned as a three-phase programme: - 2026–29: Explore the lunar surface and build infrastructure. - 2029–32: Establish long-term habitation systems and support logistics. - 2032 onwards: Develop a permanent lunar outpost. - The programme focuses on the Moon’s South Pole, which has strategic and scientific importance. - India is considering joining the Artemis Accords, a set of principles for peaceful and sustainable lunar exploration. - Participation could provide India access to international scientific cooperation, technology partnerships and lunar exploration opportunities. - India must balance cooperation with the US with its broader strategic interests and relations with Russia, China and other space powers. - The article highlights India's need to develop its own capabilities in deep-space exploration, human spaceflight and lunar infrastructure. WHY IT MATTERS The Moon is increasingly becoming a domain of scientific research, strategic competition and commercial activity. For India, participation can expand its space capabilities and international partnerships while raising questions about strategic autonomy and space governance.

@CSEWhy Newspaper Recos

Indian Express 1. The rupee's borrowed breathing space (read for awareness) 2. The Centre-states tussle over the Mines and Minerals bill (Skim read) The Hindu 📰 1. Taxing ‘frivolous’ industries will not fund India’s science (take a closer look here, must needed!) 2. Match AI models to workloads, not leaderboards (Must read for GS3 Technology & GS 2 Governance) 3. The road to E20 is not without bumps (imp. read to understand the current controversy on this issue)